Control means for estrous cycle control in sheepILRI
Presented by Mourad Rekik, ICARDA, at the EIAR-DBARC-ICARDA-ILRI (LIVES)-FAO Training Workshop on Reproduction in Sheep and Goat, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia, 13-15 October 2014
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Reproduction is the propagation and continuation of a species through a sequence of events that involves the production of hormones and the development of the reproductive system to carry out germ cell development, fertilization, pregnancy and eventually parturition.
The female sheep is referred to as the ewe while the male sheep is called a ram.
2.0 REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
3.0 PUBERTY IN RAM AND EWE
Most ewe lambs will reach puberty by the time they have developed to 50-70% of their body weight which is between 5 to 12 months of age.
Ram reach puberty may occur as early as 5 months, however, full reproductive competence may not occur until 15 months of age.
4.0 ESTROUS CYCLE
The estrous cycle, defined as the number of days between two consecutive periods of estrus (heat), is on average 17 days in ewes.
5.0 ESTRUS AND SIGN OF ESTRUS
This is the phase of the estrous cycle when the ewe will be receptive to the ram.
Complete estrus generally lasts for about 24 to 36 hours in the ewe.
5.1 ESTRUS DETECTION TECHNIQUES
-Teaser ram -Apron tied at the ram -Crayon-marking harness
6.0 LIBIDO (SEXUAL DESIRE)
Libido is a male’s desire to mate.
The willingness to breed ewes is highly variable among rams and can have a major impact on sheep production, especially in a single-sire mating scheme.
This behavior is regulated by the release of testosterone, produced by specialized cells in the testes.
Mounting and thrusting behavior, sniffing of the genital region and Flehmen reaction (curling of the upper lip of the male in response to detecting sexual readiness of the female) are well established common behaviors of normal sheep.
8.0 RAM-TO-EWE RATIO
Maintaining the correct ratio of fertile rams and ewes is important as it can affect the overall reproductive efficiency.
The appropriate ratio is either one ram to 20–25 ewes or 3 per 100 ewes in a year-round mating.
9.0 DETERMINE THE PREGNANCY
a)PrNon-return to estrus
Using teaser ram
b)ogesterone test
If the progesterone level is between 11‐13 nmol/l (it is between 7‐8.5 nmol/l at ewe lambs) on the 30th day after the impregnation then the probability of the pregnancy is 95%.
c)Ultrasonography
Ultrasonography examination can be done as early as 28–30 days using intra-rectal examination.
Trans-abdominal ultrasonography is done after 40 days post-breeding.
10.0 GESTATION (PREGNANCY PERIOD)
Gestation is the period from fertilization to delivery of the fetus.
The average gestation length in sheep varies from 142 to 152 days.
The average is 147 days.
11.0 PARTURITION (LAMBING)
11.1 COMPLICATION OCCUR DURING PARTURITION
13.0 CONCLUSION
14.0 REFERENCE
Control means for estrous cycle control in sheepILRI
Presented by Mourad Rekik, ICARDA, at the EIAR-DBARC-ICARDA-ILRI (LIVES)-FAO Training Workshop on Reproduction in Sheep and Goat, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia, 13-15 October 2014
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Reproduction is the propagation and continuation of a species through a sequence of events that involves the production of hormones and the development of the reproductive system to carry out germ cell development, fertilization, pregnancy and eventually parturition.
The female sheep is referred to as the ewe while the male sheep is called a ram.
2.0 REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
3.0 PUBERTY IN RAM AND EWE
Most ewe lambs will reach puberty by the time they have developed to 50-70% of their body weight which is between 5 to 12 months of age.
Ram reach puberty may occur as early as 5 months, however, full reproductive competence may not occur until 15 months of age.
4.0 ESTROUS CYCLE
The estrous cycle, defined as the number of days between two consecutive periods of estrus (heat), is on average 17 days in ewes.
5.0 ESTRUS AND SIGN OF ESTRUS
This is the phase of the estrous cycle when the ewe will be receptive to the ram.
Complete estrus generally lasts for about 24 to 36 hours in the ewe.
