This slide is design for communication and computer students. students can get help from this slide about TCP/IP and protocols of internet. this slide has basic knowledge about TCP and its layers.
In this presentation, we will discuss in details about the TCP/ IP framework, the backbone of every ebusiness.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit:
http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
In this presentation, we will discuss in details about the TCP/ IP framework, the backbone of every ebusiness.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit:
http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
Overview of the FTP protocol.
In the early days of the Internet, applications were mostly restricted to mail transfer (email) and file transfer. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is one of the first standardized protocols for exchanging binary and text files between hosts.
FTP is rather simple in that it uses a TCP connection for exchanging commands and a data transfer TCP connection for the actual file transfer.
In normal FTP operation, the client opens the control connection to the FTP server while it is up to the server to open data connections for each file transfer. With the upcoming firewalls, this scheme proved to pose a problem since firewalls tend to block incoming TCP connections. Thus a passive mode was defined where the client is responsible to open the data connection to the server.
TCP/IP have 5 layers, whereas OSI model have 7 layers in its Model. TCP/IP is known for the secured connection and comunication. I have explained all functions and definitions of layers in TCP/IP Model
Although the OSI reference model is universally recognized, the historical and technical open standard of the Internet is Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
The TCP/IP reference model and the TCP/IP protocol stack make data communication possible between any two computers, anywhere in the world, at nearly the speed of light.
Protocols And IP suite PPT
Contents are
History
TCP/IP Suite Layer
a} Network Interface
b} Internet Layer
c} Transport Layer
d} Application Layer
3.Comparison of OSI and IP
Internet Technology Lectures
network protocols, TCP/IP Model
Lecturer: Saman M. Almufti / Kurdistan Region, Nawroz University
facebook: https://www.facebook.com/saman.malmufti
YouTube Link:https://youtu.be/JgbAWAc0fDs
Power point presentation on osi model.
A good presentation cover all topics.
For any other type of ppt's or pdf's to be created on demand contact -dhawalm8@gmail.com
mob. no-7023419969
Overview of the FTP protocol.
In the early days of the Internet, applications were mostly restricted to mail transfer (email) and file transfer. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is one of the first standardized protocols for exchanging binary and text files between hosts.
FTP is rather simple in that it uses a TCP connection for exchanging commands and a data transfer TCP connection for the actual file transfer.
In normal FTP operation, the client opens the control connection to the FTP server while it is up to the server to open data connections for each file transfer. With the upcoming firewalls, this scheme proved to pose a problem since firewalls tend to block incoming TCP connections. Thus a passive mode was defined where the client is responsible to open the data connection to the server.
TCP/IP have 5 layers, whereas OSI model have 7 layers in its Model. TCP/IP is known for the secured connection and comunication. I have explained all functions and definitions of layers in TCP/IP Model
Although the OSI reference model is universally recognized, the historical and technical open standard of the Internet is Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
The TCP/IP reference model and the TCP/IP protocol stack make data communication possible between any two computers, anywhere in the world, at nearly the speed of light.
Protocols And IP suite PPT
Contents are
History
TCP/IP Suite Layer
a} Network Interface
b} Internet Layer
c} Transport Layer
d} Application Layer
3.Comparison of OSI and IP
Internet Technology Lectures
network protocols, TCP/IP Model
Lecturer: Saman M. Almufti / Kurdistan Region, Nawroz University
facebook: https://www.facebook.com/saman.malmufti
YouTube Link:https://youtu.be/JgbAWAc0fDs
Power point presentation on osi model.
A good presentation cover all topics.
For any other type of ppt's or pdf's to be created on demand contact -dhawalm8@gmail.com
mob. no-7023419969
Full video explained in Hindi
Check youtube channel -
The Avi Security
basic networking concepts is fundamental to a successful career in information technology. Networking technologies underlie all IT activities and a strong comprehension of the hardware and protocols used to create networks is essential to future success. In this training course, you will learn how to configure a workstation to connect to a network, analyze network traffic using a protocol analyzer, examine switch and router configurations, perform basic IPv4 addressing and subnetting, and research network security solutions. basic networking concepts is fundamental to a successful career in information technology. Networking technologies underlie all IT activities and a strong comprehension of the hardware and protocols used to create networks is essential to future success. In this training course, you will learn how to configure a workstation to connect to a network, analyze network traffic using a protocol analyzer, examine switch and router configurations, perform basic IPv4 addressing and subnetting, and research network security solutions.
