Islamic Architecture in India: Imperial styleAr. TANIA BERA
The earliest appearance of Islamic architecture in India is referred to as the Imperial style. Indo-Islamic architecture may be divided into few phases starting from the twelfth century to sixteenth century. The sultanate of Delhi was undergone the regular change as five dynasties rose & fell; namely Slave dynasty, Khalji dynasty, Tughluq dynasty, Sayyid & Lodi dynasty.
Islamic Architecture in India: Imperial styleAr. TANIA BERA
The earliest appearance of Islamic architecture in India is referred to as the Imperial style. Indo-Islamic architecture may be divided into few phases starting from the twelfth century to sixteenth century. The sultanate of Delhi was undergone the regular change as five dynasties rose & fell; namely Slave dynasty, Khalji dynasty, Tughluq dynasty, Sayyid & Lodi dynasty.
It is also called as Dravidian architecture
Dravidian architecture (600AD-100AD) is an architectural idiom in Hindu temple architecture that emerged in the southern part of the India
It consists primarily of Hindu temples where the dominating feature is the high gopura or gatehouse
Majority of the existing structures are located in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Telangana.
A temple consisted of -- Vimanas, Gopurams, Mantapams and Chaultries.
Vimana It is the structure over the garbhagriha or inner sanctum in the Hindu temples of South India and Odisha in East India
A vast gateway, which led to different parts of the temple with pillars the length of its path, was known as the Mandapam-the porch.
A Gopuram or gopura is a monumental entrance tower, usually ornate, at the entrance.
A gopuram is usually a tapering oblong in form with ground-level wooden doors, often richly decorated, providing access.
Choultry is a resting place for travelers, visitors to a site, typically linked to Buddhist, Jain and Hindu temples.
In Southern India five kingdoms and empires stamped their influence on architecture during different times.
MUGHAL GARDENS ARE THE GROUP OF GARDENS BUILT BY THE MUGHALS
IN THE ISLAMIC STYLE OF ARCHITECTURE.
TYPICAL FEATURES-
POOLS
FOUNTAINS
CANALS INSIDE THE GARDENS
RIVER FRONT GARDENS THAN FORTRESS GARDENS
MUGHAL GARDENS ARE DIVIDED INTO THREE SECTIONS-
RECTANGULAR PEAL GARDEN
LONG BUTTERFLY GARDEN
CIRCULAR GARDENS
TERRACED GARDEN
It is also called as Dravidian architecture
Dravidian architecture (600AD-100AD) is an architectural idiom in Hindu temple architecture that emerged in the southern part of the India
It consists primarily of Hindu temples where the dominating feature is the high gopura or gatehouse
Majority of the existing structures are located in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Telangana.
A temple consisted of -- Vimanas, Gopurams, Mantapams and Chaultries.
Vimana It is the structure over the garbhagriha or inner sanctum in the Hindu temples of South India and Odisha in East India
A vast gateway, which led to different parts of the temple with pillars the length of its path, was known as the Mandapam-the porch.
A Gopuram or gopura is a monumental entrance tower, usually ornate, at the entrance.
A gopuram is usually a tapering oblong in form with ground-level wooden doors, often richly decorated, providing access.
Choultry is a resting place for travelers, visitors to a site, typically linked to Buddhist, Jain and Hindu temples.
In Southern India five kingdoms and empires stamped their influence on architecture during different times.
MUGHAL GARDENS ARE THE GROUP OF GARDENS BUILT BY THE MUGHALS
IN THE ISLAMIC STYLE OF ARCHITECTURE.
TYPICAL FEATURES-
POOLS
FOUNTAINS
CANALS INSIDE THE GARDENS
RIVER FRONT GARDENS THAN FORTRESS GARDENS
MUGHAL GARDENS ARE DIVIDED INTO THREE SECTIONS-
RECTANGULAR PEAL GARDEN
LONG BUTTERFLY GARDEN
CIRCULAR GARDENS
TERRACED GARDEN
1630’s,the period of Mughal prosperity.Its emperor Shah Jahan was in great grief when his third wife Mumtaz Mahal,a Persian princess died in 1631.Shah Jahan’s grief and the love for his wife traditionally held as an inspiration for Taj Mahal.Hence its construction began in 1632.
