Liposomes drug delivery systems
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Liposomes are spherical vesicles made of concentric phospholipid bilayers that enclose an aqueous core. The phospholipids are amphipathic molecules with polar heads and nonpolar tails that allow them to form bilayers enclosing water. Cholesterol can be incorporated into the phospholipid bilayers and acts as a fluidity buffer. Liposomes can be classified based on their size, number of bilayers, and preparation method. Common types include multilamellar vesicles (MLVs), oligolamellar vesicles (OLVs), and unilamellar vesicles (ULVs). Liposomes are characterized physically, chemically, and biologically to ensure predictable performance. Characterization evaluates parameters like size, lamellarity,
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Membranes and permeability
The cell membrane selectively permits movement of substances across it. It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Movement occurs through passive diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion which move substances down their concentration gradients. Active transport uses energy to move substances against their gradients, such as pumping ions using ATP-powered carrier proteins or endocytosing large molecules. Exocytosis releases secretions and wastes from the cell.
Synthesis of aquasomes
Aquasomes are spherical, nanoscale particles ranging from 60-300nm that are used to deliver drugs, antigens, and other biomolecules. They have a ceramic or calcium phosphate core coated with a polyhydroxyl oligomer film. This film stabilizes the nanoparticle and allows for the adsorption of biologically active molecules. Aquasomes mimic the water-like properties of cells, protecting and preserving fragile molecules while maintaining a high degree of surface exposure and targeting ability. They are synthesized by first fabricating the ceramic core, then coating it with carbohydrates like cellobiose or citrate, and finally immobilizing the drug or biomolecule onto the coated surface. Potential applications of aquasomes include vaccine delivery,
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Liposomal drug delivery involves encapsulating drugs within liposomes, which are spherical vesicles composed of phospholipid bilayers, to improve drug targeting and reduce toxicity. Liposomes can be classified based on lamellarity, size, and method of preparation. Drugs are encapsulated within the aqueous interior or phospholipid bilayer of liposomes. Liposomes protect drugs, control drug release, and can be targeted to specific tissues. Applications include cancer therapy, antimicrobial delivery, ophthalmic delivery, and topical delivery to improve treatment.
AQUASOMES: A POTENTIAL DRUG DELIVERY CARRIER
This document summarizes aquasomes, which are spherical nanoparticles used for drug and antigen delivery. Aquasomes have water-like properties that protect and preserve fragile biological molecules. They are composed of a nano crystalline calcium phosphate or ceramic diamond particle core coated with a polyhydroxyl oligomer film. This coating allows for the adsorption of biochemically active molecules. Aquasomes can efficiently load and deliver substantial amounts of agents through various bonding mechanisms. They represent a simple yet novel drug carrier based on self-assembly that shows promise for delivering a variety of molecules like viral antigens, hemoglobin, and insulin while preserving conformational integrity and biochemical stability.
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Chapter3
This document discusses tools and techniques for studying biological membranes, including their isolation, characterization, and reconstitution. Key methods covered are homogenization to disrupt source material, centrifugation to separate and enrich membrane fractions, use of detergents to solubilize membrane components, and reconstitution of components into model lipid bilayer systems like monolayers, planar bilayers, and liposomes to study membrane behavior. Detergents are discussed in depth, including their amphiphilic nature, ability to form micelles above a critical concentration, and role in membrane solubilization.
PPT protein separation and purification
This document discusses protein purification techniques. It describes that proteins can be extracellular, secreted from cells, or intracellular, requiring cell disruption. Purification techniques include differential centrifugation to separate components by size and mass, differential salt precipitation to separate based on solubility, and various types of chromatography including size exclusion, ion exchange, and affinity chromatography. Electrophoresis can also separate proteins based on size using electrical current. The overall goal is to purify proteins for uses such as commercial products, research, or analysis of structure and function.
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Drug delivery involves transporting pharmaceutical compounds in the body to safely achieve their desired effects using technologies and systems. It concerns both the quantity and duration of drug presence. For example, protein drugs must be delivered via injection or nano-needles. Nanoparticles like liposomes, dendrimers, fullerenes, nanoshells, quantum dots, and nanorobots can provide targeted drug delivery, improved solubility, constant drug release rates, and increased stability.
