The document provides guidelines for writers on their social and cultural responsibilities when reporting stories. It discusses the importance of being fair, unbiased, and respecting differences. It also outlines 12 rules from the National Union of Journalists' code of conduct that writers should follow, such as obtaining accurate information and avoiding intrusion into people's private lives. The rules aim to guide writers to consider topics like terrorism, race, and disability sensitively and avoid producing material that could incite discrimination or hatred.
The document provides guidelines for writers on their social and cultural responsibilities when reporting stories. It discusses the importance of being fair, unbiased, and respecting differences. It outlines 12 rules from the National Union of Journalists' code of conduct that writers should follow, including striving for accuracy, differentiating facts from opinions, avoiding intrusion or causing harm, and not plagiarizing. The code helps writers avoid producing material that could lead to discrimination or hatred based on attributes like age, gender, race, religion, disability, and sexual orientation.
This document discusses various media ethics issues and concepts of loyalty in journalism. It addresses challenges around deception, plagiarism, fabrication, conflicts of interest, privacy, harming reputations, anonymous sources, and accountability. Models for ethical reasoning are presented, including defining dilemmas, examining alternatives, and justifying decisions. Core values of accuracy, independence, collaboration, fairness and transparency are outlined from the Poynter Institute Code of Ethics. Specific cases of ethical lapses by journalists are also reviewed.
The document discusses various topics related to media ethics including basic ethical standards in media such as accuracy, objectivity, fairness and balance. It also discusses the industry's response to ethical standards through codes of ethics and ombudsmen. Trends in media towards sensationalism and infotainment are discussed as well as the influence of business interests and advertising on media content. Ethical dilemmas related to conflicts of interest, anonymous sources, and checkbook journalism are also summarized.
This document outlines the responsibilities and obligations of journalists according to the National Union of Journalists (NUJ). It discusses the importance of representing people and groups in a fair, unbiased, and truthful manner by using accurate facts rather than opinions. It also covers specific ethical issues journalists should consider, such as privacy, accuracy, defamation, copyright, and representing vulnerable groups like children appropriately. The overall message is that journalists have a duty to report news in a socially responsible way and follow codes of conduct to avoid harming individuals or groups.
This document discusses media ethics and privacy issues related to journalism. It provides definitions of ethics, morality, and privacy. It outlines several codes of ethics for journalists, including truthfulness, accuracy and prohibiting discrimination. The document also discusses the Malaysian Personal Data Protection Act of 2010 and its 7 data protection principles. Examples are given of privacy being misused, such as leaked nude photos of a Malaysian politician in 2009.
This document discusses various principles of journalism including:
- The government cannot censor media prior to publication due to freedom of the press in the 1st Amendment.
- Journalists have freedom to publish quotes including profanity but airing accidental profanity on TV could result in fines.
- Libel laws make it difficult for public figures like politicians to win lawsuits against media.
- Journalists should avoid fabricating stories, plagiarizing, or accepting gifts to maintain independence and integrity.
- The duty of journalists is to seek truth and not pander to sources or be manipulated by PR efforts.
This document discusses ethics in journalism. It defines ethics as character and morality as doing ethics. It discusses two approaches to moral judgment: idealism and relativism. It notes that certain professions, including journalism, have ethical codes and guidelines that members should follow. However, doing ethics in journalism is about individual responsibility and accountability, and making contributions to society through excellent journalism. The document concludes by providing 10 questions journalists should ask themselves to make good ethical decisions.
The document provides guidelines for writers on their social and cultural responsibilities when reporting stories. It discusses the importance of being fair, unbiased, and respecting differences. It outlines 12 rules from the National Union of Journalists' code of conduct that writers should follow, including striving for accuracy, differentiating facts from opinions, avoiding intrusion or causing harm, and not plagiarizing. The code helps writers avoid producing material that could lead to discrimination or hatred based on attributes like age, gender, race, religion, disability, and sexual orientation.
This document discusses various media ethics issues and concepts of loyalty in journalism. It addresses challenges around deception, plagiarism, fabrication, conflicts of interest, privacy, harming reputations, anonymous sources, and accountability. Models for ethical reasoning are presented, including defining dilemmas, examining alternatives, and justifying decisions. Core values of accuracy, independence, collaboration, fairness and transparency are outlined from the Poynter Institute Code of Ethics. Specific cases of ethical lapses by journalists are also reviewed.
The document discusses various topics related to media ethics including basic ethical standards in media such as accuracy, objectivity, fairness and balance. It also discusses the industry's response to ethical standards through codes of ethics and ombudsmen. Trends in media towards sensationalism and infotainment are discussed as well as the influence of business interests and advertising on media content. Ethical dilemmas related to conflicts of interest, anonymous sources, and checkbook journalism are also summarized.
This document outlines the responsibilities and obligations of journalists according to the National Union of Journalists (NUJ). It discusses the importance of representing people and groups in a fair, unbiased, and truthful manner by using accurate facts rather than opinions. It also covers specific ethical issues journalists should consider, such as privacy, accuracy, defamation, copyright, and representing vulnerable groups like children appropriately. The overall message is that journalists have a duty to report news in a socially responsible way and follow codes of conduct to avoid harming individuals or groups.
This document discusses media ethics and privacy issues related to journalism. It provides definitions of ethics, morality, and privacy. It outlines several codes of ethics for journalists, including truthfulness, accuracy and prohibiting discrimination. The document also discusses the Malaysian Personal Data Protection Act of 2010 and its 7 data protection principles. Examples are given of privacy being misused, such as leaked nude photos of a Malaysian politician in 2009.
This document discusses various principles of journalism including:
- The government cannot censor media prior to publication due to freedom of the press in the 1st Amendment.
- Journalists have freedom to publish quotes including profanity but airing accidental profanity on TV could result in fines.
- Libel laws make it difficult for public figures like politicians to win lawsuits against media.
- Journalists should avoid fabricating stories, plagiarizing, or accepting gifts to maintain independence and integrity.
- The duty of journalists is to seek truth and not pander to sources or be manipulated by PR efforts.
This document discusses ethics in journalism. It defines ethics as character and morality as doing ethics. It discusses two approaches to moral judgment: idealism and relativism. It notes that certain professions, including journalism, have ethical codes and guidelines that members should follow. However, doing ethics in journalism is about individual responsibility and accountability, and making contributions to society through excellent journalism. The document concludes by providing 10 questions journalists should ask themselves to make good ethical decisions.
The document discusses several topics related to ethics including the definition of ethics, different types of ethics like work ethics and personal ethics, key principles of ethics in different fields like journalism, entertainment media, and broadcasting. It also outlines some common issues and guidelines regarding truth, privacy, manipulation, stereotypes, trust, impartiality and serving the public interest. Finally, it lists some examples of unethical practices related to digital media like stealing copyright, intercepting private emails, displaying inappropriate content, and misusing private information.
This is an examination of the Journalistic Code of Ethics for the News Gathering Class at Bloomfield College for Spring 2014. The slide presentation was created by Professor Esther Dillard
Public trust in the media has declined, with polls showing only 32% trust media to report accurately and 55% of voters believing journalists are biased against Trump. A study found 90% of journalist donations went to Hillary Clinton, and WikiLeaks emails showed coordination between reporters and Clinton's campaign. While some criticize excessive focus on Clinton's emails, others argue media was too soft on her and sensationalized certain stories to boost sales.
The document discusses ethics in journalism according to the Society of Professional Journalists' Code of Ethics. It outlines 10 fundamental rules for journalists: 1) Don't fabricate information, 2) Don't plagiarize, 3) Use exact quotes accurately, 4) Avoid conflicts of interest, 5) Be fair and neutral, 6) Identify yourself as a journalist, 7) Use anonymous sources sparingly and disclose their identities to editors, 8) Follow recording protocol laws, 9) Admit mistakes promptly, and 10) Have fun. Adhering to these ethical standards helps ensure journalistic integrity and credibility.
