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Health and Illness.pptx
Health is a multidimensional state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, influenced by factors like genetics, environment, society, and lifestyle, according to the WHO. Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that basic physiological needs must be met before safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization needs, with fulfillment of lower needs motivating progress to higher needs. Dimensions of health include physical, emotional, intellectual, environmental, sociocultural, spiritual, and occupational factors.
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Health and Illness.pptx
- 1. 1. HEALTH &ILLNESS • Concept – Definition of Health & Illness • Dimensions of Health • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Nirmala Roberts India
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- 3. Biomedical concept Health -“Absence of disease” …acc to ”germ theory of disease” Medical profession viewed – Human body as a “machine” Breakdown of the machine Disease Doctor Repairs the machine Role of environment, social and cultural determinants – Not seen Developments in medical & social sciences proved this inadequate
- 4. Ecological concept Health –A dynamic equilibrium between man and his environment …..Imbalance results in disease
- 5. Psychosocial concept Health isalso influenced by social, psychological, cultural, economic and political factors around
- 6. Holistic concept Synthesis ofall the previous concepts A multidimensional process affecting health Emphasis on promotion and protection of health Vocational Spiritual Emotional Physical Financial Social Intellectual Holistic Health
- 7. Definition of Health Health-A state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity - (WHO – 1948)
- 8. Definition of Health Adynamic state, in which the individual adapts to changes in internal and external environments to maintain a state of well being - (Potter & Perry – 2014)
- 9. Definitions… Disease - Apathologic change in structure and/ or function …..SIGN Illness - Response of a person to disease, which is based on the person’s perception….SYMPTOM Wellness (health) - An active state, oriented toward maximizing the potential of the individual
- 10. Health & Illness Arenot static conditions Are vital concepts Are subject to continuous evaluation and change
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- 12. Health is aMultidimensional Concept
- 13. Human Dimensions ofHealth Physical – Genetic inheritance, age, developmental level, race, gender Emotional – Effect of mind on body function and vice versa Intellectual – Cognitive abilities, educational background, past experiences….. Environmental – Housing; sanitation; climate; pollution of air, food and water
- 14. Sociocultural – Economiclevel, lifestyle, family, culture Spiritual – Spiritual beliefs and values Occupational – Nature of job; occupational hazards
- 15. Hierarchy of HumanNeeds - Abraham Maslow (1954)
- 16. Need A necessity -To live a healthy life If not met Dysfunction/ death! Can be objective or subjective Objective needs – food, shelter, sleep Subjective needs – Affection, acceptance, self esteem
- 17. Abraham Maslow (April 1,1908 – Jun 8, 1970) Prof of Psychology, Columbia University Original thinker – focused on +ve qualities of people Wrote about “Motivation and Personality” Motivation theory - A 5 tier model as hierarchical levels in a pyramid Deprivation leads to ‘deficiency needs’ motivation to meet the needs Satisfaction of one tier of needs leads to motivation to meet the higher levels
- 20. Physiological Needs For humansurvival Metabolic needs - Air, water, food, rest Clothing, shelter If not met Body cannot function =Basic ‘animal’ needs
- 21. Safety Needs Once physicalneeds are met, safety needs take over Personal, including emotional Health and well being Financial, job security Safety of property against natural disasters, calamities, wars… Law and order
- 22. Social Needs Need tolove and be loved For a sense of belonging and acceptance Small groups – clubs, office teams, school/ college houses Large groups – Political parties, sports teams, social networking sites
- 23. Esteem Needs To berespected and to respect Sense of contribution, to feel self-valued When low – Low respect of others; need for status, recognition, fame, prestige and attention High – Self respect, need for strength, competence, mastery, self-confidence, independence & freedom
- 24. Self Actualization Needs Whata person can be, they must be An intrinsic growth of what a person already has Growth motivated rather than deficiency motivated Can be reached only after lower order needs are met Without prejudice - Accepts facts spontaneously and focusses problems outside self Happens in <1%
- 25. Maslow’s Theory inMarketing/ Advertising PN – Wife/ child-abuse help-lines; social security benefits, samaritans SN – Home security products, insurance, bank security, schools EN – Cosmetics, fast cars, home improvements, furniture, fashion clothes, drinks, lifestyle products and services
- 27. Revision What is yourconcept of Health? Name the dimensions of Health What is a Need? Describe the Maslows Hierarchy of Human Needs What is the first need according to Maslow? ..the second? …the third? …the fourth? …the fifth and last?