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The cell membrane selectively permits movement of substances across it. It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. Movement occurs through passive diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion which move substances down their concentration gradients. Active transport uses energy to move substances against their gradients, such as pumping ions using ATP-powered carrier proteins or endocytosing large molecules. Exocytosis releases secretions and wastes from the cell.
Synthesis of aquasomes
Aquasomes are spherical, nanoscale particles ranging from 60-300nm that are used to deliver drugs, antigens, and other biomolecules. They have a ceramic or calcium phosphate core coated with a polyhydroxyl oligomer film. This film stabilizes the nanoparticle and allows for the adsorption of biologically active molecules. Aquasomes mimic the water-like properties of cells, protecting and preserving fragile molecules while maintaining a high degree of surface exposure and targeting ability. They are synthesized by first fabricating the ceramic core, then coating it with carbohydrates like cellobiose or citrate, and finally immobilizing the drug or biomolecule onto the coated surface. Potential applications of aquasomes include vaccine delivery,
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AQUASOMES: A POTENTIAL DRUG DELIVERY CARRIER
This document summarizes aquasomes, which are spherical nanoparticles used for drug and antigen delivery. Aquasomes have water-like properties that protect and preserve fragile biological molecules. They are composed of a nano crystalline calcium phosphate or ceramic diamond particle core coated with a polyhydroxyl oligomer film. This coating allows for the adsorption of biochemically active molecules. Aquasomes can efficiently load and deliver substantial amounts of agents through various bonding mechanisms. They represent a simple yet novel drug carrier based on self-assembly that shows promise for delivering a variety of molecules like viral antigens, hemoglobin, and insulin while preserving conformational integrity and biochemical stability.
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This document describes electrosomes, which are a novel surface display system that allows multiple electron release from fuel oxidation using a scaffoldin protein and cascade of redox enzymes. Electrosomes consist of a hybrid anode with ethanol-oxidizing enzymes attached to scaffoldin and a hybrid cathode with an oxygen-reducing enzyme also attached to scaffoldin. This allows the electrosomes to function as both an anode and cathode in a biofuel cell. Characterization of the electrosomes showed they were able to catalyze the conversion of chemical energy from ethanol to electricity with high power outputs due to the enzymatic cascades in the anode. Potential applications of electrosomes include use in enzymatic fuel cells, drug targeting
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This document discusses tools and techniques for studying biological membranes, including their isolation, characterization, and reconstitution. Key methods covered are homogenization to disrupt source material, centrifugation to separate and enrich membrane fractions, use of detergents to solubilize membrane components, and reconstitution of components into model lipid bilayer systems like monolayers, planar bilayers, and liposomes to study membrane behavior. Detergents are discussed in depth, including their amphiphilic nature, ability to form micelles above a critical concentration, and role in membrane solubilization.
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This document discusses protein purification techniques. It describes that proteins can be extracellular, secreted from cells, or intracellular, requiring cell disruption. Purification techniques include differential centrifugation to separate components by size and mass, differential salt precipitation to separate based on solubility, and various types of chromatography including size exclusion, ion exchange, and affinity chromatography. Electrophoresis can also separate proteins based on size using electrical current. The overall goal is to purify proteins for uses such as commercial products, research, or analysis of structure and function.
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Drug delivery involves transporting pharmaceutical compounds in the body to safely achieve their desired effects using technologies and systems. It concerns both the quantity and duration of drug presence. For example, protein drugs must be delivered via injection or nano-needles. Nanoparticles like liposomes, dendrimers, fullerenes, nanoshells, quantum dots, and nanorobots can provide targeted drug delivery, improved solubility, constant drug release rates, and increased stability.
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Novel drug delivery systems aim to optimize drug pharmacokinetics, reduce toxicity, and increase efficacy and bioavailability. They include polymers, micro/nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, and hydrogels that can encapsulate, protect, target, and gradually release drugs. These systems help minimize harmful side effects, maximize drug accumulation at target sites, and overcome biological barriers to treatment of severe diseases.
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Three layered self assembled structures, containing the particle core composed of nanocrystalline calcium phosphate or ceramic diamond, and is covered by a polyhydroxyl oligomeric film to which biochemically active molecules are adsorbed.
