Tall Structures
Usually structure or building having height more than 80m is considered as a tall structure.
Generally tall structure may be defined as one that because of its height it is affected by lateral.
Classification: 1. Multi storeyedresidential building.
2. Multi storeyedcommercial building.
3. Tall chimneys.
4. Transmission Towers
5. Cooling towers
Prestressed Concrete
•Prestressis defined as a method of applying pre-compression to control the stresses resulting due to external loads below the neutral axis of the beam tension developed due to external load which is more than the permissible limits of the plain concrete.
Demolition
•The action or process of destroying(demolishing)the building or other structures.
•In congested area, in particular, the quality of demolition technique becomes an essential element which determines the success of revitalization of city.
•In addition to efficiency in demolition, strategies must be adopted to avoid noise, vibration and dust which affect the surrounding environment and there must be efficient disposal of waste products
building Site report for 1st year students of B.sc Civil Engineering... this will be helpful in case you have just joined Civil Engineering Class and Your Teacher ask you to prepare a report based on Basic Knowledge.
Tall Structures
Usually structure or building having height more than 80m is considered as a tall structure.
Generally tall structure may be defined as one that because of its height it is affected by lateral.
Classification: 1. Multi storeyedresidential building.
2. Multi storeyedcommercial building.
3. Tall chimneys.
4. Transmission Towers
5. Cooling towers
Prestressed Concrete
•Prestressis defined as a method of applying pre-compression to control the stresses resulting due to external loads below the neutral axis of the beam tension developed due to external load which is more than the permissible limits of the plain concrete.
Demolition
•The action or process of destroying(demolishing)the building or other structures.
•In congested area, in particular, the quality of demolition technique becomes an essential element which determines the success of revitalization of city.
•In addition to efficiency in demolition, strategies must be adopted to avoid noise, vibration and dust which affect the surrounding environment and there must be efficient disposal of waste products
building Site report for 1st year students of B.sc Civil Engineering... this will be helpful in case you have just joined Civil Engineering Class and Your Teacher ask you to prepare a report based on Basic Knowledge.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
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Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
Technical site visit report
1. Technical site visit to Andes
Construction site
Name : Mok Po Yi
Student ID : 0318207
Subjects :
Measurement I (QSB60104)
Building Material (BLD62003)
Construction Tecnology I (BLD60104)
3. Introduction
A site visit to Andes construction site was held on 26th of June 2015 by the
programme director, Sr. Ang Fuey Lin. We gathered at Taylor’s University Lakeside
Campus to take bus and get to the site. Our class was separated into 2 groups so that
it is easier for the site visit. My batch is the second batch so our bus left campus at
sharp 9.30a.m. We were told to wear proper attire for this site visit due to safety
precautions. Long pants and covered shoes or site boots are required, and also the
most important is the white helmet. After half an hour, our bus has arrived our site
which located around puchong area.
After we arrived destination, we were briefed by the project manager who is Mr.
James Siow. He briefly talked about the construction project and site to us. We were
separated into few small groups. Then, we had started the tour in the construction
site with the guidance of Mr. James and his colleagues.
From the briefing, we knew that the scope of works included site clearance,
earthwork, construction of bored pile and pile caps work. Besides, they also work for
comstruction for basement slab, beams, retaining wall and ground floor slab
including column lift wall, ramp and staircases starter bars from basement to ground.
This project will cost around rm21,500,000.00. The project last around 24 months
started from 5th of May 2014.
Entrance of the site
The briefing session
4. Objectives
The objectives of this techinical site visit is to :
1. To understand how the construction process go on.
2. To fully understand the machinery used in construction site with the real
references such as bar bending machine, cutting machine and so on.
3. To gain more knowledge from the site visit by the guidance of the experienceful
professionals when they are giving us information for each station of the tour.
4. To discover the types of construction technologies used in real life.
5. To see and touch the real building material for construction from site that used
to construct a building and able to identify the types of building material used in
the site.
6. To understand the future job’s scope and role in the industry including reading
the drawings and also real site visit for future.
7. To experience the construction site including understanding the safety
precautions in the site such as wearing helmet and boots for personal safety.
8. To know more about the teamwork in construction industry by understanding
the roles of architects, project manager, engineers, contractor and etc in the
construction site. Able to understand how do they work together.
5. Content / Technical Observations
Types of foundation
This construction site has applied pile foundation. A pile foundation consists of 2
components which are pile caps and single or group of piles. Piles has high bearing
capacity to transfers the loads from building structures. Pile foundation is used when
the soil condition of the site is not that good. Piles can be made from concrete, wood
or steel. The selection of type of pile foundation is based on site investigation report
so that it can suggests the type of pile foundation to be used. However, the function
of the pile foundation is to control the settlements, increase the factor of safety for
heavy loads building since it is reliable and more.
This is the diagramof pile cap and photo of pile and pile cap from what we have
seen.
Based on the site visit, pile foundation is used for both block A and block B as well as
its depth is more than 3metres below the finishing level. Besides, based on the
explaination from the person incharged, the type of pile foundation is bored pile
method. Bored pile is used for those tall buildings or massive industrial complexes,
which require foundations that can bear the load of thousands of tons, most
probably in unstable or difficult soil conditions.
6. Advatages and disadvantages for pile foundation
Advantages Disadvantages
Can be designed to withstand high
bending and tensile stresses
Displacement of soil during driving may
lift adjacent piles or damage adjacent
structures
Construction operations not affected by
ground water
May break during driving necessitating
replacement piles.
Almost vibration and noise free Required heavy machinery to process.
Can be driven in ver long lengths Higher cost
Bored pile method is required when there’s heavy buildings with large loads and
when there is a risk of damage to surrounding buildings through vibration.
Advantages of bored pile method
Can transmit heavy loads
Almost noise and vibration free
No need to support bore hole as concrete replaces the void created
Disadvantages of bored pile method
Large plant needed to excavate earth
Require reasonably goof soil content to avoid bore hole collapsing.
7. Reinforcred concrete grade
Reinforced concrete grade is an index for the compresive strength of the harden
concrete depends on the quality and quantity of cement, water and aggregates.
Different grades of reinforced concrete would have different workability. From the
site visit, we have asked the person in charged about the reinfored concrete grade.
We knew that different building structures would have different concrete grade.
Concrete grade :
Foundation – Grade 35
Column – Grade 45
Slab , wall and beam – Grade 35
8. Photos and description
This is the reinforcement bars for
the pile cap.
This is the bored pile.
The reinforcement bars for
huge pilecap
9. Scalfolding in the site to enable
labours can access the structure
easily
The labour was removing the
formwork which the concrete is
readily harden in 24 hours
Labours are installing formwork
with the help of hammer
Concrete cover is done in this
way.
10. This shows how the link perform in
the columns with the concrete cover.
The contractor showed us the
stirrups.
The machinery – bar bending machine The bent reinforcement bars.
11. View of the construction site with huge machinery and vehicles
Basically the site is using pile foundation which overally look like this.