This document discusses Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives, specifically focusing on the cognitive domain. It defines taxonomy as the classification of things according to their relationships. In education, taxonomy is used to define and arrange levels of behavior by type and complexity. Educational objectives are divided into three domains: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. The cognitive domain involves knowledge and intellectual skills. It contains six levels of complexity for classifying objectives - from simple recall to evaluation and creation. Examples are provided of writing objectives for lessons on congestive heart failure and newborn care at each of Bloom's six cognitive levels.

1. TAXONOMY OF
EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
Cognitive Domain
Nirmala Roberts
India

2. Taxonomy
• Greek “taxis=arrangement” and “nomos=science”
= Science of arrangements
⌗A scheme of classification used to categorize things
according to how they are related to one another
⌗Psychologists & Educators use it to define and arrange
levels of behaviour according to their type and complexity
= Taxonomy of Educational Objectives

3. Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
⌗Objectives in each domain are placed in a hierarchical form
⌗Behavioural objectives are classified into low, medium and high
levels
⌗Behaviours are listed in the order of Simple behaviours -
moderately difficult - complex behaviours
⌗The concept of the hierarchy - Learners must successfully
achieve behaviours at the lower levels in order to move up the
hierarchy to learn behaviours at the higher level

4. Educational Objectives
are divided into 3 broad domains/ categories…
⌗ Cognitive Domain –
Thought process
⌗Affective domain –
Valuing, attitude and
appreciation
⌗Psychomotor domain –
Manual dexterity
The 3 domains though existing separately, are interdependent

5. 1. THE COGNITIVE DOMAIN
(THE ‘THINKING’ DOMAIN)

6. Learning in the Cognitive Domain..
⌗Involves knowledge and development of intellectual abilities,
mental capacities, understanding and thinking process
⌗Objectives here are divided into 6 levels by complexity of
behaviour –
☆ Ranging from simple to complex…
☆ …On a continuum
⌗The learner successfully achieves the lower level and moves up
to the next

7. The Cognitive Domain
Higher
Order
Lower
Order
Benjamin Bloom Lawrence &
Krathwohl

8. Levels of Objectives in the Cognitive Domain
Revised by Anderson & Krathwohl

9. Cognitive Domain
Level Key words
Recall
(Knowledge)
Observe & recall information - Arrange, define,
describe, match, order, memorize, name, note
Questions – Who, what, when, where?
Understand
(comprehend)
Understand information, grasp meaning
Alter, classify, define in your own words, discuss,
explain, extend, give examples, translate..
Apply Use information, use methods - Calculate, compute,
construct, practice, write an example
Questions – How many, which, what is?

10. Cognitive Domain
Level Key words
Analyze See patterns, organize parts (find connection)
Analyze, appraise, categorize, conclude, contrast, criticize,
diagnose, differentiate..
Evaluate Compare and discriminate ideas
Appraise, choose, certify, criticize, decide, deduce, defend,
discriminate, recommend..
Create
(Synthesis)
Putting parts together in a new form
Assemble, compile, compose, create, improve, synthesize
Questions – What if, how can we improve, what would
happen, how can we solve?

11. 18

12. References
⌗ Basavanthappa B T, Nursing Education, 2nd Ed, Jaypee Bro’s Med pub., N Delhi, 2009,
Pp – 433 – 435
⌗ Bastable S. B, Nurse as Educator, 1st Ed, Jones & Barlett India Pvt ltd., New Delhi,
2020, Pp – 383- 393
⌗ Sharma M C, Textbook of Nursing Education, 1st Ed, Jaypee Bro’s Med pub., N Delhi,
2013, Pp – 41 – 43

14. Practice session
⌗Write educational objectives in the cognitive domain for a lesson
on “Congestive Heart Failure” – in the 6 levels –
At the end of the class, the students are able to
☆ Remember –
☆ Understand –
☆ Apply –
☆ Analyze –
☆ Evaluate –
☆ Create –

15. Practice session
⌗ Write educational objectives in the cognitive domain for a lesson on
“Congestive Heart Failure” – in the 6 levels –
At the end of the class, the students are able to
☆ Remember – Enumerate the c/f of CHF
- Describe the Physiology of heart
☆ Understand – Explain the pathophysiology of CHF
☆ Apply – Discuss the mechanism of action of drugs used for CHF
☆ Analyze – Explain the relationship between LHF & RHV
☆ Evaluate – Compare the Pathophysiology/ cli features of LVH vs
RVH
☆ Create – Prepare a Nursing care plan for a patient with Congestive
Heart Failure

16. Assignment
⌗Write educational objectives in the 6 levels of the cognitive
domain, for a class on “Newborn care” –
1. Remember –
2. Understand –
3. Apply –
4. Analyze –
5. Evaluate –
6. Create –