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Aquasomes are spherical nanoparticles 60-300nm in size that are used to deliver drugs and antigens. They are composed of a central ceramic core coated with carbohydrates to protect and preserve fragile biological molecules. The core is typically made of calcium phosphate prepared using methods like sonication or colloidal precipitation. It is then coated with polyhydroxy oligomers like cellobiose or trehalose to stabilize the nanoparticle. Drugs or antigens are then adsorbed onto the coated core. Aquasomes maintain the structural integrity of molecules and deliver them through controlled release while protecting them from degradation. They have applications in delivering substances like insulin, hemoglobin, antigens, enzymes, and genes.
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liposomes
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Liposomes & Niosomes.pptx
Liposomes are spherical vesicles made of lipid bilayers that can encapsulate aqueous content. They structurally consist of concentric bilayers surrounding an inner aqueous volume. This allows both hydrophilic drugs in the inner volume and hydrophobic drugs in the bilayer. Liposomes offer advantages like increased drug efficacy, reduced toxicity, and passive tumor targeting. However, developing stable liposomal formulations at an industrial scale can be difficult due to physical and chemical instability issues. Niosomes are similar non-ionic surfactant based vesicles that offer many of the same advantages as liposomes while being more stable and less toxic.
Liposomes by Mr. Vishal Shelke
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https://youtube.com/vishalshelke99
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Liposomes
Sub :- Novel Drug Delievery Systems, Sterile Products Formulation & Technology
M.Pharm Sem II
Savitribai Phule Pune University
Introduction :-
Liposomes are vesicular structures composed of a lipid bilayer. These vesicular structures can be used as a vehicle for administration of nutrients and drugs.
Liposomes are concentric bilayered vesicles in which an aqueous volume is entirely enclosed by a membranous lipid bilayer.
Liposomes consist of Cholesterol, Phospholipid and drug molecule
Classification of Liposomes :-
Small Unilamellar (SUV) [20-100nm]
Medium Unilamellar (MUV)
Large Unilamellar (LUV) [>100nm]
Giant Unilamellar (GUV) [>1μm]
Multi Lamellar Vesicles (MLV) [0.5nm]
Oligolamellar Vesicles (OLV)
Multi Vesicular (MV) [>1μm]
ADVANTAGES
Provides selective passive targeting to tumor tissues.
Increased efficacy and therapeutic index.
Increased stability via encapsulation.
Reduction in toxicity of the encapsulated agents.
Improved pharmacokinetic effects (reduced elimination, increased circulation life times).
DISADVANTAGES
low solubility
short half life
high production cost
less stability
leakage and fusion of encapsulated drug
sometimes the phospholipid layer undergoes oxidation and hydrolysis reaction
Methods of Preparation of Liposomes
1 Mechanical Dispersion Method
Lipid film hydration by
hand shaken MLVs
Micro emulsification
Sonication
French pressure cell
Dried reconstituted vesicles
Membrane Extrusion Method
2 Solvent Dispersion Method
Ethanol injection
Ether injection
Double emulsion vesicles
Reverse phase
evaporation vesicles
3 Detergent Removal Method
Liposomes ppt
Liposomes are spherical vesicles composed of concentric bilayer membranes made of phospholipids that can encapsulate aqueous solutions. They range in size from 20nm to several micrometers. Liposomes provide advantages for drug delivery such as increased drug efficacy, reduced toxicity, and passive tumor targeting. Common methods for preparing liposomes include physical dispersion, solvent dispersion, and detergent solubilization. Liposomes are evaluated based on properties like size, surface charge, drug encapsulation efficiency, and release kinetics. They have applications in drug delivery, antimicrobial and antiviral therapies, immunology, and cosmetics.
Liposomes.pptx
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Liposomes.ppt
Liposomes are spherical vesicles made of phospholipid bilayers that can encapsulate hydrophilic or hydrophobic drugs. They were discovered in the 1960s and resemble natural cell membranes. Liposomes offer several advantages for drug delivery such as biocompatibility and the ability to target drugs. They can be classified based on size, number of bilayers, and preparation method. Key aspects of liposomes include their composition, surface charge, size, encapsulation efficiency, and ability to modify their properties for specific applications like cancer therapy, gene delivery, and transdermal drug administration.
