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SYNTHESIS OF
AQUASOMES
R.SUSHMA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
GEETHANJALI COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
AQUASOMES
• Three layered self assembled structures, containing the particle core
composed of nanocrystalline calcium phosphate or ceramic diamond, and is
covered by a polyhydroxyl oligomeric film to which biochemically active
molecules are adsorbed .
• Aquasomes are spherical 60-300nm particles used for drug and antigen
delivery.
• It was first developed by NIR KOSSOVSKY.
• Aquasomes are called as “ bodies of water ’’
• 1] Their water like properties.
• 2] Protect and preserve fragile biological molecules.
• 3] This property of maintaining conformational integrity as well as high
degree of surface exposure and in targeting of bio-active molecules like
peptide and protein hormones, antigens and genes to specific sites.
• The carbohydrate stabilize nanoparticle of ceramic are known as
“Aquasomes “
SYNTHESIS
• PREPARATION OF THE CORE
• Fabrication of the ceramic core by colloidal precipitation and
sonication.
• CARBOHYDRATE COATING
• Coating by carbohydrate on the surface of ceramic cores.
• Addition of polyhydroxyl oligomer , sonication and then
lyophilization.
• Coating material used are cellobiose, citrate, sucrose and trehalose.
• Immobilization of drug molecule.
• Carbohydrate coating
• The second step involves coating by carbohydrate on the surface of
ceramic cores.
• There are number of processes to enable the carbohydrate (polyhydroxy
oligomers) coating to adsorb epitaxially on to the surface of the Nano
crystalline ceramic cores.
• Process generally detail:
• Addition of poly hydroxy oligomer, To a dispersion of core in ultra pure
water. Lyophilization (to promote the adsorption of carbohydrate on the
surface of ceramic core) Excess of carbohydrate is removed by stir cell
ultrafilteration.
• Commonly used coating material,
• Cellobiose - Citrate - Sucrose - Trihalose - Pyridoxal -5- phosphate.
• (3) Immobilization of drug
• The surface modified Nano crystalline core provide the solid phase for
subsequent non denaturing self assembly for a broad range of biological
active molecule.
• Drug can be loaded by partial adsorption
• APPLICATIONS OF AQUASOMES
• Aquasomes has got a quite versatile application potential as a carrier for delivery
of vaccines, hemoglobin, drugs, dyes, enzymes.
• 1) Aquasomes used as vaccines for delivery of viral antigen
• 2) Aquasomes as red blood cell substitutes can effectively deliver the large,
complex labile molecule, haemoglobin. By incorporating in aquasome carriers, the
toxicity of haemoglobin is reduced, biological activity is preserved, haemoglobin
concentration of 80% can be achieved and is reported to deliver oxygen in a non
linear manner like natural red blood cells.
• 3) Aquasomes for pharmaceuticals delivery i.e. insulin, developed because drug
activity is conformationally specific. Bio activity preserved and activity increased
to 60% as compared to i.v. administration and toxicity not reported .
) Aquasomes are used for oral delivery of acid labile enzyme, serratiopeptidase.
Enzyme loaded aquasome was further protected by encapsulating in alginate gel.
They protected structural integrity of enzymes and better therapeutic efficacy was
observed .

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Synthesis of aquasomes

  • 2. AQUASOMES • Three layered self assembled structures, containing the particle core composed of nanocrystalline calcium phosphate or ceramic diamond, and is covered by a polyhydroxyl oligomeric film to which biochemically active molecules are adsorbed . • Aquasomes are spherical 60-300nm particles used for drug and antigen delivery. • It was first developed by NIR KOSSOVSKY. • Aquasomes are called as “ bodies of water ’’ • 1] Their water like properties. • 2] Protect and preserve fragile biological molecules. • 3] This property of maintaining conformational integrity as well as high degree of surface exposure and in targeting of bio-active molecules like peptide and protein hormones, antigens and genes to specific sites. • The carbohydrate stabilize nanoparticle of ceramic are known as “Aquasomes “
  • 3. SYNTHESIS • PREPARATION OF THE CORE • Fabrication of the ceramic core by colloidal precipitation and sonication. • CARBOHYDRATE COATING • Coating by carbohydrate on the surface of ceramic cores. • Addition of polyhydroxyl oligomer , sonication and then lyophilization. • Coating material used are cellobiose, citrate, sucrose and trehalose. • Immobilization of drug molecule.
  • 4.
  • 5. • Carbohydrate coating • The second step involves coating by carbohydrate on the surface of ceramic cores. • There are number of processes to enable the carbohydrate (polyhydroxy oligomers) coating to adsorb epitaxially on to the surface of the Nano crystalline ceramic cores. • Process generally detail: • Addition of poly hydroxy oligomer, To a dispersion of core in ultra pure water. Lyophilization (to promote the adsorption of carbohydrate on the surface of ceramic core) Excess of carbohydrate is removed by stir cell ultrafilteration. • Commonly used coating material, • Cellobiose - Citrate - Sucrose - Trihalose - Pyridoxal -5- phosphate. • (3) Immobilization of drug • The surface modified Nano crystalline core provide the solid phase for subsequent non denaturing self assembly for a broad range of biological active molecule. • Drug can be loaded by partial adsorption
  • 6. • APPLICATIONS OF AQUASOMES • Aquasomes has got a quite versatile application potential as a carrier for delivery of vaccines, hemoglobin, drugs, dyes, enzymes. • 1) Aquasomes used as vaccines for delivery of viral antigen • 2) Aquasomes as red blood cell substitutes can effectively deliver the large, complex labile molecule, haemoglobin. By incorporating in aquasome carriers, the toxicity of haemoglobin is reduced, biological activity is preserved, haemoglobin concentration of 80% can be achieved and is reported to deliver oxygen in a non linear manner like natural red blood cells. • 3) Aquasomes for pharmaceuticals delivery i.e. insulin, developed because drug activity is conformationally specific. Bio activity preserved and activity increased to 60% as compared to i.v. administration and toxicity not reported . ) Aquasomes are used for oral delivery of acid labile enzyme, serratiopeptidase. Enzyme loaded aquasome was further protected by encapsulating in alginate gel. They protected structural integrity of enzymes and better therapeutic efficacy was observed .