This document discusses nursing care of elderly patients. It notes that gerontological nursing aims to promote independence and dignity for older adults. A comprehensive assessment evaluates medical history, function, cognition, social support, and activities of daily living. The nursing plan prioritizes goals like control, safety and stress reduction. Implementation focuses on rehabilitation, assistive devices, medication management, depression, sleep, safety, and community support. Evaluation assesses changes in function, symptoms, and patient/caregiver perceptions of care effectiveness.
medical surgical nursing , nursing care of elderly patient with disease conditions and different care given to them,it contain introduction , definition, nursing care, patient teaching, diet management, research.
Role of Child Health Nurse in caring of Hospital ChildAlka Singh
Subject : Child Health Nursing. Topic : Role Of Child Health Nurse In Child care at Hospital, Nursing Diagnosis, Various Measures to make hospital Child Friendly, Nurses Role in Care Of Toddlers, Infants, School Children, Adolescent.
medical surgical nursing , nursing care of elderly patient with disease conditions and different care given to them,it contain introduction , definition, nursing care, patient teaching, diet management, research.
Role of Child Health Nurse in caring of Hospital ChildAlka Singh
Subject : Child Health Nursing. Topic : Role Of Child Health Nurse In Child care at Hospital, Nursing Diagnosis, Various Measures to make hospital Child Friendly, Nurses Role in Care Of Toddlers, Infants, School Children, Adolescent.
Nature and scope of meantal health nursing - Presented By Mohammed Haroon Ra...Haroon Rashid
Subject - Mental Health Nursing and topic is Nature and Scope of Mental health nursing , Presented by Mohammed Haroon Rashid, Basic B.Sc Nursing 3rd Year in Florence College of Nursing
if you like this kindly give your comment and share to others for a education purpose. and follow to my account on slide share to know the update. i tried to give the all information in this slide in detailed. in hope its helpful for you all.
Nature and scope of meantal health nursing - Presented By Mohammed Haroon Ra...Haroon Rashid
Subject - Mental Health Nursing and topic is Nature and Scope of Mental health nursing , Presented by Mohammed Haroon Rashid, Basic B.Sc Nursing 3rd Year in Florence College of Nursing
if you like this kindly give your comment and share to others for a education purpose. and follow to my account on slide share to know the update. i tried to give the all information in this slide in detailed. in hope its helpful for you all.
palliative care presented by sambu cheruiyot clinical nutritionist in kapkate...cheruiyot sambu
currently we need to understand the role of palliative care in our patients. kapkatet hospital have strongly participated in provision of palliative services. come and witness the strong team willing to help the community.
Psychosocial rehabilitation is the process that facilitates opportunities for persons with chronic mental illness to reach their optimal level of independent functioning in society and for improving their quality of life.
UNIT-VII REHABILITATION M.SC II YEAR.pptxanjalatchi
he action of restoring someone to health or normal life through training and therapy after imprisonment, addiction, or illness.
"she underwent rehabilitation and was walking within three weeks"
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
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Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
2. INTRODUCTION
•Gerontologic nursing is the care of older adults based on the
specialty body of knowledge of gerontology and nursing.
•Care of older adults is complex and presents challenges that require
skilled assessment and creative nursing interventions specially for
this population.
•The goal for gerontologic nursing include:-
1- Promoting and maintaining functional status
2- Helping older adults to identify and use their strengths to achieve
optimal independence.
•The nurse helps the older person to maintain dignity and maximum
autonomy despite physical, social, and psychological losses.
3. CARE OF OLDER ADULTS INCLUDE
A. Nursing assessment
B. Planning
C. Nursing implementation
D. Evaluation
4. A- NURSING ASSESSMENT
Pre Assessment-
Before beginning the assessment process, first attend to
primary needs.
For example, make certain that the patient is comfortable and
does not need to urinate.
Place all assistive devices, such as glasses and hearing aids,
within reach.
Evaluate your patient’s level of fatigue and stop the interview if
necessary.
Allow adequate time to offer information to the patient and
time for the patient to respond to questions. Interview both the
older adult and his or her family or caregivers.
5. The focus of a comprehensive geriatric assessment is to
determine appropriate interventions to maintain and enhance
the functional abilities of older adults.
Comprehensive geriatric assessment is interdisciplinary and, at
a minimum, includes
a) The medical history,
b) Physical examination,
c) Functional assessment,
d) Medication review,
e) Cognitive and mood evaluation (Mental Status examination),
f) Social resources,
g) Assessment of ADLs and IADLs (Activities of daily living;
instrumental activities of daily living)
6. B- NURSING PLANNING
When setting goals with older adults, it is helpful to
identify their strengths and abilities.
Include caregivers in planning.