Niosomes Naveen Balaji
Niosomes are novel drug delivery vesicles made of non-ionic surfactants that can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. They have a similar bilayer structure to liposomes but are more stable and less expensive. Niosomes can improve the therapeutic performance of drugs by protecting drugs from degradation and restricting effects to target cells. Various preparation methods are used to produce niosomes of different sizes and lamellarity that can be used to deliver drugs through different routes of administration like oral, parenteral, topical to treat diseases like cancer, infections and more.
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Introduction
Novel drug delivery systems aim to optimize drug pharmacokinetics, reduce toxicity, and increase efficacy and bioavailability. They include polymers, micro/nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, and hydrogels that can encapsulate, protect, target, and gradually release drugs. These systems help minimize harmful side effects, maximize drug accumulation at target sites, and overcome biological barriers to treatment of severe diseases.
Aquasomes
Three layered self assembled structures, containing the particle core composed of nanocrystalline calcium phosphate or ceramic diamond, and is covered by a polyhydroxyl oligomeric film to which biochemically active molecules are adsorbed.
WATER PURIFICATION
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on water purification using ultrafiltration methods. It begins with an introduction to water purification and different filtration types including ultrafiltration. It then discusses the working principles of ultrafiltration, including membranes used. It describes membrane fouling and various methods to reduce fouling, as well as cleaning techniques. Finally, it outlines applications of ultrafiltration in water treatment and other industries.
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This document summarizes a seminar presented by Soumyadip Ghosh on Aquasomes. Aquasomes are spherical nanoparticles between 60-300nm used for drug and antigen delivery. They are comprised of a solid nanocrystalline core coated with an oligomeric film that bioactive molecules can be adsorbed to. Aquasomes are prepared through a three step process - formation of an inorganic core, coating the core with a polyhydroxy oligomer, and loading the drug onto the assembled structure. They have advantages like preserving the integrity of biomolecules and allowing site-specific delivery. Applications include use as vaccines, red blood cell substitutes, and delivery of drugs like insulin.
Membrane filtration
This document provides information about membrane filtration technologies used for water treatment. It discusses different types of membrane filtration processes like microfiltration, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, and nanofiltration. It also describes common membrane materials, module designs, and operating modes like deposition and suspension. The document contains detailed technical descriptions of membrane components and configurations.
Solution Diffusion Model in Membrane Technology
The solution-diffusion (SD) model is one of the earliest models proposed for reverse osmosis. The SD model is based on the principle of membrane diffusion through a dense layer. The model equations describe water and solute flux as functions of pressure, osmotic pressure, and permeability constants. Solute rejection is defined as the fraction of solute remaining in the feed stream and can be calculated from the concentration difference across the membrane and the feed concentration. Key parameters like permeability constants must be determined experimentally for different membrane types.
Aquasomes: Basic consideration
Aquasomes are spherical nanoparticles 60-300nm in size that are used to deliver drugs and antigens. They are composed of a central ceramic core coated with carbohydrates to protect and preserve fragile biological molecules. The core is typically made of calcium phosphate prepared using methods like sonication or colloidal precipitation. It is then coated with polyhydroxy oligomers like cellobiose or trehalose to stabilize the nanoparticle. Drugs or antigens are then adsorbed onto the coated core. Aquasomes maintain the structural integrity of molecules and deliver them through controlled release while protecting them from degradation. They have applications in delivering substances like insulin, hemoglobin, antigens, enzymes, and genes.
Aquasome ppt
Aquasomes are nanoparticulate carrier system but instead of being simple nanoparticles these are three layered self assembled structures, comprised of a solid phase nanocrystalline core coated with oligomeric film to which biochemically active molecules are adsorbed with or without modification.
cell membrane supriya
The document discusses the structure and functions of the cell membrane. It describes the membrane as having a lipid bilayer structure composed of phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids. Integral and peripheral membrane proteins are embedded within or attached to this bilayer. The fluid mosaic model represents membranes as a fluid structure containing phospholipids that move freely and proteins that diffuse laterally. Key functions of the membrane include selectively regulating what passes in and out of cells and serving as anchors and mediators of cell communication.
