Pharmacotherapeutics M.Pharmacy Autoimmune disorders Pharmacy Practice ULNAR DEVIATION SWAN NECK DEFORMITY POLY ARTHRALGIA MONRNING STIFFNESS LUPUS NEPHRITTIS SMOKING TOBACCO MUSCULOSKELETAL CARDIOPULMONARY NERVOUS SYSTEM KIDNEY FAILURE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NO CURE DRUG INDUCED LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS NEONATAL LUPUS CUTANEOUS LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS GENETIC INFLUENCE HORMONES ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS CERTAIN MEDICATIONS BUTTERFLY SHAPED RASH ROUND SCALY RASHES RAYNAUD'S PHENOMENON LUMBAR PUNCTURE KIDNEY BIOPSY ARTHROCENTESIS OSTEOPOROSIS HYPPERTENSION ALOPECIA CUTANEOUS VASCULAR LESIONS ORAL/NASOPHARAYNGEAL ULCERS ANTIPHOSPHOSPHOID SYNDROME LUNG DISEASE TACHYPNEA SUB LUXATION WITH HYPERLAXITY OF JOINTS PLURISY CONGNITIVE DYSFUNTION PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY GENERALIZED /FOCAL SEIZURES CORTICOSTEROIDS NSAIDS

1. PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS-I
SYSTEMIC LUPUS
ERYTHEMATOUS
BY:- MALINI.R
M.PHARMACY- 1st year
PHARMACY PRACTICE

2. CONTENTS
• Systemic Lupus Erythematous
• Definition
• Causes
• Types of lupus
• Etiology
• Pathophysiology
• Signs and symptoms
• Diagnosis
• complications
• Clinical manifestation
• Treatment
• Prevention
• references

3. What is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus?
• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease the
immune system attacks its own tissues, causing widespread
inflammation and tissue damage in the affected organs.
• In this disease, the immune system of the body mistakenly attacks
healthy tissue.
• It can affects the joints, skin, brain, lungs, kidneys, and blood vessels.
• There is no cure for lupus, but medical interventions and lifestyle
changes can help control it.

4. WHAT CAUSES SYSTEMIC LUPUS
ERYTHEMATOSUS?
• The causes of SLE are unknown, but are believed to be linked to
environmental, genetic, and hormonal factors.
• More than 90% of cases of SLE occur in women, frequently starting at
childbearing age.
• Women ages 15 to 44 and certain ethnic groups—including African
American, Asian American, Hispanics/Latino, and Native American—
are at higher risk for developing SLE than the rest of the population.

6. ETIOLOGY
• ETIOLOGY IS UNKNOWN
• MOST PROBABLE CAUSES:-
GENETIC INFLUENCE
HORMONES
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
CERTAIN MEDICATIONS

7. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

8. Signs and symptoms
• The signs and symptoms of lupus that you experience will depend on
which body systems are affected by the disease.
• The most common signs and symptoms include:
• Fatigue
• Fever
• Joint pain, stiffness
• Butterfly-shaped rash on the face that covers the cheeks and
bridge of the nose or rashes elsewhere on the body.
• Fingers and toes that turn white or blue when exposed to cold
or during stressful periods.

9. • Shortness of breath
• Chest pain
• Dry eyes
• Headaches, confusion and memory loss.
• Swollen glands.
• Swelling in the legs or around the eyes.
• Pain when breathing deeply or lying down, from inflammation of the
lining around the lungs or heart.
• Headaches, dizziness, depression, confusion, or seizures.
• Abdominal pain.

10. • Round scaly rashes that can
appear anywhere on the body.
• Sensitivity to the sun that may
cause a rash.
• Hair loss.
• Sores, which are usually
painless, in the nose and mouth
(most often on the roof of the
mouth).
• Change of color in the fingers
and toes – blue-purplish, white,
or red – from cold and
stress.(Raynaud’s
phenomenon).

12. DIAGNOSIS
• 2019 update of the Joint European League Against Rheumatism and European Renal
Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA)
recommendations for the management of lupus nephritis.
• Laboratory studies used in the diagnosis of SLE are as follows:
• CBC with differential
• Serum creatinine
• Urinalysis with microscopy
• ESR or CRP level
• Complement levels
• Liver function tests
• Creatine kinase assay
• Spot protein/spot creatinine ratio
• Autoantibody tests
• Imaging studies

13. • The following imaging studies may be used to evaluate patients with suspected
SLE:
• Joint radiography
• Chest radiography and chest CT scanning
• Echocardiography
• Brain MRI/MRA
• Cardiac MRI
• Procedures that may be performed in patients with suspected SLE include the
following:
• Arthrocentesis
• Lumbar puncture
• Kidney biopsy

14. SEVERITY OF LUPUS
• The severity of lupus varies from
mild to life-threatening. After
many years of having lupus,
patients may develop:

15. COMPLICATIONS OF LUPUS
• Osteoporosis (especially in those who are treated with corticosteroids)
• hypertension (high blood pressure)
• kidney failure
• atherosclerosis (also known as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease)
• forms of heart and lung diseases
• In addition, a significant number of lupus patients also have the
antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) associated with antiphospholipid syndrome.

16. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
• DERMATOLOGIC
• ORAL/NASOPHARY
NGEAL ULCERS
• CUTANEOUS
VASCULAR LESIONS
• ALOPECIA
• BUTTERFLY RASH

17. MUSCULOSKELETAL
POLY ARTHRALGIA
WITH MORNING
STIFFNESS
SWAN NECK
DEFORMITY
ULNAR DEVIATION
SUB LUXATION
WITH HYPERLAXITY
OF JOINTS

18. CARDIOPULMONARY
TACHYPNEA
PLEURISY
DYSRHYTHMIAS
PERICARDITIS

19. NERVOUS SYSTEM
GENERALIZED/
FOCAL SEIZURES
PERIPHERAL
NEUROPATHY
COGNITIVE
DYSFUNCTION

20. RENAL
• LUPUS NEPHRITIS

21. PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT

23. NON-
PHARMACOLOGICAL
TRATMENT

24. PREVENTION
• No way to prevent lupus.
• But people who smoke may be more prone to get LUPUS.
• AVOID SMOKING and other TOBACCO products to decrease the risk.

25. REFERENCES
• https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000435.htm
• https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/332244-
overview
• https://www.lupus.org/resources/what-is-systemic-
lupus-erythematosus-sle
• https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/lupus/
• https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/103
• https://www.hss.edu/condition-list_lupus-sle.asp
• https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/lupus/symptoms-causes/syc-20365789
• ttps://www.slideshare.net/GAMANDEEP/sle
-ppt-67364877