Priority goals for older adults might include
1. Gaining a sense of control,
2. Feeling safe,
3. And reducing stress.
7. C- NURSING IMPLEMENTATION
Nursing implementation focuses on-
1. Rehabilitation
2. Assistive Devices
3. Medication Use
4. Depression management
5. Sleep
6. Safety
7. Community Support Services
8. Hospice Services
8. 1- REHABILITATION
•Rehabilitation aims to enhance and restore functional ability and
quality of life to those with physical impairments or disabilities.
•The goal of rehabilitation is to help older adults adapt to or recover
from disability.
•Rehabilitation may occur in acute inpatient rehabilitation or long-
term care settings.
•Older adults with chronic conditions, such as stroke, arthritis, and
heart disease, have increased risk of becoming functionally limited.
•Reducing disability through geriatric rehabilitation is important to
the quality of life of older adults.
9. 2- ASSISTIVE DEVICES
•Consider the use of assistive devices as interventions for
older adults.
•Using appropriate assistive devices such as dentures,
glasses, hearing aids, walkers, wheelchairs, adult briefs or
protectors, adaptive utensils, elevated toilet seats, and skin
protective devices can decrease disability.
•Include these tools and devices in the older adult’s care
plan when appropriate, and provide instruction in the
proper use of the devices.
10. 3- SAFETY
Safety is crucial in the health maintenance of older adults.
When compared to younger adults, older adults are at higher risk for
accidents because of normal sensory changes, slowed reaction time,
decreased thermal and pain sensitivity, changes in gait and balance,
and medication effects.
The Nurse can provide valuable counsel regarding environmental
changes, which may improve safety for older adults.
Measures such as colored step strips, tub and toilet grab bars, and
stairway handrails can be effective in “safety-proofing” the living
spaces of older adults. The Nurse can also advocate for home fire and
security alarms.
Uncluttered floor space, railings, and increased lighting and night-
lights are some of the easiest and most practical adaptations
11. 4- MEDICATION USE
Medication use in older adults requires thorough and regular assessment,
care planning, and evaluation.
Nonadherence to medication regimens by older adults is common.
Four of ten older adults are unable to read prescription drug labels, and two
thirds are unable to understand the health information that is provided to
them.
To accurately assess medication use and knowledge, ask older adults to
bring all medications that they take regularly or occasionally to their health
care appointment. The Nurse will then be able to accurately assess all
medications the patient is taking.
Other interventions are:
•Evaluate cognitive function and ensure ability to self-administer medication.
•Encourage the use of written or electronic medication-reminder systems.
12. 5- DEPRESSION
•Depression is not a normal part of aging and it is often an under recognized
problem in older adults.
•Depression is associated with female gender, divorced or separated marital
status, low socioeconomic status, poor social support, and a recent adverse
and unexpected event.
•Encourage older adults who exhibit depressive symptoms to seek treatment.
•Because older adults with depression may feel unworthy, withdrawn, and
isolated, the support of the family or others in encouraging older adults to
seek treatment is important.
•Assist older adult caregivers who exhibit depressive symptoms to seek
medical attention.
13. 6- SLEEP
•Sleep disturbances frequently occur in older people, affecting
more than 50% of adults 65 years of age or older.
•Laboratory screening can help to rule out disease processes
that might be affecting an older person’s ability to sleep at
night.
•If a spouse notes excessive snoring, a sleep study is indicated
to rule out sleep apnea.
•The nurse can recommend prudent sleep hygiene behaviors
such as avoiding daytime napping, eating a light snack before
bedtime, and decreasing the overall time in bed to adjust for
the fewer hours of sleep need.
14. 7-COMMUNITY SUPPORT SERVICES
Many community supports exist that help the older person maintain
independence.
Informal sources of help, such as family, friends, the mail carrier,
church members, and neighbors, can all keep an informal watch.
Area Agencies on Aging perform many community services, including
telephone reassurance, friendly visitors, home repair services, and
home-delivered meals.
15. 8- HOSPICE SERVICES
•Hospice care is a type of care that focuses on the palliation of
a chronically ill, terminally ill or seriously ill patient's symptoms.
•Hospice services are a dignified alternative to the chaos of the acute
care setting when a patient with an end-stage disease is not
expected to live long.
•Hospice is a program of supportive and palliative services for dying
patients and their families that includes physical, psychological,
social, and spiritual dimensions of care.
•Home care and hospice nurses are in a unique position to facilitate
early discussions about a patient’s wishes and goals at the end of
life.
16. D- EVALUATION
The evaluation phase of the nursing process is similar for all patients.
The results of evaluation direct the Nurse to continue the plan of care or
revise as indicated.
Use the following questions to evaluate the effectiveness of care for
older adults.
• Is there an identifiable change in ADLs, IADLs, mental status, or
disease signs and symptoms?
• Does the patient consider his or her health state to be improved?
• Does the patient think the treatment is helpful?
• Do the patient and caregiver think the care is worth the time and cost?
• Can you document positive changes that support the interventions?