The document discusses the power of communication and language. It notes that communication has the ability to influence people greatly, as was seen in Milgram's experiment where people were willing to harm others due to an authority figure. It also discusses how word choice, tone of voice, and body language can significantly impact the delivery of a message and how it is received. The document advocates being aware of biases and evaluating information critically before presenting it to others.
The document discusses various topics relating to media ethics, including the definition of ethics, ethical dilemmas in journalism, and how to address ethical dilemmas. It also covers deception, conflicts of interest, fabrication, theft, harming sources, bias, plagiarism, harming reputations, anonymous sources, fairness, photographing subjects, paparazzi legislation, and how paparazzi operate. Throughout, it provides examples and advice for journalists to consider various ethical issues and make ethical decisions.
The document provides an overview of a training workshop for School Information Officers (SIOs) and technical staff. It discusses the goals of boosting participants' engagement and briefing them on their roles and responsibilities. It also covers defining broadcasting and ethics, exploring whether freedom of expression and the right to information are absolute. Key ethical principles for broadcasting are outlined, including impartiality, independence, serving the public interest, fairness, transparency, and trustworthiness. Unethical and illegal behaviors are also listed. The workshop aims to equip SIOs to facilitate information campaigns in their schools.
The sources discuss cyberbullying from different perspectives:
1) A psychologist supports a bill making cyberbullying a crime, noting its prevalence and harm. However, others question if it should be a priority and if "unplugging" is a solution.
2) A writer argues criminalizing cyberbullying violates free speech rights and the solution is education, not prosecution. Punishing exclusion from online groups is seen as ridiculous.
3) A fact sheet provides statistics indicating cyberbullying negatively impacts many youth.
Bjmc i, dcm, unit-iv, role of media and mediaRai University
The document discusses the concept of media responsibility in a democratic society. It defines three types of responsibility - assigned, contracted, and self-imposed. Assigned responsibility refers to duties given by an authority like a government. Contracted responsibility develops from an implicit agreement between media and society that media will serve societal information needs in exchange for freedom. Self-imposed responsibility comes from journalists committing themselves to high standards. The document argues that media in a democracy have responsibilities to provide information to the public, respect privacy, and avoid harm, which are fulfilled through a combination of these three types of responsibility.
This document discusses various laws and regulations that govern representations and content in the media sector in the UK. It addresses the legal constraints around classifications of words, guidelines from Ofcom and the NUJ on language use, protections for groups of people, requirements for accessibility features on broadcasts, codes of practice for accuracy and avoiding offense, the Broadcasting Act which allowed new channels and radio stations, the Official Secrets Act which makes leaking sensitive information illegal, the Obscene Publications Act around pornographic content, and the Video Recordings Act around film and video classifications. The document provides examples and explanations of how and why these different laws and policies are intended to regulate various aspects of media representations and content.
This document discusses definitions of plagiarism, levels of plagiarism, resources for preventing plagiarism, and perspectives on plagiarism from journalists, journalism schools, and news organizations. It provides examples of newspaper policies with zero tolerance for plagiarism and consequences such as dismissal for committing plagiarism. Advice is given that attribution is important whenever using others' words, facts, or opinions to strengthen credibility.
Enculturation and Acculturation Dynamics within Discourse Surrounding the Exclusion of Manga/Anime from the 2014 Japanese Child Pornography Law Reform
Renato Rivera Rusca
Assistant Professor, Center for International Collaboration,
Meiji University
In this presentation, I will examine the various strains of reasoning and key phrases in debates surrounding calls for further restriction of manga and anime in Japan and abroad in light of law changes banning the possession of child pornography. Law changes, ratified in June 2014, sparked criticism in the English-language media, namely with regards to the exclusion of depictions in manga and anime of characters who appear to be minors engaging in sexual activity. We can attribute this to the enculturated attitude towards the subject matter in the respective societies. For example, it is intriguing to find such typically left-leaning media outlets as The Daily Beast and The Young Turks advocating censorship. This presentation attempts to analyze the language used in these reports, as well as their usage of analogies and methods of framing the issue, and then contextualizes this analysis within the idiosyncrasies of the origin society. I conclude by examining reactionary attitudes within the Japanese media, including an editorial in the Mainichi Shimbun calling for stricter regulation because otherwise “the world will lose its confidence in Japan.”
This document discusses the debate around regulating freedom of speech in the United States. It argues that regulating speech could make the country safer by preventing offensive comments about other religions or races that have led to attacks. However, completely restricting speech could also be problematic. The document examines different views on how much journalists and the media should be accountable for what they publish. In conclusion, it asserts that some regulation of hate speech and blasphemy may help create a safer environment without restricting speech entirely.
This document discusses definitions of plagiarism, levels of plagiarism, and perspectives on plagiarism from students, educators, journalists, and media professionals. It provides definitions of plagiarism from university honor codes and dictionaries. It also examines perspectives on plagiarism from journalism codes of ethics and interviews with journalism professionals, noting that plagiarism has serious consequences, including firing, and must be avoided through proper attribution.
Piers Morgan was fired as editor of the Daily Mirror after publishing photos of alleged British soldier abuse of Iraqi prisoners. An investigation found the photos were staged and put British troops in danger. Morgan refused to apologize and was let go from his position. His deputy Roger Goodman will replace him as editor in the short term.
This document provides initial ideas and development work for the design of an advertising campaign for an energy drink. It includes 5 potential product name ideas and discusses themes, target demographics, and design concepts. Concept development work includes mind maps, copywriting, potential slogans, and storyboard ideas. One idea—"qWake Up"—is developed in more depth, with concepts for the can design explored through multiple iterations refining colors, fonts, and imagery. A flat plan outlines how information would be arranged on the can. The goal is to appeal to a young male demographic interested in extreme sports through provocative advertising implying negative consequences for not using the product.
The document discusses the design elements of tabloid newspapers and magazines. It provides examples and screenshots of tabloid front pages from newspapers like The Sun and Daily Mail. It analyzes the use of fonts, images, headlines, layout and other stylistic choices. The document then explores creating a mock front page for a tabloid newspaper covering the topic of Piers Morgan being fired. It shares the planning and experimentation process, including possible headlines, images and font selections. Finally, it discusses how to adapt the design to a magazine format using examples from Time Magazine.
This marketing plan aims to promote the new folk rock band Glendale and their debut album. The objectives are to develop the band's image and fan base, and sell 2000 albums in the first 2 months and 100,000 albums within two years. The target audience is 23-30 year olds who appreciate folk and rock music. The marketing strategy involves building awareness through radio play, print ads, social media, merchandise, and live performances and festivals. The motivation is to achieve success in the music industry despite the band members' inexperience and older target demographic.
Piers Morgan was fired as editor of the Daily Mirror after refusing to apologize for publishing fake photos that purported to show British soldiers abusing Iraqi prisoners. The photos caused distress and put British troops in danger by being published. An investigation proved the photos were staged. As a result, the Mirror believed it was inappropriate for Morgan to continue as editor given the sensitive situation.
The document discusses different types of leaflets and instruction manuals. It provides examples and analyses of a health information leaflet, a conservation group leaflet, and an instruction manual for assembling a product. The analyses examine typography, formatting, use of images and other design elements. The document emphasizes that instruction manuals and leaflets must be clear, concise, accurate and easy to understand in order to effectively communicate information to target audiences.
This document discusses an experimental photography project exploring the themes of nature and fear. The student began by creating multiple exposure images merging faces into tree bark. They then experimented with 3D effects in Photoshop, creating images that incorporate human body parts like hands into natural landscapes in surreal ways. The student feels they have found clear themes and ideas to develop, and will now focus on taking more relevant photos and improving technical quality as they work to produce a set of high-quality art pieces meeting the project requirements.
The document discusses several topics related to ethics including the definition of ethics, different types of ethics like work ethics and personal ethics, key principles of ethics in different fields like journalism, entertainment media, and broadcasting. It also outlines some common issues and guidelines regarding truth, privacy, manipulation, stereotypes, trust, impartiality and serving the public interest. Finally, it lists some examples of unethical practices related to digital media like stealing copyright, intercepting private emails, displaying inappropriate content, and misusing private information.