Protein separation and purification
This document discusses protein purification techniques. It begins by outlining the purposes of protein purification, which include producing commercial products and conducting research. It then describes different methods for separating and purifying proteins based on their location in or outside of cells. These include centrifugation, salt precipitation, various types of chromatography (size exclusion, ion exchange, affinity), and electrophoresis. The key steps are cell disruption when needed followed by differential centrifugation, then one or more chromatography techniques which can achieve high levels of purity.
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Kresse_GUVproject
This document summarizes research on forming Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs) using a paper-assisted method. Key points include:
- GUVs formed on filter paper up to 20um in diameter from different lipid compositions including DOPC, ESM, and cholesterol mixtures.
- Gravity-driven flow extracted high yields of unilamellar GUVs compared to other extraction methods.
- The paper-assisted method worked in various buffers including PBS, TRIS, and sucrose and did not appear to have the paper dissolve or associate with the vesicle membranes when tested with a cellulose-binding dye.
- Further experiments will optimize conditions and analyze GUVs formed
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The document discusses cell membrane structure and function, including the fluid mosaic model. It describes the roles of cell surface membranes and the process of cell signaling. It then covers various mechanisms of movement of substances into and out of cells, such as diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, active transport, endocytosis and exocytosis. Specific experiments are outlined to investigate diffusion, osmosis, and the effects of changing surface area to volume ratio on diffusion using plant tissues and agar. Water movement between cells and solutions of different water potentials is also explained.
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Similar to Liposomes drug delivery systems
liposomes
Liposomes are spherical vesicles composed of phospholipid bilayers that can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. They were invented in 1965 and have various applications in biology, biochemistry, pharmacy, and therapeutics. The main components of liposomes are natural lipids like phospholipids and cholesterol, which helps lower toxicity. There are several types of liposomes including conventional, stealth, targeted, and cationic liposomes. Liposomes can be prepared through techniques like extrusion, dehydration-rehydration, and reverse-phase evaporation. Size, encapsulation efficiency, stability, and drug release properties depend on the preparation method. Liposomes offer advantages like reduced antigenicity and biodegradability.
Liposomes & Niosomes.pptx
Liposomes are spherical vesicles made of lipid bilayers that can encapsulate aqueous content. They structurally consist of concentric bilayers surrounding an inner aqueous volume. This allows both hydrophilic drugs in the inner volume and hydrophobic drugs in the bilayer. Liposomes offer advantages like increased drug efficacy, reduced toxicity, and passive tumor targeting. However, developing stable liposomal formulations at an industrial scale can be difficult due to physical and chemical instability issues. Niosomes are similar non-ionic surfactant based vesicles that offer many of the same advantages as liposomes while being more stable and less toxic.
Liposomes by Mr. Vishal Shelke
Liposomes by Mr. Vishal Shelke
https://youtube.com/vishalshelke99
https://instagram.com/vishal_stagram
Liposomes
Sub :- Novel Drug Delievery Systems, Sterile Products Formulation & Technology
M.Pharm Sem II
Savitribai Phule Pune University
Introduction :-
Liposomes are vesicular structures composed of a lipid bilayer. These vesicular structures can be used as a vehicle for administration of nutrients and drugs.
Liposomes are concentric bilayered vesicles in which an aqueous volume is entirely enclosed by a membranous lipid bilayer.
Liposomes consist of Cholesterol, Phospholipid and drug molecule
Classification of Liposomes :-
Small Unilamellar (SUV) [20-100nm]
Medium Unilamellar (MUV)
Large Unilamellar (LUV) [>100nm]
Giant Unilamellar (GUV) [>1μm]
Multi Lamellar Vesicles (MLV) [0.5nm]
Oligolamellar Vesicles (OLV)
Multi Vesicular (MV) [>1μm]
ADVANTAGES
Provides selective passive targeting to tumor tissues.
Increased efficacy and therapeutic index.
Increased stability via encapsulation.
Reduction in toxicity of the encapsulated agents.
Improved pharmacokinetic effects (reduced elimination, increased circulation life times).
