The Taj Mahal was built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan as a mausoleum for his wife Mumtaz Mahal, who died giving birth to their 14th child. Construction began in 1632 and took 22 years to complete, involving over 20,000 workers and 1,000 elephants. The white marble mausoleum was completed in 1653 and is located on the southern bank of the Yamuna River in Agra, India. It is considered an architectural masterpiece and one of the most beautiful buildings in the world.

2. Basic history of Tajmahal:
It is located at agra in Uttarpradesh State. It
was built by shahjahan a mughal emperor
who was head over heels in love with
Munthaj mahal.
In 1631 shahjahan’s favourate wife Munthaj
Mahal(Persian Princess) died by giving
birth to their 14th child.
While Munthaj was on her death bed,
Shahjahan promised her that he would
never remarry and will build the richest
mausoleum over her grave.

3. CONSTRUCTION DETAILS :

4. CONSTRUCTION DETAILS:
The construction of Tajmahal was began
in1632
The architect was Usthad Ahmad lahauri.
Roughly it took 22 years, 22000 workers served
for it, more than 1000 elephants were used for
the transportation of construction materials.
Architecture:Mughal (Combination of Persian,
Islamic and Indian architecture style).
As many as 28 different varieties of semi
precious and precious stones were used to
adorn the Tajmahal with exquisite in lay work.

5. Black marble has been
used to decorate both
the south gateway and
the main mausoleum
with Arabic inscriptions.
Many were involved to
construct Tajmahal like
masons, stone cutters,
Inlayers,carvers,painters,
calligraphers,
domebuilders and other
artisians.

6. The marbIe on the taj mahal is placed using iron screws and there the
problem lies, as long as it is not volatile there is no problem but if any joints
open up and water gets send then the iron will oxidizes and expand up to five
times, then it causes cracks across the monument.

7. To construct tomb they took
15 years, to built minarets ,
mosque, jawab and gateway
took additional 5 years.
The cost of construction
was 32 million rupees.
It was completed in 1653.
Later shahjahan join his
beloved wife, he died of
sickness in 1666 and his
body was placed along with
his wife’s grave.

8. The Tajmahal ‘s four sides are perfectly identical, built using the principles
of self-replication and symmentry in geometry and architecture. But, to
keep the male tomb larger than the female, the two tombs inside are
unequal insize.

9. FOUNDATION OF TAJMAHAL:
The emperor’s engineers came up with a naval plan. They dug hundreds of
wells, each more than 40 feet deep, they fill this wells with gravel and
reinforced them with wooden wheels at regular intervals. These piles bear
the entire weight of the tajmahal.

11. STRUCTURAL
MEASUREMENTS:

12. STRUCTURAL MEASUREMENTS :
The onion dome is lined inside by another dome necessarily
smaller, which is still 35m high from the ground.
The mosque - mausoleum –guest house complex is based on a
platform 300m long by 100m wide, it is raised 7 m from the
gardens.
The architectural design uses the interlocking arabesque concept
(in which each element stands on its own and perfectly
integrates with its main structure).
When we look Taj Mahal from above ,we see that the buildings
that compose it are arranged very regularly.They are like “posed
on a grid “in boxes.

15. CALLIGRAPHY:
Tajmahal always welcomes each of its
visitors with an inscription, written in
beautiful hand writing, on the great gate
that reads “O soul thou art of rest.Return to
the Lord at peace with him and he at peace
with you”. It was Abdul Haq,who created in
1609.
Verses and passages from Quran have
been used as decorative elements
throughout the white marble panels and
exterior of Tajmahal .A number of panels
also bear Abdul Haq’s signature.

16. On the sides of actual tomb of Munthajmahal located in the burial
chamber,99 namesof allah can be found as calligraphic Inscriptions (O
noble, O magnificent,O Unique……).

17. HIGHLIGHTS:
Tajmahal is one of the seven wonders of the world.
A UNESCO world heritage site
Tajmahal is the world’s most spectacular monument that
epitomizes love at par.

18. INTERESTING FACTS:
Some even believe that
this changing pattern of
colors depict different
moods of munthaj.
Most mughal building
generally constructed with
red sand stone but
Tajmahal is actually one of
the first monument
constructed with white
marble of that time.

19. The minarates were built tilting outwards to protect Tajmahal from natural
calamities.

20. There is a small hole on the ceiling
of the main hall perpendicularly
about the tomb stone of munthaj
mahal.
The ASI had to conceal the Taj
during ww-2 with a huge scaffold
to misguide bombers.
The foundation of Tajmahal would
have eroded years if yamuna
wasn’t there. Taj’s foundation is
made of timber.The wood should
weaken overtime and crumble
owing to rot and ruin, but that
didn’t happen. Because the wood
is kept strong and moist by the
Yamuna river.

21. The fountains have a
special feature to ensure
uniform water pressure in
the fountains .The Fountain
pipes were not connected
directly with copper pipes
feeding them.Instead a
copper pot was provided
under each fountain pipe
so that the water first fills
the pot and then only rises
at the same time in the
fountains. The pressure in
the pots is maintained and
so in the fountains.

22. Tajmahal is 5 feet taller than Qutub Minar.
The makers employed an optical trick so
that as you move closer to the gate, the
Taj keeps getting smaller. It seems to
grow bigger as you walk away. The
guides here say when you leave.,you take
the Taj with you in your heart.

23. CONCLUSION :
Despite prevailing controversies, past and present threats
from Indopakwar and environmental pollution,this epitome of
love continuous to shine and attract people from all over the
world.
If we see the list of seven wonders of the world, one
monument remained in the list till now that is none other
than Tajmahal.
As a Indian, we should feel proud because Tajmahal is
located in our india.

24. THANK
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