1. ORGANIC REACTIONS

2. ORGANIC REACTIONS

3. ORGANIC REACTIONS
5 Types of Reactions
1. Addition Reactions
2. Substitution Reactions
3. Elimination Reactions
4. Condensation Reactions
5. Oxidation Reactions

4. ADDITION REACTIONS
1. Addition Reactions
These reactions involve a double bond
becoming a single bond by the addition of
two groups of atoms.
H2C=CH2 + XY  H2XC–CYH2

5. ADDITION REACTIONS
a) Halogenation (Br2 or Cl2)
Room
temperature
b) Hydrogenation (H2)
Heat,
pressure
c) Hydrohalogenation (HBr or HCl)
UV light
or heat
d) Hydration (H2O)
H2SO4

6. ADDITION REACTIONS
More Vocabulary
alkyl group – side-chains of Cs
aryl group – side-chains of phenyl

7. ADDITION REACTIONS
a) Halogenation
Each C across the double bond receives a
halogen atom.
Room
Cl Cl
temperature
H2C=CH2 + Cl2  H2C CH2
Room
temperature Br Br
H2C=CH2 + Br2  H2C CH2

8. ADDITION REACTIONS
a) Halogenation
Halogenation results in the formation of an
alkylhalide.

9. ADDITION REACTIONS
b) Hydrogenation
Similar to halogenation, except each C
receives an H.
Pt
H2C=CH2 + H2  H3C CH3
Heat
Pressure
Pt
HCΞCH + 2 H2  H3C CH3
Heat
Pressure
Catalyst
CH3OH
HCOH + H2  Heat
Pressure

10. ADDITION REACTIONS
c) Hydrohalogenation
HBr or HCl is added across a double
bond.
UV light
H2C=CHCH3 + HCl 
or heat
H Cl H Cl H H
H C C C H or H C C C H
H H H H H H
Which one is the main product?

11. ADDITION REACTIONS
Markovnikov Rule
The H atom goes on the C that already
contains the greatest number of H’s.
H Cl H
UV light
H2C=CHCH3 + HCl 
or heat
H C C C H
H H H

12. ADDITION REACTIONS
c) Hydrohalogenation
Hydrohalogenation results in the formation
of an alkylhalide.

13. ADDITION REACTIONS
d) Hydration
This method of addition also follows the
Markovnikov rule.
H2SO4
H OH H
HCH=CH-CH3 + H2O  H C C C H
H H H

14. ADDITION REACTIONS
d) Hydration
Hydration reactions result in the formation
of alcohols.

15. ADDITION REACTIONS
Example #1
a) CH3CH2CH2C(CH3)=CH2 + H2O 
OH
H2SO4
+ H2O 
Here is the mechanism:

16. ADDITION REACTIONS
Example #1
b) Draw structural diagrams to
represent an addition reaction of an
alkene to produce 2-chlorobutane.
H H H Cl H H
H C C C C H + HCl H C C C C H
H H H H H H H H

17. ADDITION REACTIONS
Example #1
b) Draw structural diagrams to
represent an addition reaction of an
alkene to produce 2-chlorobutane.
H H H Cl H H
H C C C C H + HCl H C C C C H
H H H H H H H H
This works as well

18. ADDITION REACTIONS
Homework
p27 #1 - 3