This document discusses addition reactions, which involve a double bond becoming a single bond by the addition of two groups of atoms. It describes several types of addition reactions: halogenation, hydrogenation, hydrohalogenation, and hydration. Halogenation and hydrohalogenation result in the formation of alkyl halides, while hydrogenation forms alkanes and hydration forms alcohols. The document provides examples of addition reactions and uses the Markovnikov rule to predict product formation.

1. ADDITION REACTIONS

2. Recall: 5 Types of ReactionsRecall: 5 Types of Reactions
1. Condensation Reactions
2. Addition Reactions
3. Substitution Reactions
4. Elimination Reactions
5. Oxidation Reactions
ORGANIC REACTIONS

3. 2. Addition Reactions2. Addition Reactions
These reactions involve a double bond
becoming a single bond by the addition of
two groups of atoms.
H2C=CH2 + XY  H2XC–CYH2
ADDITION REACTIONS

4. a) Halogenation (Br2 or Cl2)
b) Hydrogenation (H2)
c) Hydrohalogenation (HBr or HCl)
d) Hydration (H2O)
Room
temperature
UV light
or heat
Heat,
pressure
H2SO4
ADDITION REACTIONS

5. More VocabularyMore Vocabulary
alkyl group – side-chains of Cs
aryl group – side-chains of phenyl
ADDITION REACTIONS

6. a) Halogenationa) Halogenation
Each C across the double bond receives a
halogen atom.
H2C=CH2 + Cl2 
H2C=CH2 + Br2 
Room
temperature
Room
temperature
H2C CH2
Cl Cl
H2C CH2
Br Br
ADDITION REACTIONS

7. a) Halogenationa) Halogenation
Halogenation results in the formation of an
alkylhalide.
ADDITION REACTIONS

8. b) Hydrogenationb) Hydrogenation
Similar to halogenation, except each C
receives an H.
H2C=CH2 + H2 
HCΞCH + 2 H2 
HCOH + H2 
H3C CH3
Pt
Heat
Pressure
Pt
Heat
Pressure
Catalyst
Heat
Pressure
H3C CH3
CH3OH
ADDITION REACTIONS

9. c) Hydrohalogenationc) Hydrohalogenation
HBr or HCl is added across a double
bond.
H2C=CHCH3 + HCl 
C C C
UV light
or heat
H
H
H
H
Cl
H
H
H C C CH
H
Cl
H
H
H
H
Hor
Which one is the main product?
ADDITION REACTIONS

10. Markovnikov RuleMarkovnikov Rule
The H atom goes on the C that already
contains the greatest number of H’s.
H2C=CHCH3 + HCl  C C CH
H
H
H
Cl
H
H
H
UV light
or heat
ADDITION REACTIONS

11. c) Hydrohalogenationc) Hydrohalogenation
Hydrohalogenation results in the formation
of an alkylhalide.
ADDITION REACTIONS

12. d) Hydrationd) Hydration
This method of addition also follows the
Markovnikov rule.
HCH=CH-CH3 + H2O  C C CH
H
H
H
OH
H
H
H
H2SO4
ADDITION REACTIONS

13. d) Hydrationd) Hydration
Hydration reactions result in the formation
of alcohols.
ADDITION REACTIONS

14. Example #1Example #1
a) CH3CH2CH2C(CH3)=CH2 + H2O 
+ H2O 
H2SO4
OH
Here is the mechanism:
ADDITION REACTIONS

15. Example #1Example #1
b) Draw structural diagrams to
represent an addition reaction of an
alkene to produce 2-chlorobutane.
C C CH
H
H
H
Cl
H
H
C
H
H
HC C CH
H H H
H
C
H
H
H + HCl
ADDITION REACTIONS

16. Example #1Example #1
b) Draw structural diagrams to
represent an addition reaction of an
alkene to produce 2-chlorobutane.
C C CH
H
H
H
Cl
H
H
C
H
H
HC C CH
H H H
H
C
H
H
H + HCl
ADDITION REACTIONS
This works as well

17. HomeworkHomework
p27 #1 - 3
ADDITION REACTIONS