Emperor Shah Jahan himself described the
Taj Mahal in these words –
“Should guilty seek asylum here, Like one pardoned, he becomes free from sin.
Should a sinner make his way to this mansion, All his past sins are to be washed away.
The sight of this mansion creates sorrowing sighs;And the sun and the moon shed tears from their eyes.
In this world this edifice has been made; To display thereby the creator's glory”.
The Taj Mahal of Agra is one of the Seven Wonders of the World, for reasons more than just looking magnificent. It's the history of Taj Mahal that adds a soul to its magnificence: a soul that is filled with love, loss, remorse, and love again.
This man was the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, who was head-over-heels in love with Mumtaz Mahal, his dear wife. She was a Muslim Persian princess and he was the son of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir and grandson of Akbar the Great.
It was in the memory of his beloved wife that Shah Jahan built Taj Mahal ,a magnificent monument as a tribute to her.
The construction of Taj Mahal started in the year 1631. Masons, stonecutters, inlayers, carvers, painters, calligraphers, dome-builders and other artisans were requisitioned from the whole of the empire and also from Central Asia and Iran, and it took approximately 22 years to build what we see today. which was brought in from all over India and central Asia. Taj Mahal was finally completed in the year 1653.
Introduction To Ottoman Empire - Arts And ArchitectureMaryamArif28
Forced to evacuate their homes on the plains of Asia by the Mongols, the migrating Turkish tribes converted to Islam during the eighth and ninth centuries. By the tenth century, one of the Turkish tribes, the Seljuks, had become a major power in the Islamic world and embraced a stable life that included Islamic teaching, middle class, and taxation.
The Great Ottoman Architect - Mimar SinanMaryamArif28
Mimar Koca Sinan, the ''Great Architect Sinan'', was born in Anatolia, Turkey in 1489, he died in Istanbul in 1588. Generally, consider the greatest of all Ottoman architects, Sinan's career spanned about fifty years since he was appointed chief royal architect to the Ottoman court by Sultan Suleyman I in 1539
Objects In Islamic Art - Techniques of Early Islamic ArtMaryamArif28
Followings are the objects of early Islamic Art.
Rock-cut crystals.
Cut and engraved Glass.
Millefiori
Stained Glass.
Etched Glass.
Cast Glass.
Tools of Glassmaking.
The Blowpipe.
Explore the multifaceted world of Muntadher Saleh, an Iraqi polymath renowned for his expertise in visual art, writing, design, and pharmacy. This SlideShare delves into his innovative contributions across various disciplines, showcasing his unique ability to blend traditional themes with modern aesthetics. Learn about his impactful artworks, thought-provoking literary pieces, and his vision as a Neo-Pop artist dedicated to raising awareness about Iraq's cultural heritage. Discover why Muntadher Saleh is celebrated as "The Last Polymath" and how his multidisciplinary talents continue to inspire and influence.
Fashionista Chic Couture Maze & Coloring Adventures is a coloring and activity book filled with many maze games and coloring activities designed to delight and engage young fashion enthusiasts. Each page offers a unique blend of fashion-themed mazes and stylish illustrations to color, inspiring creativity and problem-solving skills in children.
Hadj Ounis's most notable work is his sculpture titled "Metamorphosis." This piece showcases Ounis's mastery of form and texture, as he seamlessly combines metal and wood to create a dynamic and visually striking composition. The juxtaposition of the two materials creates a sense of tension and harmony, inviting viewers to contemplate the relationship between nature and industry.
This tutorial offers a step-by-step guide on how to effectively use Pinterest. It covers the basics such as account creation and navigation, as well as advanced techniques including creating eye-catching pins and optimizing your profile. The tutorial also explores collaboration and networking on the platform. With visual illustrations and clear instructions, this tutorial will equip you with the skills to navigate Pinterest confidently and achieve your goals.