This is an examination of the Journalistic Code of Ethics for the News Gathering Class at Bloomfield College for Spring 2014. The slide presentation was created by Professor Esther Dillard
Public trust in the media has declined, with polls showing only 32% trust media to report accurately and 55% of voters believing journalists are biased against Trump. A study found 90% of journalist donations went to Hillary Clinton, and WikiLeaks emails showed coordination between reporters and Clinton's campaign. While some criticize excessive focus on Clinton's emails, others argue media was too soft on her and sensationalized certain stories to boost sales.
The document discusses ethics in journalism according to the Society of Professional Journalists' Code of Ethics. It outlines 10 fundamental rules for journalists: 1) Don't fabricate information, 2) Don't plagiarize, 3) Use exact quotes accurately, 4) Avoid conflicts of interest, 5) Be fair and neutral, 6) Identify yourself as a journalist, 7) Use anonymous sources sparingly and disclose their identities to editors, 8) Follow recording protocol laws, 9) Admit mistakes promptly, and 10) Have fun. Adhering to these ethical standards helps ensure journalistic integrity and credibility.
The document discusses the power of communication and language. It notes that communication has the ability to influence people greatly, as was seen in Milgram's experiment where people were willing to harm others due to an authority figure. It also discusses how word choice, tone of voice, and body language can significantly impact the delivery of a message and how it is received. The document advocates being aware of biases and evaluating information critically before presenting it to others.
The document discusses various topics relating to media ethics, including the definition of ethics, ethical dilemmas in journalism, and how to address ethical dilemmas. It also covers deception, conflicts of interest, fabrication, theft, harming sources, bias, plagiarism, harming reputations, anonymous sources, fairness, photographing subjects, paparazzi legislation, and how paparazzi operate. Throughout, it provides examples and advice for journalists to consider various ethical issues and make ethical decisions.
The document provides an overview of a training workshop for School Information Officers (SIOs) and technical staff. It discusses the goals of boosting participants' engagement and briefing them on their roles and responsibilities. It also covers defining broadcasting and ethics, exploring whether freedom of expression and the right to information are absolute. Key ethical principles for broadcasting are outlined, including impartiality, independence, serving the public interest, fairness, transparency, and trustworthiness. Unethical and illegal behaviors are also listed. The workshop aims to equip SIOs to facilitate information campaigns in their schools.
The sources discuss cyberbullying from different perspectives:
1) A psychologist supports a bill making cyberbullying a crime, noting its prevalence and harm. However, others question if it should be a priority and if "unplugging" is a solution.
2) A writer argues criminalizing cyberbullying violates free speech rights and the solution is education, not prosecution. Punishing exclusion from online groups is seen as ridiculous.
3) A fact sheet provides statistics indicating cyberbullying negatively impacts many youth.
Bjmc i, dcm, unit-iv, role of media and mediaRai University
The document discusses the concept of media responsibility in a democratic society. It defines three types of responsibility - assigned, contracted, and self-imposed. Assigned responsibility refers to duties given by an authority like a government. Contracted responsibility develops from an implicit agreement between media and society that media will serve societal information needs in exchange for freedom. Self-imposed responsibility comes from journalists committing themselves to high standards. The document argues that media in a democracy have responsibilities to provide information to the public, respect privacy, and avoid harm, which are fulfilled through a combination of these three types of responsibility.
This document discusses various laws and regulations that govern representations and content in the media sector in the UK. It addresses the legal constraints around classifications of words, guidelines from Ofcom and the NUJ on language use, protections for groups of people, requirements for accessibility features on broadcasts, codes of practice for accuracy and avoiding offense, the Broadcasting Act which allowed new channels and radio stations, the Official Secrets Act which makes leaking sensitive information illegal, the Obscene Publications Act around pornographic content, and the Video Recordings Act around film and video classifications. The document provides examples and explanations of how and why these different laws and policies are intended to regulate various aspects of media representations and content.
This document discusses definitions of plagiarism, levels of plagiarism, resources for preventing plagiarism, and perspectives on plagiarism from journalists, journalism schools, and news organizations. It provides examples of newspaper policies with zero tolerance for plagiarism and consequences such as dismissal for committing plagiarism. Advice is given that attribution is important whenever using others' words, facts, or opinions to strengthen credibility.
Enculturation and Acculturation Dynamics within Discourse Surrounding the Exclusion of Manga/Anime from the 2014 Japanese Child Pornography Law Reform
Renato Rivera Rusca
Assistant Professor, Center for International Collaboration,
Meiji University
In this presentation, I will examine the various strains of reasoning and key phrases in debates surrounding calls for further restriction of manga and anime in Japan and abroad in light of law changes banning the possession of child pornography. Law changes, ratified in June 2014, sparked criticism in the English-language media, namely with regards to the exclusion of depictions in manga and anime of characters who appear to be minors engaging in sexual activity. We can attribute this to the enculturated attitude towards the subject matter in the respective societies. For example, it is intriguing to find such typically left-leaning media outlets as The Daily Beast and The Young Turks advocating censorship. This presentation attempts to analyze the language used in these reports, as well as their usage of analogies and methods of framing the issue, and then contextualizes this analysis within the idiosyncrasies of the origin society. I conclude by examining reactionary attitudes within the Japanese media, including an editorial in the Mainichi Shimbun calling for stricter regulation because otherwise “the world will lose its confidence in Japan.”
This document discusses the debate around regulating freedom of speech in the United States. It argues that regulating speech could make the country safer by preventing offensive comments about other religions or races that have led to attacks. However, completely restricting speech could also be problematic. The document examines different views on how much journalists and the media should be accountable for what they publish. In conclusion, it asserts that some regulation of hate speech and blasphemy may help create a safer environment without restricting speech entirely.
This document discusses definitions of plagiarism, levels of plagiarism, and perspectives on plagiarism from students, educators, journalists, and media professionals. It provides definitions of plagiarism from university honor codes and dictionaries. It also examines perspectives on plagiarism from journalism codes of ethics and interviews with journalism professionals, noting that plagiarism has serious consequences, including firing, and must be avoided through proper attribution.
Piers Morgan was fired as editor of the Daily Mirror after publishing photos of alleged British soldier abuse of Iraqi prisoners. An investigation found the photos were staged and put British troops in danger. Morgan refused to apologize and was let go from his position. His deputy Roger Goodman will replace him as editor in the short term.
This document provides initial ideas and development work for the design of an advertising campaign for an energy drink. It includes 5 potential product name ideas and discusses themes, target demographics, and design concepts. Concept development work includes mind maps, copywriting, potential slogans, and storyboard ideas. One idea—"qWake Up"—is developed in more depth, with concepts for the can design explored through multiple iterations refining colors, fonts, and imagery. A flat plan outlines how information would be arranged on the can. The goal is to appeal to a young male demographic interested in extreme sports through provocative advertising implying negative consequences for not using the product.
The document discusses the design elements of tabloid newspapers and magazines. It provides examples and screenshots of tabloid front pages from newspapers like The Sun and Daily Mail. It analyzes the use of fonts, images, headlines, layout and other stylistic choices. The document then explores creating a mock front page for a tabloid newspaper covering the topic of Piers Morgan being fired. It shares the planning and experimentation process, including possible headlines, images and font selections. Finally, it discusses how to adapt the design to a magazine format using examples from Time Magazine.
This marketing plan aims to promote the new folk rock band Glendale and their debut album. The objectives are to develop the band's image and fan base, and sell 2000 albums in the first 2 months and 100,000 albums within two years. The target audience is 23-30 year olds who appreciate folk and rock music. The marketing strategy involves building awareness through radio play, print ads, social media, merchandise, and live performances and festivals. The motivation is to achieve success in the music industry despite the band members' inexperience and older target demographic.