5.1 ESTRUS DETECTION TECHNIQUES
-Teaser ram -Apron tied at the ram -Crayon-marking harness
6.0 LIBIDO (SEXUAL DESIRE)
Libido is a male’s desire to mate.
The willingness to breed ewes is highly variable among rams and can have a major impact on sheep production, especially in a single-sire mating scheme.
This behavior is regulated by the release of testosterone, produced by specialized cells in the testes.
Mounting and thrusting behavior, sniffing of the genital region and Flehmen reaction (curling of the upper lip of the male in response to detecting sexual readiness of the female) are well established common behaviors of normal sheep.
8.0 RAM-TO-EWE RATIO
Maintaining the correct ratio of fertile rams and ewes is important as it can affect the overall reproductive efficiency.
The appropriate ratio is either one ram to 20–25 ewes or 3 per 100 ewes in a year-round mating.
9.0 DETERMINE THE PREGNANCY
a)PrNon-return to estrus
Using teaser ram
b)ogesterone test
If the progesterone level is between 11‐13 nmol/l (it is between 7‐8.5 nmol/l at ewe lambs) on the 30th day after the impregnation then the probability of the pregnancy is 95%.
c)Ultrasonography
Ultrasonography examination can be done as early as 28–30 days using intra-rectal examination.
Trans-abdominal ultrasonography is done after 40 days post-breeding.
10.0 GESTATION (PREGNANCY PERIOD)
Gestation is the period from fertilization to delivery of the fetus.
The average gestation length in sheep varies from 142 to 152 days.
The average is 147 days.
11.0 PARTURITION (LAMBING)
11.1 COMPLICATION OCCUR DURING PARTURITION
13.0 CONCLUSION
14.0 REFERENCE
Technological options and approaches to improve supply of desirable animal ge...ILRI
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This presentation covers five topics: hoof health, feed costs, birthing percentage, orphan lambs/kids, and parasite control. It was given to the New River Valley Sheep & Goat Club on 2/20/16.
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Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
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Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
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Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
7. Anovulatory Breeding Pregnancy Lambing Anovulatory Seasonal Breeding Cycle in Sheep Winter Fall Summer Summer Spring Decreasing Day Length Increasing Day Length Geisert, 1999
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9. Day Length Melatonin Production COMMUNCIATION VIA HORMONES BRAIN REPRODUCTIVE TRACT Decreasing Daylight STIMUALTION
10. Day Length Melatonin Production COMMUNCIATION VIA HORMONES BRAIN REPRODUCTIVE TRACT Decreasing Daylight STIMUALTION
11. Day Length Melatonin Production COMMUNCIATION VIA HORMONES BRAIN REPRODUCTIVE TRACT Increasing Daylight SUPPRESSION
12. Day Length Melatonin Production COMMUNCIATION VIA HORMONES BRAIN REPRODUCTIVE TRACT Increasing Daylight SUPPRESSION
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14. How does seasonality effect the supply of lamb? Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct U.S. Monthly Lamb Slaughter in 2004 and 2005 Source: USDA/NASS Nov Dec 175 200 225 250 275 1,000 head Sheep and lamb slaughter Dollars per cwt 95 100 105 110 90 Slaughter lamb prices
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20. What are the benefits of overcoming seasonality? Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct U.S. Monthly Lamb Slaughter in 2004 and 2005 Source: USDA/NASS Nov Dec 175 200 225 250 275 1,000 head Sheep and lamb slaughter Dollars per cwt 95 100 105 110 90 Slaughter lamb prices
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22. What are the benefits of overcoming seasonality? Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Source: USDA/NASS Nov Dec 1 2 3 4 5 Relative no. of head Sheep and lamb slaughter Potential North Dakota Monthly Lamb Slaughter Relative dollars per cwt 2 3 4 5 1 Slaughter lamb prices
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24. How can we overcome seasonality in ewes? Normal percentage of ewes in heat per month
45. Gonadotropin: PG600 (with CIDRs) Day of estrous cycle 1 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 Days -12 -6 0 2 Insert CIDR on day -12 Remove CIDR on day 0 Heat in 1-2 days Administer shot of PG600 on day 0
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