Systematic desensitization is a treatment based on counterconditioning anxiety responses by pairing relaxation with anxiety-inducing stimuli in a graded hierarchy. It involves (1) learning relaxation techniques, (2) constructing a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking situations rated on a scale, and (3) pairing relaxation with visualizing the situations while gradually moving up the hierarchy. It is most effective for specific phobias but may encounter problems if items are not properly ordered or induce too much anxiety too quickly. Regular practice is needed for long-term effects.