Piers Morgan was fired as editor of the Daily Mirror after refusing to apologize for publishing fake photos that purported to show British soldiers abusing Iraqi prisoners. The photos caused distress and put British troops in danger by being published. An investigation proved the photos were staged. As a result, the Mirror believed it was inappropriate for Morgan to continue as editor given the sensitive situation.
The document discusses different types of leaflets and instruction manuals. It provides examples and analyses of a health information leaflet, a conservation group leaflet, and an instruction manual for assembling a product. The analyses examine typography, formatting, use of images and other design elements. The document emphasizes that instruction manuals and leaflets must be clear, concise, accurate and easy to understand in order to effectively communicate information to target audiences.
This document discusses an experimental photography project exploring the themes of nature and fear. The student began by creating multiple exposure images merging faces into tree bark. They then experimented with 3D effects in Photoshop, creating images that incorporate human body parts like hands into natural landscapes in surreal ways. The student feels they have found clear themes and ideas to develop, and will now focus on taking more relevant photos and improving technical quality as they work to produce a set of high-quality art pieces meeting the project requirements.
This document provides initial ideas, mind maps, and design development for the packaging of an energy drink. Five initial drink name ideas are presented: qWake Up, Improvise, Limitless, Limbo, and Life Line. qWake Up is selected for further development. Mind maps explore the target demographic of young males interested in extreme sports and the theme of natural disasters. Slogans, scripts, and branding elements like fonts, colors, and imagery are developed with the goal of appealing to this target group through ideas of danger and energy boosts needed for sports. Multiple packaging design concepts are presented incorporating the drink name, fonts, and images meant to imply risk and reward through the product.
Piers Morgan has long been accused of involvement in phone hacking as the former editor of British tabloids Daily Mirror and News of the World. Multiple witnesses have testified that Morgan outlined phone hacking techniques and boasted of using them to source stories. While Morgan denies any involvement, evidence suggests widespread phone hacking occurred at the newspapers during his time as editor. The police investigations into Morgan have been ongoing for years, and more victims are continuing to come forward, yet he still maintains his innocence despite clear contradictions in his own accounts.
This marketing plan aims to promote the new folk rock band Glendale and their debut album. The objectives are to develop the band's image and fan base, and sell 2000 albums in the first 2 months and 100,000 albums within two years. The target audience is 23-30 year olds who appreciate folk and rock music. The marketing strategy involves building awareness through radio, print media, social media, merchandise, and live performances and festivals to attract this audience and meet sales goals. Motivation comes from the band members' desire to succeed in music after previously working as farmers.
This document provides details of logo and merchandise designs created for an organization called Surfers Against Sewage.
The logo was transformed from an initial idea of an eye and wave to represent looking after the oceans. There were multiple iterations before arriving at the final design. Merchandise ideas included stickers, badges, t-shirts, and hats featuring the logo to appeal to younger audiences. Mood boards and experiments with initial designs were presented to explore ideas for the different products before final production. The goal was to create low-cost, eye-catching merchandise that would promote the organization's message and goals.
Surfers Against Sewage is an environmental charity based in the UK that campaigns to protect oceans, beaches and freshwater waves from plastic pollution and other environmental issues. They organize beach cleans, protests, educational events and political lobbying to raise awareness of the problems caused by waste in the natural environment and push for changes to protect natural spaces for future generations to enjoy. Their goal is a clean, healthy and plastic-free ocean for marine life and coastal communities.
This document provides details of logo and merchandise designs created for Surfers Against Sewage, an organization aimed at protecting oceans. The logo was transformed from an initial eye and wave idea to represent watching over oceans. Multiple logo designs were created and colors from the planning stage were kept. Merchandise ideas include stickers, badges, t-shirts, and hats incorporating the logo to appeal to younger audiences. Mood boards were created to explore themes and products. Experiments were done designing logos for hats and t-shirts as well as sticker and badge concepts. Further t-shirt designs were explored using hands to represent waves and incorporating the hashtag.
The document discusses whether factual writing should contain bias. It argues that factual writing is meant to inform readers without opinion so they can form their own views based on facts. Bias undermines this goal by selectively presenting information that supports one side over others. Examples are given of media outlets like the BBC and The Independent omitting important details or angles in their coverage of events like the Scottish independence referendum and a terrorist attack in Jerusalem in ways that appeared to show bias. The document concludes that factual writing should not contain bias as the media's role is to fully and fairly inform the public without manipulation.
This document summarizes the logo design and merchandise planning process for Surfers Against Sewage. It describes:
1) The finalized logo design which was created through an iterative process of trials and feedback. The logo depicts an eye representing watching over the oceans.
2) Plans for merchandise including t-shirts, stickers, badges, and hats aimed at a young audience. Simplistic, colorful designs are proposed that prominently feature the logo.
3) Experiments with designing the merchandise through mood boards, exploring existing brands, and mockups on Redbubble. Variations of colors, styles and products are tested to engage different demographics.
The document discusses the design elements of tabloid newspapers and magazines. It provides examples and screenshots of tabloid front pages from newspapers like The Sun and Daily Mail. It analyzes the use of fonts, images, headlines, layout and other stylistic choices. The document then explores creating a mock front page for a tabloid newspaper covering the topic of Piers Morgan being fired. It shares the planning and experimentation process, including possible headlines, images and font selections. Finally, it discusses how to adapt the design to a magazine format using examples from Time Magazine.
The document discusses numerous controversies and allegations of unethical behavior surrounding Piers Morgan. It alleges that Morgan has often escaped serious punishment for improper actions like using his media influence for financial gain in stock tips and phone hacking. The author is angered by Morgan repeatedly avoiding responsibility and questions why companies continue to employ someone with such a controversial history of running false stories and breaching codes of conduct. Specific cases discussed include a phone hacking incident, inappropriate headlines, profiting off stock tips, and Morgan's long-running feud with Jeremy Clarkson.
The document discusses whether factual writing should contain bias. It argues that factual writing is meant to inform readers without opinion so they can form their own views based on facts. Bias undermines this goal by selectively presenting information that supports one side over others. Examples are given of media outlets like the BBC and The Independent omitting important details or angles in their coverage of events like the Scottish independence referendum and a terrorist attack in Jerusalem in ways that appeared to show bias. The document concludes that factual writing should not contain bias as the media's role is to fully and fairly inform the public without manipulation.
1. The National Union of Journalists (NUJ) created guidelines for journalists to follow when writing about sensitive topics to avoid causing offense. This was in response to past misrepresentation of certain groups.
2. The NUJ guidelines cover reporting on topics like terrorism, race, asylum/immigration, and disability. Journalists are expected to present information factually and avoid biased opinions that could upset people.
3. The NUJ also has a code of practice that journalists must follow, including upholding media freedom and accuracy. Members can refuse assignments that breach the code while still having union support.
The National Union of Journalists (NUJ) created guidelines to help journalists write appropriately about sensitive topics without causing offense. The NUJ guidelines were developed in response to misrepresentations of certain groups in media. Journalists must follow the NUJ code, which includes 12 rules like ensuring information is accurate, avoiding plagiarism, and not intruding into people's private lives. The guidelines aim to prevent biased or factually incorrect reporting that could sway opinions or upset readers.
The document summarizes various guidelines and ethical standards for journalists as outlined by the National Union of Journalists (NUJ). It discusses principles like accuracy, truthfulness, fairness, privacy, and public interest. The NUJ expects journalists to uphold media freedom, avoid discrimination, correct inaccuracies, and get consent when interviewing children. Photographing people without permission or intruding on private grief would violate codes of ethics. Overall, the document outlines best practices for journalists to follow to produce credible, balanced and ethical reporting.
The National Union of Journalists (NUJ) is the largest union for journalists in the world. It was founded in 1907 and represents journalists across various media. The NUJ protects media freedom and promotes professional standards and ethics for journalists. It has established principles that journalists should uphold, including defending freedom of expression, ensuring accuracy and fairness, avoiding harm, and protecting confidential sources.
The document discusses several important guidelines for journalists to follow in their writing, including being truthful, accurate, and avoiding bias. It notes that journalists must consider alternative perspectives on issues and avoid misrepresenting or unfairly categorizing groups of people. Guidelines created by the National Union of Journalists aim to promote factual, ethical reporting.