DISADVANTAGES
low solubility
short half life
high production cost
less stability
leakage and fusion of encapsulated drug
sometimes the phospholipid layer undergoes oxidation and hydrolysis reaction
Methods of Preparation of Liposomes
1 Mechanical Dispersion Method
Lipid film hydration by
hand shaken MLVs
Micro emulsification
Sonication
French pressure cell
Dried reconstituted vesicles
Membrane Extrusion Method
2 Solvent Dispersion Method
Ethanol injection
Ether injection
Double emulsion vesicles
Reverse phase
evaporation vesicles
3 Detergent Removal Method
Liposomes ppt
Liposomes are spherical vesicles composed of concentric bilayer membranes made of phospholipids that can encapsulate aqueous solutions. They range in size from 20nm to several micrometers. Liposomes provide advantages for drug delivery such as increased drug efficacy, reduced toxicity, and passive tumor targeting. Common methods for preparing liposomes include physical dispersion, solvent dispersion, and detergent solubilization. Liposomes are evaluated based on properties like size, surface charge, drug encapsulation efficiency, and release kinetics. They have applications in drug delivery, antimicrobial and antiviral therapies, immunology, and cosmetics.
Liposomes.pptx
This document provides an overview of ocular liposomes. It discusses the structural components of liposomes including phospholipids, sterols, and sphingolipids. The advantages of liposomes for ophthalmic drug delivery include enhancing permeation and residence time on the corneal surface. Various types of liposomes are described based on structural parameters, composition, and preparation method. Common preparation techniques include conventional method, sonication, extrusion, solubilization, and reverse phase evaporation. Mechanisms of permeation through the ocular surface include adsorption, endocytosis, fusion, and lipid exchange. Liposomes show potential for improving ophthalmic drug pharmacokinetics and reducing toxicity.
Liposomes.ppt
Liposomes are spherical vesicles made of phospholipid bilayers that can encapsulate hydrophilic or hydrophobic drugs. They were discovered in the 1960s and resemble natural cell membranes. Liposomes offer several advantages for drug delivery such as biocompatibility and the ability to target drugs. They can be classified based on size, number of bilayers, and preparation method. Key aspects of liposomes include their composition, surface charge, size, encapsulation efficiency, and ability to modify their properties for specific applications like cancer therapy, gene delivery, and transdermal drug administration.
Niosomes Naveen Balaji
Niosomes are novel drug delivery vesicles made of non-ionic surfactants that can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. They have a similar bilayer structure to liposomes but are more stable and less expensive. Niosomes can improve the therapeutic performance of drugs by protecting drugs from degradation and restricting effects to target cells. Various preparation methods are used to produce niosomes of different sizes and lamellarity that can be used to deliver drugs through different routes of administration like oral, parenteral, topical to treat diseases like cancer, infections and more.
Liposomal formulation by factorial design approach By Pranav Lendhey
1. The document presents information on liposomal formulations and their preparation using a factorial design approach. Liposomes are spherical vesicles made of lipids that can be used to deliver drugs. Factorial design allows investigation of how formulation factors independently and interactively affect dependent variables like encapsulation efficiency and drug deposition.
2. A 32 factorial design was used to prepare liposomes from phospholipids and cholesterol, encapsulating Vitamin E. The design studied the effects of phospholipid amount and cholesterol amount on vesicle size, encapsulation efficiency, and drug deposition in rat skin.
3. The best performing liposomes based on drug deposition were selected for further formulation into gels using Carbopol polymer. The liposomal gel showed potential
liposomes
Liposomes are spherical vesicles composed of phospholipid bilayers that can encapsulate drugs. They were invented in 1965 and have various applications in biology, biochemistry, pharmacy, and therapeutics. In pharmacy, liposomes were initially used in the 1970s-1980s and stealth liposomes with polyethylene glycol (PEG) coatings were developed in the 1990s to evade the immune system. Liposomes can be classified based on lamellarity (unilamellar vs multilamellar), size (small, large, giant), and preparation technique. Drugs are encapsulated within the aqueous core or bilayer of liposomes for drug delivery.
Nanostructure for oral delivery of macromolecule
oral delivery of macromolecule by using the nanocarriers technique
The oral route is the most common and most preferred route, due to its advantages, such as non-invasiveness, patient compliance and convenience of drug administration, cost-effectiveness, and ease of large-scale manufacturing of oral dosage forms
Nanocarriers are simply colloidal nanoparticles widely used to transport a therapeutic agent or any other substances to a target site.
The size of the nanocarriers is between 10 and 1000 (nm) in diameter. These nanocarriers are regarded as a secure medium.
