CIVIL ENGINEERING STRUCTURE TAJ MAHAL: CONTENT:- INTRODUCTION - GROUND LAYOUT-CONSTRUCTION - COMPONENTS OF TAJ MAHAL-FLOORING PATTERNS - EXTERIOR DESIGN - INTERIOR DESIGN - STORM WATER MANAGEMENT - FACTOR AFFECTING TAJ MAHAL - REFERENCES

1. M.B.E. SOCIETY’S
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
AMBAJOGAI
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
SEMINAR ON CIVIL ENGINEERING STRUCTURE
“TAJMAHAL”
Guided by : Prof. KULKARNI N.K.
Presented by :1)NILESH DESHMANE
2)ANIKET SAWANT
3)SHUBHAM KHADBADE

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 GROUND LAYOUT
 CONSTRUCTION
 COMPONENTS OF TAJ MAHAL
 FLOORING PATTERNS
 EXTERIOR DESIGN
 INTERIOR DESIGN
 STORM WATER MANAGEMENT
 FACTOR AFFECTING TAJ MAHAL
 REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION
 It was built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his fourth wife Mumtaz Mahal.
 The Taj Mahal meaning Crown of the Palace is placed on the south bank of
the Yamuna river in the Indian city of Agra.
 In 2007, it was declared a winner of the New7Wonders of the World (2000–2007)
initiative.
 Taj mahal is widely recognized as The Jewel of Muslim Art in India.

4. GROUND LAYOUT

5. CONSTRUCTION
 The Taj mahal was constructed using materials from all over India and Asia.
 The construction started in 1632 using more than 20,000 workers and finally
completed in the year 1653.
 Over 1,000 elephants were used to transport building materials during the
construction.
 Architect: Ustad Ahmad Lahauri.
 Cost of construction: 32 Million Rupees

6. FOUNDATION OF TAJ MAHAL
WELL FOUNDATION
YAMUNA
RIVER

7. WELL FOUNDATION
 Since the TajMahal was built on the banks of the Yamuna River, the workers
built a Well Foundation.
 The foundation of Taj is made Sal wood which needs constant flow of water to
remain firm and durable.

8. The following Stones are used in the
construction:
 1) Marble  2) Jasper

9. STONES USED IN CONSTRUCTION
 3)JADE  4)TURQUOISE

10. STONES USED IN CONSTRUCTION
 8) LAPIS LAZULI  9) CRYSTAL

11. STONES USED IN CONSTRUCTION
 5) SAPPHIRE  6) CARNELIAN

12. IWANS
GULDASTA
S
MINARET
DOME
CHATTRIS
TOMB
TAJMAHAL
COMPONENTS OF TAJMAHAL

14. The Dome
 The most remarkable part of T
ajmahal.
 Having enormous white onion
shaped dome.
 Located at exact centre of
structure.
 Diameter : 17.7 m (58 ft)
 Height : 24.4 m (80 ft)

15. Finial of the Dome
 It was originally made of gold but was replaced
by a copy made up of gilded bronze in early
19th century.
 It is 220 feet high from the ground level gives
finishing look to the Taj mahal.
 The motif is a hindu symbol with bent lotus
leaves mounted on kalash with coconut on the
top.

16. CHATTRIS
 Having an octagonal base.
 Having small arches on each of the eight sides.
 Having a lotus with a gold finial rising from its summit.
 Taj Mahal “Chattris” flank the main dome from four sides.

17. MINARETS
 The Taj Mahal's minarets detached
from the main tomb.
 Height: 43 m (141 ft).
 Diameter : 5.65 m (18 ft)
 Designed with a slant towards the outward side.
 On the top of the pillar there is an octagonal balcony.

18. IWANS
 By definition, iwans are vaulted spaces covered by three sides and open from one.
 There are eight smaller ones on the front face equally intricately designed.
 The monument has 28 iwans in all, with four main iwans on the four faces of the
structure.
 The other 24 iwans are identical in size with four on each face and two on the
angled sides.

19. GULDASTAS
 Decorated with lotus petals.
 The Guldastas are topped with gold finials.
 They were added to the Taj Mahal purely for beauty.

20. TOMB
 The tomb is the central focus.
 It stands on a square plinth.
 It consists of a symmetrical building with an Iwan.
 Size of Tomb : Approximately (55 m x 55 m) i.e. 180 ft x 180 ft

21. The actual tombs of Mumtaz Mahal and
Shah Jahan in the lower level:

22. FLOORING PATTERNS

23. EXTERIOR DESIGN

24. INTERIOR DESIGN

25. STORM WATER MANAGEMENT:

27. Factors affecting the Taj Mahal:
 Acid rain: (weathering-chipping-cracking-So2-No2)
 Air pollution: (deposition of dust and carbon-containing particles)
 Deforestation: (roads and other infrastructural works)
 Tourists: (humidity, deposition of grime, wearing down the marble floors)
 Polluted Yamuna: (weakening the sal wood)

28. REFERENCES
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahal
 www.history.com/topics/taj-mahal
 https://tajmahal.gov.in/view_taj.html
 https://www.tajmahal.org.uk

29. Any Question?

30. Thank You !