The document discusses the guidelines and rules established by the National Union of Journalists (NUJ) for ethical reporting. The NUJ created guidelines to address misrepresentations of certain groups and ensure factual, unbiased reporting. The guidelines cover sensitive topics like terrorism, race, and disability and establish 12 rules for journalists regarding issues like privacy, accuracy, discrimination, and conflicts of interest. Journalists must consider how their writing may be interpreted by different audiences and avoid offensive language or generalizations.
The National Union of Journalists (NUJ) is a union founded in 1907 that represents over 38,000 members. It aims to promote ethical journalism and protect media freedom. The NUJ provides guidelines for journalists on topics like terrorism, race, and disability. It also offers an ethics hotline for journalists to seek advice. The union supports journalists who uphold the NUJ code of conduct.
The document discusses ethical guidelines for journalists produced by the National Union of Journalists (NUJ). It provides guidance on writing about topics like mental health, suicide, benefits, immigration, and minority groups in a way that avoids harm and discrimination. It emphasizes using respectful language and not defining people by attributes like health conditions. The NUJ aims to promote media freedom, accurate information, and ethical standards among its members.
The National Union of Journalists (NUJ) created guidelines to prevent misrepresentation and ensure factual, unbiased reporting. The NUJ guidelines address sensitive topics like terrorism, race, and disability. Journalists who are NUJ members must follow the guidelines and NUJ code of practice when writing. The code aims to uphold media freedom and prevent harmful, inaccurate, unfair or discriminatory information. It also protects journalists' sources and allows them to refuse assignments that breach the code.
Essay Writing Services Legal - The Writing Center.Ashley Gomez
This document provides instructions for using the essay writing service HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment. 5) Request revisions until satisfied with the final product. The service promises original, high-quality content and refunds for plagiarized work.
The document discusses the responsibilities of journalists to report truthfully and avoid bias when writing about sensitive groups. It notes that journalists have social, legal and ethical obligations to represent groups accurately and not in a way that promotes hatred or discrimination. The National Union of Journalists has established guidelines for journalists to follow regarding topics like race, immigration and disability to encourage sensitive writing. However, some headlines still exaggerate or make biased claims that could negatively influence readers' perceptions of certain groups. The document emphasizes that journalists must consider the tone, language and connotations used when discussing sensitive topics.
The document discusses the importance of social and cultural awareness for journalists. It notes that journalists often write about groups they may not be familiar with, so it is important they do not create biased representations. The National Union of Journalists has prepared ethical guidelines for journalists covering topics like terrorism, race, disability, and others. Journalists must consider how their writing may influence readers' perceptions of different groups.
This document discusses guidelines for responsible and ethical journalism from the National Union of Journalists (NUJ). It provides guidance on avoiding biased or harmful representations of groups in writing, and on sensitive topics like mental health, suicide, and immigration. It emphasizes using accurate, truthful language and considering alternative perspectives. Guidelines include avoiding offensive terms for mental illness, not defining people by their conditions, and describing suicide attempts factually rather than with value judgments. The NUJ aims to promote media freedom and ethical standards while protecting journalists' rights.
The document discusses responsible and ethical journalism. It outlines guidelines from the National Union of Journalists (NUJ) for reporting on topics sensitively and without bias or harmful stereotypes. These include guidance on language used for groups like those with mental health issues or who attempt suicide. Journalists are told to avoid terms with negative connotations and consider alternative perspectives to provide balanced coverage. Accuracy, truthfulness, and fairness are also highlighted as important principles for credible reporting. Newspapers may still show political or ideological biases in how certain topics are portrayed.
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The document outlines the responsibilities and obligations of journalists as members of the National Union of Journalists (NUJ). It discusses the importance of representing people and groups accurately and without bias. It also covers issues like privacy, defamation, copyright, and the need for objective, truthful and balanced reporting. The NUJ provides guidelines and support to help journalists uphold high ethical standards in their work.
TOK Sample Essay 1 Francis Crick ScienceCindy Vazquez
Here is a preview of the MLA-formatted paper in 3 paragraphs:
[Paragraph 1]
Devin Wiltz wrote this paper for his History 2223 class taught by Mr. Black on July 29, 2013. The paper discusses the military years of S.L. Stringer and Joseph Forrest Stuart, two former presidents of Porterville Regional County Agricultural High School (PRCAHS) in California. Stringer served as superintendent and president for the first six years of the transition period after PRCAHS became a military school.
[Paragraph 2]
Stuart succeeded Stringer as president in 1932. Notably, Stuart was the first PRCAHS graduate to become president of the school. He had previously returned to
Journalists must be careful when writing about certain groups to avoid bias and misrepresentation. Guidelines from the National Union of Journalists aim to promote ethical, accurate and unbiased writing about sensitive topics. However, some journalists still publish exaggerated or one-sided stories that could increase hatred toward groups. The language used and connotations of words must also be considered to avoid offense or unfair representation.
Journalists must write objectively and without bias to maintain credibility. When writing about groups, they should avoid exaggeration and consider alternative perspectives to portray topics sensitively. Guidelines encourage accurate, balanced coverage but some headlines still promote hatred. Language use and word connotations also influence reader interpretation.
The document contains research and planning for a graphic novel adaptation of Jack and the Beanstalk with a modern twist. It includes exploring layouts, fonts, and content from existing graphic novels for both children and adults. Draft scripts are presented with different dialogue options incorporating more modern language. The proposal outlines plans to create a 4-page graphic novel using photographs edited to look like comic book panels telling the story with humor, such as the giant having an afro. The target audience is identified as 10-15 year olds to make the classic tale appealing again through a twist while keeping the overall story. Schools are identified as a way to market the product to this age group.
The document contains research and planning for a graphic novel adaptation of Jack and the Beanstalk with a modern twist. It includes exploring layouts, fonts, and content from existing graphic novels for both children and adults. Draft script sections modernize the dialogue. The proposal outlines creating a 4-page graphic novel using photographs edited to look like comics. It will target an older audience of 10-15 year olds with humor like the giant having an afro and a guitar being stolen. The goal is to make the classic tale appealing again through a comedic twist.
Charlie, a 0-18 year old male from London, focuses on question 4 where he supports Piers Morgans claims that people who jump in front of trains are “Selfish”. He does not like Morgan but shares Piers Morgan’s opinion on gun crime. He believes that if some people give up guns and a large proportion keep them it does not improve the situation.
Charlie, a 0-18 year old male from London, focuses on question 4 where he supports Piers Morgans claims that people who jump in front of trains are “Selfish”. He does not like Morgan but shares Piers Morgan’s opinion on gun crime. He believes that if some people give up guns and a large proportion keep them it does not improve the situation.
Charlie, a 0-18 year old male from London, focuses on question 4 where he supports Piers Morgans claims that people who jump in front of trains are “Selfish”. He does not like Morgan but shares Piers Morgan’s opinion on gun crime. He believes that if some people give up guns and a large proportion keep them it does not improve the situation.
Piers Morgan has long been accused of involvement in phone hacking as the former editor of British tabloids Daily Mirror and News of the World. Multiple witnesses have testified that Morgan outlined phone hacking techniques and boasted of using them to source stories. While Morgan denies any involvement, evidence suggests widespread phone hacking occurred at the newspapers during his time as editor. The police investigations into Morgan have been ongoing for years, and more victims are continuing to come forward, yet he still maintains his innocence despite clear contradictions in his own accounts.
Piers Morgan has long been accused of involvement in phone hacking as the former editor of British tabloids Daily Mirror and News of the World. Multiple witnesses have testified that Morgan outlined phone hacking techniques and boasted of using them to source stories. While Morgan denies any involvement, evidence suggests widespread phone hacking occurred at the newspapers during his time as editor. The police investigations into Morgan have been ongoing for years, and more victims are continuing to come forward, yet he still maintains his innocence despite clear contradictions in his own accounts.