The modification of the properties of nanocarriers such as surface, composition as well as its shape can enhance their activity with decreased secondary effects.
Thus, it creates a plethora of impacts in the field of drug delivery.
LIPOSOME
Liposomes are artificially created spherical vesicles made of phospholipids and cholesterol that can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. They are promising drug delivery systems due to their biocompatibility and ability to selectively target tissues. Liposomes vary in size from 20-5000 nm and consist of one or more phospholipid bilayers surrounding an aqueous core. There are several methods for preparing and loading drugs into liposomes to develop drug delivery systems with benefits like increased drug efficacy, stability and reduced toxicity.
Liposome
This document discusses liposomes, which are spherical vesicles made of phospholipids that can encapsulate drugs. It covers the structure of liposomes, how they are formed from phospholipid bilayers, and their advantages like increased drug efficacy and stability. The document also categorizes liposomes based on size, composition, and preparation method. Common preparation techniques include shaking, extrusion, and solvent dispersion. Liposomes are evaluated based on their size, drug encapsulation efficiency, and stability. The document concludes that liposomes have many applications in cancer therapy, oral drug delivery, topical applications, and enhancing antimicrobial efficacy due to their biocompatibility and ability to protect drugs.
Inroduction to LIPOSOMES & NIOSOMES.pptx
1. Liposomes are spherical vesicles made of concentric phospholipid bilayers that can encapsulate aqueous solutions. They form spontaneously when phospholipids are exposed to aqueous solutions.
2. Liposomes have many advantages for drug delivery such as increased drug efficacy, stability, and targeting to tumor tissues while reducing toxicity. However, they also have disadvantages like high production costs, drug leakage, and short half-life.
3. There are various methods for preparing and loading drugs into liposomes, including mechanical dispersion techniques using sonication or extrusion to reduce liposome size, and solvent dispersion techniques using thin film hydration. Characterization and stability testing of the liposomes is important.
2liposomes
Liposomes are spherical vesicles composed of phospholipid bilayers that can encapsulate hydrophilic or hydrophobic drugs. There are several types of liposomes including conventional, stealth, targeted, and cationic liposomes. Liposomes can be prepared using techniques like extrusion, sonication, and dehydration-rehydration. Differential scanning calorimetry is used to study the phase transition of lipids in liposomes. Drugs are encapsulated within the aqueous core or phospholipid bilayer of liposomes. In vivo, liposomes are targeted by plasma proteins and cleared by the liver and spleen, but PEGylation creates "stealth liposomes" that evade this clearance. Several liposomal drug formulations have been commercial
Novel drug delivery system
This document discusses novel drug delivery systems (NDDS), including liposomes, micelles, nanoparticles, and phytosomes. NDDS are formulations that transport pharmaceutical compounds in the body to achieve therapeutic effects in a safer, more effective manner than conventional methods. Liposomes, micelles, nanoparticles, and phytosomes are described as types of NDDS that can encapsulate or absorb drugs to improve delivery properties, stability, and bioavailability. Specific examples are provided of using liposomes to deliver anticancer drugs, herbal compounds, and antifungal agents.
liposomes
Liposomes are spherical vesicles made of phospholipid bilayers that can encapsulate water-soluble or lipid-soluble drugs. They provide targeted drug delivery and increase drug efficacy while reducing toxicity. Liposomes are classified by lamellarity and size, and are characterized based on their physical properties. They have various applications including cancer therapy, gene delivery, and treatment of infections.
TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY.pptx
This document discusses targeted drug delivery systems. It describes how targeted drug delivery aims to selectively deliver pharmacological agents to the intended site of action in therapeutic concentrations while minimizing effects on other tissues. Key components of targeted delivery systems are the drug carrier and the target tissue. Common targeted drug carriers discussed are liposomes, niosomes and nanoparticles. The document provides details on the preparation, classification, advantages and applications of liposomes for targeted drug delivery.
nanotechnology.pptx
This document provides an introduction to liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). Liposomes are spherical vesicles made of lipid bilayers that can encapsulate aqueous volume. They have advantages like controlled drug delivery but also disadvantages like drug leakage. SLNs are colloidal carriers 50nm-1um in size made of physiological lipids. Compared to liposomes and polymers, SLNs have benefits like low toxicity, but challenges like drug loading capacity. The document describes characteristics, applications, preparation methods and characterization of liposomes and SLNs.