Basic networking concepts is fundamental to a successful career in information technology. Networking technologies underlie all IT activities and a strong comprehension of the hardware and protocols used to create networks is essential to future success. In this training course, you will learn how to configure a workstation to connect to a network, analyze network traffic using a protocol analyzer, examine switch and router configurations, perform basic IPv4 addressing and subnetting, and research network security solutions.
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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1. PROTOCOL ARCHITECTURE
&
TCP/IP Layers Model
Toufique Ahmed Chandio
BE Computer System Engineering, ME Information Technology
Email: tofiqueahmed700@yahoo.com
1
2. Agenda / Topics
• The Need of Protocol and Architecture
• TCP/IP Protocol Architecture
• TCP Layers
• How TCP/IP Works on internet
2
3. Need of Protocols
When two or more devices connect in such a way that they can share any type of data
like files, folders. So for that, they must have some time of connection between both
devices. There must be a path between both computer either directly or may be via any
type of network. For that few things must be there to make successful exchange of data:
Both computer must be active and able to share data.
Both has the same configuration of communication
If PC one send some data, destination must to active to receive data or vice versa
The file must be in such format that destination will able to receive it and work on it as
per requirement.
It is very much clear from all statements for a successful exchange of data, every
PC must follow all above steps.
Rather we will implement all this logically on each device. The task is broken
into subtask, each will implement separately.
3
4. Need of Protocols
In protocol model, Modules(Subtask) arrange in vertical order and
each layer module perform separately with the coordination with
other layers.
Of course for this purpose, both machines has same layers
architecture to perform successful exchange of data.
The transfer of data is achieved by having peer(corresponding)
layers into a system. These layers communicate with a formatted
of blocks of data that obey some kind of set of rules, known as
“Protocols”.
The main features of Protocol will be in next slide.
4
5. Key Features of Protocol
• Syntax: Concerns the format of the data blocks
• Semantics: Includes control information for coordination and error
handling
• Timing: Includes speed matching and sequencing
In the result after the research and successful experiments of
packet switching by APRANET, TCP/IP was introduced.
5
6. Introduction about TCP/IP
TCP IP was introduced after the successful experiments of ARPA
APRANET, funded by US,
TCP IP has a collection of protocols that has been introduced by IAB
(Internet Activities Board).
In simple, TCP IP consist of three basic components:
1: Application
2: Computers
3: Network
6
7. TCP IP Layers
Keep in mind the concept of data exchange from one computer to
another. For this, TCP IP has 5 layers architecture as below given:
1: Physical Layer
2: Network Access Layer
3: Internet Layer
4: Host-to-Host or Transport Layer
5: Application Layer
7
8. Physical Layer
This Layer deals with physical connection between devices. It is
mainly deals with data transmission and medium by which data
transmits. It is usually concerned with specifying characteristics of
transmission medium, nature of signals, data rate and related
matters.
8
9. Network Access Layer
The network access layer is concerned with the exchange of data
between an end system (server, workstation, etc.) and the
network to which it is attached.
The computer that sends data must provide address with network
of destination so that network routes data to appropriate
destination. The specific software used at this layer depends on
the type of network to be used; different standards have been
developed for circuit switching, packet switching (e.g., frame
relay), LANs (e.g., Ethernet), and others.
The network access layer is concerned with access to and routing
data across a network for two end systems attached to the same
network.
9
10. Internet Layer
When devices are connected with different networks ,
some procedures are applied for successful data
transmission. Data travel through multiple
interconnections networks, this procedure is known as
Internet Layer.
The Internet Protocol IP is used for this purpose to send
data over different routers by multiple networks. A
router is a processor that connects two networks and
whose primary function is to relay data from one
network to the other on its route from the source to the
destination end system.
10
11. Host-to-Host or Transport Layer
It is necessary to ensure that the data receive at destination must
be in same pattern as it were send from source. Keeping that
view, to make sure the mechanisms for providing reliability are
essentially independent of the nature of the applications. Thus, it
makes sense to collect those mechanisms in a common layer
shared by all applications; this is referred to as the host-to-host
layer, or transport layer. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
is the most commonly used protocol to provide this functionality.
11
12. Application Layer
The application layer contains the logic needed to support the
various user applications. For each different type of application,
such as file transfer, a separate module is needed that is peculiar
to that application
12