Piers Morgan has long been accused of involvement in phone hacking as the former editor of British tabloids Daily Mirror and News of the World. Multiple witnesses have testified that Morgan was aware of, and in some cases directly involved in, phone hacking practices during his time as editor. However, Morgan continues to deny any involvement and knowledge of phone hacking at the newspapers he edited, despite significant evidence to the contrary. The allegations against Morgan span decades and involve the hacking of numerous celebrities and victims of crime.
This document appears to be a resubmitted PowerPoint presentation titled "Social Action" created by Alan Smith. The presentation likely discusses topics related to social action or social issues. More context would be needed to provide a more detailed summary of the content or purpose of this resubmitted PowerPoint presentation.
This document appears to be a resubmitted PowerPoint presentation titled "Social Action" created by Alan Smith. The presentation likely discusses topics related to social action or social issues. More context would be needed to provide a more detailed summary of the content or purpose of this resubmitted PowerPoint presentation.
Surfers Against Sewage is an environmental charity based in the United Kingdom that aims to protect oceans, waves, beaches and wildlife. The organization campaigns on issues like water quality, plastic pollution and the impacts of climate change. Surfers Against Sewage also works to bring environmental issues to public attention through education and engaging communities.
The document provides initial ideas and concepts for the design of an energy drink advertising campaign. The first idea, called qWake, uses an earthquake theme to convey that not purchasing the drink will result in a natural disaster. A mock-up design is created featuring a bike jumping over cracks in the ground. Additional ideas target health-conscious consumers with a drink called Improvise or athletes with Limitless. Mood boards and mind maps are used to explore themes, target audiences, and branding elements. Potential slogans, scripts, and product variations are proposed. Font and color scheme options are tested to match different ideas. The final design features layered earthquake imagery and the Richter scale to reinforce the theme while making the drink name stand out
The document provides initial ideas and concepts for the design of five different energy drink products.
Idea 1 is called "qWake" and uses the theme of an earthquake, featuring an image of a bike jumping over cracks in the ground. The target demographic is young male extreme sports enthusiasts.
Idea 2 is called "Improvise" and aims to provide a healthier alternative, targeting health-conscious consumers. The design would use green colors and natural symbols.
Idea 3 is called "Limitless" and targets top athletes, conveying unlimited energy. The design would use bright colors and feature images of athletes using the drink.
Idea 4 is called "Limbo" and targets dark music
The band Glendale is releasing their first album "Illusion is the first of all pleasures" and aims to target an audience aged 23-30 who appreciate folk and rock music. Objectives for the first year include developing the band's image and fan base through album promotion, concerts, and building a reputation. Merchandise like t-shirts and the use of radio, print media, and social media like Facebook and Twitter will be used to promote the band and drive album sales of 2,000 in two months and 40,000 in the first year. The key message is that Glendale produces meaningful music as down-to-earth former farmers who are still connected to their fans.
This document contains a SWOT analysis for a new MP3 player with Spotify integration. The strengths include having a unique product and knowledge of competitors. Weaknesses are a lack of funding and brand power compared to Apple. Opportunities include a growing market and room for expansion. Threats include strong competitors like Apple releasing new products and lack of resources to compete. The analysis examines internal factors like resources and external factors beyond their control like market trends.
Audi focuses its marketing on quality, performance, and luxury targeting middle to higher income individuals. Its advertisements emphasize the vehicle's technology and design without mentioning price. Ford historically focused on price but is shifting to also emphasize quality to appeal to more customers. Both supermarkets ASDA and Marks & Spencer's target different demographics - ASDA focuses solely on low prices to attract cost-conscious customers while Marks & Spencer's stresses quality even if it means higher prices to appeal to image-conscious consumers. Apple emphasizes innovation and quality over price in its marketing to cultivate an exclusive brand image and attract creative customers, unlike HTC which must compete on price due to reputation issues.
The document provides initial ideas and concepts for the design of five different energy drink products.
Idea 1 is called "qWake" and uses the theme of natural disasters like earthquakes. The target audience is young male extreme sports enthusiasts.
Idea 2 is called "Improvise" and aims to provide a healthier alternative energy drink targeting health-conscious consumers, especially young females.
Idea 3 is called "Limitless" and is designed for top athletes seeking endless energy. Its target audience includes both male and female youth sports players.
Idea 4 is called "Limbo" and targets dark music fans seen as aggressive and passionate. Its target audience includes males aged 18-30.
The document evaluates whether the final pieces created are fit for their intended purpose of promoting awareness of environmental issues for Surfers Against Sewage. It summarizes the design process for logos, merchandise like t-shirts and phone cases, and posters. Various designs were explored and refined before final versions were selected that were simple, visually appealing, and professionally represented the client's needs and target youth audience. Comparisons are made to existing client materials to ensure the new designs meet the required standard.
The document evaluates whether the final design pieces created to promote the environmental organization Surfers Against Sewage are fit for their intended purpose. It determines that the purpose of raising awareness of the organization's issues was achieved through the production of a range of fresh, eye-catching designs aimed at a young audience. An initial logo design with an eye in a jar was deemed too complex and not professional enough, so a simplified design with the eye and waves was created instead. Research into the client's existing products helped ensure the new designs would be suitable and approved.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
2. Social and Cultural awareness
To define social awareness it would be that you should know what is socially
acceptable from you in society and you should act in that manner. Cultural awareness
however means that you should know the different cultures reading the newspaper
for example or other media products. You should respect and appreciate the
differences.
Understanding and following these are important when studying to be a journalist
because the way people are presented in your work may form the opinion of the
public reading it. It is vital your work is fair and unbiased.
To learn which aspects in writing you should be very accurate and balanced with, the
NUJ have produced a list that you can follow. Learning this as a trainee of the union
can give you the best possible start.
Terrorism, Race, Asylum and Immigration, HIV, Age, Disability and Suicide are all
part of the guidelines you should follow when reporting on a story given to you.
By following and taking these topics into account when producing your work you
will avoid
any upset within the public reading the media as well as stopping any further
discrimination by adding to the readers beliefs and misconceptions about people in
these categories already.
3. The NUJ's code of conduct was first developed in 1936. The union has an ethics
committee which is responsible for developing the NUJ's policy on ethics and
provides advice for members. The 12 rules set should be followed at all times.
1) At all times upholds and defends the principle of media freedom, the
right of freedom of expression and the right of the public to be informed.
This first point explains the need for the public to be informed. They must be
informed with correct information and not opinion. Opinion can be used, however as
it states about media freedom and expression.
2) Strives to ensure that information disseminated is honestly conveyed,
accurate and fair.
This second point makes it very clear that the information is accurate and fair rather
than you, the journalist making it sound like something it is not to fit in with your
opinion. Honest information should be presented so the reader can make their own
opinion.
3) Does her/his utmost to correct harmful inaccuracies.
This third rule looks into the correction of harmful inaccuracies. These can be in
relation to the guidelines on the previous slide.
4. 4) Differentiates between fact and opinion.
This can often get confusing in articles when writers get very passionate about their topic. It
is important to remain professional and realise that you are providing a service for the public
and they want news not your opinion on it.
5) Obtains material by honest, straightforward and open means, with the exception of
investigations that are both overwhelmingly in the public interest and which involve
evidence that cannot be obtained by straightforward means.
Many of the rules cover the same issues concerning the importance to produce honest,
reliable and straightforward articles that clearly show the difference to what is fact and what
your opinion on the matter is. These rules are to make sure the journalist understands and
abides by them.
6)Does nothing to intrude into anybody’s private life, grief or distress unless justified
by overriding consideration of the public interest.
This covers over harassing people to gather information to produce a good story. This is
wrong. If the public can benefit from you going out of your way to cause grief then it can be
seen as acceptable, however in most cases this is a rule that needs to be followed.
7) Protects the identity of sources who supply information in confidence and material
gathered in the course of her/his work.
It is important that if a source asks not to be mentioned, you respect their wishes and not
include the name as this goes against their right to privacy.