NANOSYSTEMS - Vesicles, Liposomes, Polymeric micelles & Dendrimers
This document provides an introduction to nanomedicine and various nanosystems used for drug delivery, including vesicles, liposomes, polymeric micelles, and dendrimers. It describes how liposomes are bilayered vesicles that can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs for targeted delivery. Polymeric micelles are spherical aggregates of amphiphilic polymers that self-assemble, with hydrophobic cores used to solubilize drugs. Dendrimers are highly branched nanocarriers with interior branches and functional surface groups that can be used to encapsulate or conjugate drugs for delivery. These nanosystems provide advantages like increased drug solubility, stability, and targeting efficacy for applications in disease therapy.
liposomes and nanoparticles drug delivery system
this presentation includes the intro duction to targeted drug delivery systems using nanoparticulate systems like liposomes, nanoparticles, mechanism of action, types, preparation, advantages, applications
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Liposomes drug delivery systems
- 1. Presented by Vikas Kumar Msc clinical research Dept. pharmaceutical sciences MRSPTU, Bathinda
- 2. Liposomes are concentric bilayered vesicles in which an aqueous core is entirely enclosed by a membranous mainly composed of natural and synthetic phospholipids. The lipid molecules are usually phospholipids.
- 4. Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules.
- 5. the polar end of the molecule is mainly phosphoric acid bound to a water soluble molecule.
- 6. Cholesterol is known to have important modulatory effect on the bilayer membrane. Cholesterol acts as fluidity buffer. It can be incorporated into phospholipid membrane in very high concentration.
- 7. Based on the size and number of lamellae Based on the method of liposome preparation Based on composition and application
- 8. Type of vesicles Unit of size(nm) Multilamellar Vesicles (MLVs) 500 Oligolamellar Vesicles (OLVs) 100 to 1000 Unilamellar Vesicles (ULVs) 20 to >1000 Multi Vesicles System (MVs) >1000 Double Liposomes >1000 Depofoam >1000
- 9. REV Single/ Oligomer vesicles made by reverse phase evaporation method SPLV Stable plurilamelar vesicles FATMLV Frozen and thawed MLV VET Vesicle prepared by extrusion technique DRV Dehydration-rehydration vesicles
- 10. Conventional liposomes Natural or negatively charged phospholipids and cholesterol Fusogenic liposome Reconstituted sendai virus envelop PH sensitive liposomes Phospholipid such as PE or DOPE with CHEMS or OA Stealth liposomes PEGylated long circulatory liposomes Immuno liposomes Monoclonal antibody anchored liposome
- 11. Liposomal formulations after their formulation and processing for a specified purpose are characterised to ensure their predictable in vitro and in vivo performance. The liposomes produced by different techniques may have different physicochemical characteristics. These differences do have an effect on their behaviour in vivo and in vitro.
- 12. Physical characterisation evaluates parameter, including size, shape, surface features, lamellarity, phase behaviour and drug release profile.
- 13. Chemical characterisation includes those studies, which establish the purity and potency of various liposomal constituents.
- 14. Biological characterisation parameters are helpful in establishing the safety and suitability of the formulations for the in vivo use or therapeutic applications.
- 15. Liposome Types Size Number of Lamellae Large Unilamellar Vesicles (LUVs) 100 nm - 400 nm Single Small Unilamellar Vesicles (SUVs) 20 nm - 100 nm Single Multilamellar Vesicles (MLVs) 200 nm - ~3 µm Multiple
- 16. •Optical microscopy-This method is used for determination of gross size distribution of large vesicles preparation such as MLVs. •Electron microscopy – This method is used to determine size of vesicles, but this method is especially useful for observing the morphological structure of liposomes.
- 17. •Provides selective passive targeting to tumor tissues •Increased efficacy and therapeutic index of drug •Increase stability via encapsulation •Improve pharmacokinetic effect •Use as carries for controlled and sustained drug delivery •Reduction in toxicity of the encapsulated agent
- 18. •Leakage of encapsulated drug •Production cost is high •Low solubility •Short half-life
- 19. Novel Drug Delivery System; “Vyas S.P”, CBS Publishers & Distributors, Page No, 148-165.