1. Taj Mahal - Architecture In India
- November 12, 2020
Historical Background :
• Taj Mahal is a mausoleum complex built by Shah Jahan (1632-1643) in memory of his favorite
wife, Arjumand Banu Begum better known by her title ''Mumtaz Mahal''.
• Construction of the building began shortly after Mumtaz's death.
• Today Taj Mahal is recognized as the most perfect building in the world.
Taj Mahal
Background :
• According to Islamic traditions, a woman that dies during children's birth gains the status of
martyr.
• In 1631 Mumtaz passed away during the birth of her 14th child.
• According to legend, with her dying breath, she secures a promise from her husband to built for
her, a mausoleum more beautiful than any the world had ever seen.
2. • 6 months after the death of his wife, Shah Jahan lays the foundation for a memorial near the
river Jamna near his Palace in Agra.
• To satisfy his Artistic obsessions, vast quantities of white marble are mined from Rajhastahn and
are carried 250 miles to the site of the Taj Mahal.
• The emperor reserves white marble for imperial building only.
• Red stone carted from Dehli.
• 20,000worker who labored over 20 years to build the monument.
Architectural Breakthrough :
• In Indian architecture, the trabeation system was widely used for the construction of temples.
• The Mughal introduce the concept of the arch to India and create very wide interior spaces.
• Although the essential style was Islamic, any of the details are Hindu/Indian.
• The Mughal introduced the use of ceramic tiles and precious stones for inlay work.
Engineering Breakthrough :
• The Taj Mahal was built next to the river Jumna.
• The Mughal Enginner's dug deep wells to below the water surface.
• These wells were filled up with vocals and mortar.
• On top of Well bases, the master builders erected stone columns, linked together by massive
arches.
• This engineering innovation has been protecting the Taj Mahal from the currents of the Jumna
river to date.
Minarets Optical illusion :
• The minarets of the Taj Mahal built to lean slightly outwards.
• Depending on each other, they look perfectly straight.
• This brings a massive advantage.
3. Dome :
• Today we can build a dome-like Taj Mahal using steel frames and other materials.
• The master builders of the Taj Mahal had to solve this problem in stone.
• They Laid stone on stone and built up the stone in rings.
• The dome rises layer by layer.
• The mortar between the stones gives its stability.
Design Components :
Minarets :
The tomb of Shah Jaha's own father provides the model for minarets.
6. Dome :
The dome is inspired by Ulugh Beg Madrasa in Samarkand.
7. Inside Dome
Religious Symbolism :
Taj Mahal is the architectural embodiment of this life and the next according to Islamic belief.
The ground plan represents this duality of life and the afterlife.
The complex is split between its tomb garden and mausoleum.
8. Colour Scheme :
The color scheme of the Taj Mahal is deeply symbolic.
The worldly elements and other buildings are all clad in red stone.
The pure white stands for the Spiritually and faith of the person buried here.
9. The Garden :
The Garden is the heart of the Taj Mahal.
It is an earthly representation of paradise described in the Quran.
The garden is divided into four squares.
10. Chahar Bagh
The channels along the paths represent the river of paradise milk, honey, wine, and water mentioned in
the Quran.
Where the channels meet, there is a pool.
European Influence:
The Taj Mahal itself demonstrates the link between India and Europe.
Technique and Motifs traveled from Europe to adorn the entire interior of the Taj Mahal.
These mosaics of semi-precious stones are called Pietra dura.
11. Pietra Dura
This craft was used to decorate precious places during the renaissance.
This technique directly or indirectly traveled from Italy to India.
Unfortunately, no chronicles record the name of the artist who decorated the Taj Mahal.
Burial Chamber :
The coffin seen in the Mausoleum is only a cenotaph an empty monument.
Mumtaz Mahal lies in a secret marble chamber below the Taj Mahal, where she rests undistributed.
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