5. 8) Resists threats or any other inducements to influence, distort or suppress
information and takes no unfair personal advantage of information gained in
the course of her/his duties before the information is public knowledge.
Again, this looks over the idea of taking the power of the occupation into your own
advantage. This is wrong, you should be providing information to the public as
they have a right to know and this should be as soon as possible.
If you have the information then you must produce it and inform the public.
9) Produces no material likely to lead to hatred or discrimination on the
grounds of a person’s age, gender, race, colour, creed, legal status,
disability, marital status, or sexual orientation.
All the rules have equal importance, however this one you must make sure you
abide by. Producing material that can lead to discrimination is something that
should not happen. If the reader already has hatred towards one of these groups
then adding to it through the idea of ‘news’ then this can have bad consequences.
The work you produce should avoid any material in relation to disability
or race or any other important aspect. Unless you can portray them in a clear
manner which does not lead to hatred.
6. 10) Does not by way of statement, voice or appearance endorse by advertisement any commercial
product or service save for the promotion of her/his own work or of the medium by which she/he is
employed.
You should not promote you work in any way to get your article or piece out there. Forcing information to
the public is not right. Providing the service should be the public wanting to choose for example the
newspaper you work for over another.
11) A journalist shall normally seek the consent of an appropriate adult when interviewing or
photographing a child for a story about her/his welfare.
This is a very delicate rule and needs to be understood. When working with children your story, it is very
important that a parent or guardian has allowed you to do so.
12) Avoids plagiarism.
This can be a very common factor within the media industry and that of taking credit for someone else’s
work. This is wrong. If you want to include extracts from a piece then you must state clearly where it is from
and by who.
The NUJ code includes a new 'conscience clause’ This states that can refuse to produce work in breach of
the code and will be given the support of their union if they do so.
A good example of the backing towards the clause was from Lord Justice Leveson recently. Sir Brian Henry
Leveson is an English judge, currently the President of the Queen's Bench Division. Leveson chaired
the public inquiry into
the culture, practices and ethics of the British press, prompted by the News of the World phone hacking
affair.
7. In this piece by the NUJ, they are announcing
that their long standing conscience is still
being supported and by the high figure of
Lord Leveson.
This first section is very clear and concise. It
is mentioning about the fact that the union
has been campaigning for years against
employers and that they are ‘delighted’ that
the journalists voices are finally being heard.
The text goes on to explain about Lord
Leveson listening to them and their concerns
however the last paragraph is what caught
the eye.
"It is disappointing that Lord Leveson has
not made recommendations in relation to
media ownership and plurality - it is significant
that the unfolding scandal at News
International happened in a company with a
35.15% share of the market and in a
workplace where the NUJ has been
effectively blocked by Rupert Murdoch for
years.
The report is looking into the idea that the
NUJ can finally start to look up with the
support of big names. The last sentence in
this paragraph is very interesting.
NUJ being blocked by Rupert Murdoch for
years. With this phone hacking scandal there
was no room for the union to take great
action.
8. According to the Oxford Dictionary a Connotation is an idea or feeling which
a word invokes for a person in addition to its literal or primary meaning. For example
the word ‘discipline’ has unhappy connotations of punishment and repression.
A connotation is in fact the opposite to denotation. A connotation is something that is
implied when a word is used, whereas a denotation is the actual definition.
In relation to journalism and the way they produce their work it is important that the correct
words and phrases are used to describe a person. The way in which you describe someone
or something can influence the reader.
The reaction to connotations can be either cultural or emotional. There are positive and
negative connotationsthat feature in pieces of text. For example; Dove meaning peace,
Hollywood meaning fame and Wall street suggesting wealth. With this there must be
negatives as well.
Using words such as Chicken meaning coward or referring to a woman as babe. Mistakes
can easily be made in your work so the NUJ have set more guidelines, this time to set out
what words you should use. There is also a contact number to ask someone who is there to
help.
Examples include; Bum- Homeless, Childish- Childlike, Difficult- Challenging, Fat-
Overweight, Fired- Terminated, Job- Career, Conceited- Self confident. The way you as a
journalist phrase one word can determine how successful you become and how
many people you may anger. You need to make sure that all your work is fair,
Balanced and does not harm any of the readers.
9. 31 percent of headlines and 53 percent of text about asylum across all newspapers has
negative connotations. Is it any wonder why many of the readers are becoming extremely
angry.
In an article by Chitra Nagarajan. ‘How politicians and the media made us hate immigrants’
it is mentioned that the problem is not immigration but socio-economic inequality.
‘Media outlets often inflate or speculate about numbers of asylum seekers, refugees and
immigrants. Newspaper and TV images play into the dominant stereotype of the young
dangerous man breaking into Britain and threatening ‘our’ communities’.
‘Language used to describe immigration is highly hostile across all newspaper types, with
‘illegal’ and ‘bogus’ the most commonly used terms to describe immigrants and asylum
seekers’
‘In addition to mis-reporting, there is also ‘over-reporting’. In 2002, for example, 25 percent
of Daily Mail and 24 percent of Daily Express articles were about asylum’.
This idea of over reporting ties in well with the idea of bias and not balancing articles. These
newspapers such as the Daily Mail and Express make an article to suit their own agenda
and is made in a way to relate to their opinions on the matter.
http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2013/08/we-need-change-very-language-we-use-
talk-about-immigrants
https://www.opendemocracy.net/transformation/chitra-nagarajan/how-politicians-and-media-
made-us-hate-immigrants
10. The NUJ have clear guidelines on all aspects in relation to making sure you are not being offensive in the work you
produce that is a service to he public.
Guidelines on reporting immigration and asylum:
Use the term "immigrant" with caution, it is still wrongly used to describe people born in Britain. Asylum seeker,
refugee or EU migrant worker? Get the terminology right. Asylum seeker is a person who has left their home country as
a political refugee and is seeking asylum in another country.
A refugee is someone who was an asylum seeker but who has now been granted refugee status.
An EU migrant worker is someone who has moved to the UK to work. Their stay in the UK may be temporary or longer
term.
When quoting politicians or public figures, verify if their statements on immigration are factual.
Ask experts who can help set the context and ensure you check details with a reputable source.
Many allegations are made about asylum seekers, ensure you substantiate them, if they are unable to be verified, make
this clear.
Don't use terms such as "bogus", "illegal" or "failed" asylum seeker. If necessary, use "refused" asylum seeker instead. A
fairer term to use for someone who has outstayed their visa is "undocumented" or "irregular".
Don't use emotive, value-laden language, such as "floods" of immigrants. Stick to facts.
These guidelines are very clear and detailed. You must stick to these, if you are not sure at any point during the process of
writing and article. Make sure you ask the union.
In terms of general guidelines you must only include a person's race if relevant. Check that you have it right. Would you
mention race if the person was white?
Do not assume a cultural background from a person's name – check with them or their community. Remember that Black
communities are culturally diverse. Get a full and correct view from representative organisations.
Exercise care, balance and proportionality when covering race relations issues.
https://www.nuj.org.uk/work/nuj-ethics/ The union can help with ethical issues via the NUJ ethics council, ethics helpline
and email support.
11. Alternative readings
When journalists write they have an image in their mind on who the reader will be. It is from this that the language
used may be changed to relate to them as the journalist will see them as sharing the same opinion.
That is not the case. Anybody could pick up the newspaper or magazine and find to be insulted by it. Is from this
that you as the writer needs to make sure that the piece is well balanced, accurate and does not cause any offense.
When looking at producing work to those who you believe share the same ethics and beliefs it is important to look
at Stuart Hall a Jamaican-born cultural theorist and sociologist.
There is a huge amount of detail concerning Hall and what he wrote about. Reception theory is something that can
be relevant towards journalists.
Also known as audience reception, this is when a group of readers have a shared cultural background and
interpret the text in similar ways.
It is likely that the less shared heritage a reader has with the artist, the less he or she will be able to recognise the
artist's intended meaning, and it follows that if two readers have vastly different cultural and personal experiences,
their reading of a text will vary greatly.
