Tea is made from the leaves of the Camellia Sinensis plant. The process begins with plucking the leaves by hand. The leaves are then withered to reduce moisture content. Next, the leaves are rolled or twisted to rupture cells and promote oxidation. The leaves then undergo fermentation where enzymes cause oxidation reactions that produce compounds responsible for the color and flavor of black tea. Temperature and humidity are carefully controlled during fermentation. The leaves are then dried and processed into various tea products.

2. Introduction to Tea
Tea is a natural beverage brewed from the leaves of an evergreen plant called
“Camellia Sinensis.”
The second emperor of China, Shen Nung, discovers tea when tea leaves blow into his
cup of hot water.
In 1824 the first tea plant was brought by British from China & planted in the Royal
Botanical Gardens in Peradeniya.
The pioneer of Ceylon Tea industry James Taylor planted the first 19 acres of tea in
“Loolecondra” Estate near to the Kandy.
In present Sri Lanka has become 3rd biggest tea producer in global market.
As a result of that tea become one of major foreign exchanger which contributes to
the economy of Sri Lanka.
And it provides large number of direct & indirect employee opportunities to over one
million people.
Approximately 4% of country land area is covered tea plantation.
Central province, Uva province, Southern province & Sabaragamuwa province are
major tea growing regions in Sri Lanka.
To grow properly tea requires hot, moist climate, temperature ranging from 10 -30
degrees centigrade, Average annual rainfall 200mm & ground level between 600 –
200m above sea level.
Sri Lanka tea manufactures most prefer to produce Black Tea, Green Tea, White Tea
& Oolong Tea.
Drinking tea cause to generate so many benefits to human. They are,
 Reduce the risk of heart diseases, cancers, blood pressures & etc.
 Give relax & energy to the human.
 Higher antioxidant capacity than fruits & vegetables.
 Assist in natural immune
 Response to infection
 Reduce eye fatigue
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3. Rathnayaka Tea (PVT) Ltd.
Rathnayaka Tea PVT LTD one of well-known tea factory, located in South Province
Deniyaya area.
It is a family business of Rathnayaka Family & Mr. A A A. Muhamdiram Rathnayaka
started the Rathnayaka tea factory in 1919.
They mainly produce Black Tea & export to foreign countries like Russia.
They had awarded as “One Star Rating Tea Factory” due to the proper following of
5S‟ concept within the factory.
In present they are in maturity level of their product life cycle.
Rathnayaka tea factory provide job opportunity to more than 250 employees.
They always try to give their maximum contribution economic & social development
of Sri Lanka.
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4. Tea Manufacturing Process
01. Plucking
It is a process of harvesting and collecting tea leaves. Tea plucking
is still conducted in the traditional manner: the tea leaves are
handpicked and gathered into wide baskets on the backs of the tea
pickers. The hand picking ensures that only the best leaves of the tea
plant are collected and used for producing the tea. Before the tea
plucking we have to maintain foliage & tipping. There are mainly
3 types of plucking systems & they are Scale leaf, fish leaf, & single
leaf plucking.
02.Withering
After the plucking those plucked leaves are delivered to the factory
for measure the weight & send to the withering process. The
primary aims of withering are, to reduce the moisture content of
the leaf and to soften it. The tea leaves are spread out on a large
tray of wire mesh, and hot air blowers are used to heat the leaf and
drive the moisture out. Withering duration is dependent on
temperature and humidity and could range from 18 to 24 hours. At
this point, the leaf has become limp and turned into a darker shade
of green.
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5. 03. Rolling
The withered leaves are loaded into rollers where they are twisted by
a mechanical action. The process is carefully monitored so that the
style of the leaf is maintained and overheating does not take place. In
this process the green color of the leaf is replaced by brown coppery
colored texture as the process of rolling under pressure twist the leaf,
rupture the cells and release the natural juices, promoting oxidation
and acceleration of pigmentation. Premium quality green and white
teas are generally manually selected and hand rolled.
04. Fermentation
Fermentation is the process during which the Polyphenols in
the tea leaf are oxidized in presence of the enzymes and
subsequently condensed to form Colored compounds
contributing to the quality attributes of tea. Fermentation starts
immediately after cell rupture. In here pay more attention to
humidity & Temperature.
Temperature
Optimum: 24'C – 29‟C
Factors affecting temperature:
i) Leaf temperatures at the end of green leaf processing,
ii) Thickness of spread
iii) Temperature of air in fermenting room.
Humidity
Optimum: 1‟C – 1.5 „C Hygrometric Difference
Any larger H.D. requires humidification of the room.
Normal method: mist chambers or spray units.
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