From this it explains that the less the person reading about the article knows about the writer the more offended
they will be, this is due to not understanding their meaning behind it. The idea of different cultures is important.
People may not understand the way you have written something as it may be something they have not
experienced before.
This means that as a journalist you must expect people to have never read from this newspaper before and you
must be careful and balanced with every topic as people can interpret things in different ways. Making sure
your article causes no offense is all that can be asked from you.
12. Credibility
The Oxford Dictionary describes credibility as ‘the quality of being believable or worthy of trust’
This is vital for journalists because without the trust of the readers they will find it difficult to believe any piece of text that is written. Once seen as not credible
then journalists will see value on stories go down.
In order to be credible a journalist much follow five aspects. They must be Objective, Accurate, Truthful, Fair and Balanced in all the work they produce.
Objective: Journalists should be impartial for any subject they write about. It is important to avoid having an agenda in your work and you should not include an
article to enhance your beliefs and influence the reader to agree with you. To be credible you must understand how to present information and avoid being
prejudice.
This idea of an agenda is demonstrated well in newspapers. The idea of choosing between left and right wing. Left being papers such as The Independent that are
seen to be very credible, whereas ‘The Sun’ on the right, less so.
To make the point of objectivity the example of ‘The Cook Report’ is a good one. This was a British current affairs television show that featured on ITV from 1987.
This was seen to be a credible source of information as Roger Cook who was behind the show was an BAFTA award winning investigative journalist and
broadcaster.
However, in 2000 ‘News of the World’ (Hugely right wing at the time) published a series of front page allegations claiming that The Cook Report had faked
a number of programmes in which crimes were set up for Roger Cook to solve.
Even though Roger Cook and Members of the production team issued writs for Libel against the former newspaper, their credibility was still damaged
due to the report. This clearly shows how
much influence a paper can have over the public. News of the World demanded an investigation was made by the Independent Television
Commission.
After witnesses for the defense had voluntarily retracted their paid-for testimony, The News of the World reluctantly had to agree with the ITC’s
conclusions and made a statement to that effect in open court.
This idea of paid for testimonies is a perfect example into credibility and the idea of taking part in certain actions to produce something that makes
your investigation look as if it is correct. The News of the world was later investigated and on the 7th July 2011, after 168 years in print they were shut
down due to allegations into the phone hacking scandal.
After the loss of 200 jobs the credibility of the newspaper was completely lost. This newspaper was not objective in its reports over the years and
especially on the accusations surrounding Roger Cook. It is important to not attack people with your agenda and opinions. Base all your work on fact.
13. The next point when looking into how to be seen as credible is that of accuracy. It is very important that all the work you
produce is correct and based on facts and figures you have gathered from reliable sources. To be seen as credible you must
makes sure the basic names, dates, times and quotes are all correct. This may be seen as somewhat of a formality,
however many journalists can get this wrong and the consequences can be huge for those involved.
An example of where distress and harm has been caused by creating articles without checking the source would be:
On 16 September we published an article headed ‘I’ve had Moore women than James Bond’ which claimed that Sir Roger
Moore had recently spoken exclusively to The People and made comments to our journalist about his private life. We now
accept that Sir Roger did not give an interview to our reporter and did not make the comments that were reported in the
headline. We apologise for any distress and embarrassment our article has caused to Sir Roger Moore and we have
agreed to pay him damages and legal costs.
(The Sunday People issuing an apology)
This looks into the idea that a newspaper can just make up a story and without thinking about the people it may cause. The
statement accepts that they did not give an interview with Roger Moore. It is from this where the public may start to realise
how credible the Sunday People is and perhaps look at alternatives.
It is from this where IPSO was created. To deal with complaints. Starting in September 2014 and taking over from the press
complaints commission this regulatory body tries to maintain and measure performance and that journalists follow the
editors code of practice. If they do not then they are set up to deal with issues concerning something published.
The third aspect and perhaps the most important behind being seen as a credible journalist is being able to report the
truth. Without this in the work you produce you could face serious actions taken against you both legal and ethical.
You must make sure you produce fact and actual news rather than your opinion or something made up in order to grab
attention of the reader. Producing false articles and putting words in peoples mouths can lead to your reputation being
ruined but more importantly the person you are wrongly accusing being judged wrongly by the public.
Many journalists do not understand the meaning of being truthful and some often bend ‘facts’ to tie in with what
They are saying about someone or something. As a journalist you have a professional obligation to assemble and verify
facts. Why don’t newspapers tell the truth? They are focused on selling their product rather focusing on facts as these can
often be seen as less exciting.
14. An example of a newspaper being caught out not telling the truth in their work would be from the
London Evening Standard.
In our diary article “Museum finally signs its deal to be fine and dandy” we referred to the exhibition of the
late Sebastian Horsley’s suits at the Museum of London and the Whoresley show, an exhibition of his
pictures at the Outsiders Gallery.
By unfortunate error we referred to Rachel Garley, the late Sebastian Horsley’s girlfriend, who
arranged the exhibitions, as a prostitute.
We accept that Ms Garley is not and has never been a prostitute. We offer our sincere apologies to Ms
Garley for the damage to her reputation and the distress and embarrassment she has suffered as a
result.
“Museum finally signs its deal to be fine and dandy”
Sebastian Horsley is a showpiece now. The Museum of London has just signed a deal with Rachel
Garvey, the prostitute girlfriend of the late Soho dandy, to exhibit 13 of his suits, a number of hats,
shoes, shirts, outfits and umbrellas, as well as his last diary and a cardboard cutout of himself. Horsley,
who died of a drug overdose in 2010, had left his estate to Garvey.
Here above is an extract from the article, higher up is the apology made for the use of the word prostitute.
Stating this without any evidence to back up the claim can have disastrous consequences for everyone.
Rachel Garvey now has to rebuild her reputation whereas the newspaper will need to work very hard to
be seen as credible by many of their readers now.
It is clear this was not truthful and puts the point very clearly. As a journalist you want to build yourself a
good reputation to be known as reliable and trustworthy. Our working journalists who follow the
guidelines set are very established because of it.
15. The last part to being able to say you are a credible journalist is that of being both Fair and balanced in all
that you write. Number 2 in the NUJ Codes of Practice states that you Strive to ensure that information
disseminated is honestly conveyed, accurate and fair.
Being fair involves mentioning both sides to an argument and not just explaining one side to a story to suit
with your own agenda as part of working for a newspaper. It is clear papers are divided between both wings
and from this there are readers who believe certain aspects in the world and therefore purchase a particular
newspaper.
It is important that when working on a piece you can say that you have produced a balanced report, not just
placing the other side to a story near the end of the piece. Overlooking or ignoring one side is not right and
just the same as using facts and figures to sway a story or piece into your opinion. The common way is to use
‘experts’ on articles.
These experts are seen to to legitimise a story. But often the public ignore that these people have their
own opinions on matters. Quoting and using someone who believes with your beliefs as a paper is not
helping to create a balanced story and is not fair.
These “experts” are always members of left-wing. In relation to an abortion case these experts would give
their say on it but they are never identified for their bias. The media has gone out of its way for years to
push the liberal agenda on abortion.
Bias by selection of source. ‘Experts say’ ‘Most people believe’ ‘Observers say’ these are often used in stories to
make them ‘reliable’ they do not. These often never state who this person is quoting on a piece.
The newspaper could have taken them off the street. Just because they are used, it does not make them a
reliable source of information.
Bias by commission looks into the point about being balanced. Papers completely leave out one persons
opinion on a matter to make them look like they are in the wrong and the papers point is backed up by the
other side they mention more than the other.
16. Legal and Ethical Obligations
Defamation (define, use Sheridan example)
Copyright (Define,
Children ( Paul Weller example)
Editor's Notes
I would explain this further in the ‘Alternative Readings’ slide coming up. Show the links and give the trainees the opportunity to write it down. Mention the Newspapers above are both Right wing and how papers can alter a story to tie in with their beliefs.