During the last decade, it has realized that when materials are synthesized to nanoscale dimensions, they will show new and remarkably improved physical and chemical properties. Due to its wide and major applications, in-depth investigations have been carried out on metal oxide nanomaterials. A significant amount of research is going on in synthesis and characterization of MgO/PVA nanocomposites. Some of the literature has been reviewed to get the idea about the synthesis and characterization of MgO/PVA nanocomposites using sol-gel technique.
Synthesis of nanoparticles- physical,chemical and biologicalPriya Nanda
This document discusses various methods for synthesizing nanoparticles, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches. Physical methods include ball milling, melt mixing, physical vapor deposition techniques like sputtering and laser ablation. Chemical methods involve reducing metal salts or using sol-gel processes. Biological methods use microorganisms, plant extracts, proteins like ferritin, or biomolecular templates to synthesize nanoparticles. The document compares top-down lithography approaches to bottom-up assembly and provides many examples of synthesizing specific nanomaterials.
The document discusses various applications of nanomaterials across several industries. It describes how nanofabrication allows the development of new ways to capture, store, and transfer energy. It also explains how nanoceramic particles have improved household equipment and how nano-structured materials can enhance biocompatibility. The document also summarizes current pharmaceutical nanotechnology applications including drug delivery and biosensing.
This document discusses various techniques for synthesizing nanoparticles, including sol-gel synthesis, colloidal precipitation, co-precipitation, combustion technique, hydrothermal technique, high energy ball milling, and sonochemistry. It provides details on specific methods like the Frens method for synthesizing gold nanoparticles, co-precipitation reaction for iron oxide nanoparticles using FeCl3 and benzene tetracarboxylic acid, combustion synthesis using lithium nitrate and bismuth nitrate with urea and glycerol, and hydrothermal treatment for titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The advantages of these techniques in producing nanoparticles at low temperatures and with good control of properties are highlighted.
This document provides an introduction to nanotechnology and methods for synthesizing nanomaterials. It discusses that nanotechnology involves working at the nanoscale of 1 to 100 nanometers. Richard Feynman is considered the father of nanotechnology for his 1959 talk describing manipulating atoms and molecules. Common synthesis methods described include mechanical methods like ball milling and melt mixing, as well as physical vapor deposition techniques using evaporation, laser ablation, and ionized cluster beam deposition. The document outlines the advantages of nanotechnology in tuning material properties at small scales.
This document provides information about the sol-gel method process, which consists of several steps: 1) formation of a sol through hydrolysis and condensation reactions, 2) gel formation through further condensation and polycondensation, 3) drying to produce aerogels or xerogels, 4) calcination to remove organic species and densify the gel, and 5) heat treatment to shape the material. The sol-gel method allows production of monosized nanoparticles and synthesis of glasses and ceramics at lower temperatures but controlling particle growth and agglomeration can be challenging.
This document provides an overview of nanocomposite materials. It defines nanocomposites as materials with at least one component that has dimensions between 1-100 nm. Nanocomposites consist of inorganic or organic nanoparticles embedded in a matrix. They exhibit enhanced and unique properties compared to bulk materials due to quantum effects and high surface area. The document discusses various synthesis methods for nanomaterials and nanocomposites, as well as their advantages and limitations.
This document discusses various methods for synthesizing nanomaterials, including top-down and bottom-up approaches. The top-down approach involves breaking down bulk materials into nanoparticles, using methods like attrition and lithography. The bottom-up approach involves building nanoparticles from molecular precursors using methods like pyrolysis, solvothermal processes, and sol-gel techniques. These synthetic methods allow for the production of nanomaterials with applications in areas like drug delivery, coatings, and imaging. Further development could improve biological imaging and cancer treatment.
A part of nanotechnology. Nanosensors is very hot topic for research. As nanosensor has immense applications in the fields like medical, analysis, research etc. Nanosensor recude the cost and also the time require for analysis.
Synthesis of nanoparticles- physical,chemical and biologicalPriya Nanda
This document discusses various methods for synthesizing nanoparticles, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches. Physical methods include ball milling, melt mixing, physical vapor deposition techniques like sputtering and laser ablation. Chemical methods involve reducing metal salts or using sol-gel processes. Biological methods use microorganisms, plant extracts, proteins like ferritin, or biomolecular templates to synthesize nanoparticles. The document compares top-down lithography approaches to bottom-up assembly and provides many examples of synthesizing specific nanomaterials.
The document discusses various applications of nanomaterials across several industries. It describes how nanofabrication allows the development of new ways to capture, store, and transfer energy. It also explains how nanoceramic particles have improved household equipment and how nano-structured materials can enhance biocompatibility. The document also summarizes current pharmaceutical nanotechnology applications including drug delivery and biosensing.
This document discusses various techniques for synthesizing nanoparticles, including sol-gel synthesis, colloidal precipitation, co-precipitation, combustion technique, hydrothermal technique, high energy ball milling, and sonochemistry. It provides details on specific methods like the Frens method for synthesizing gold nanoparticles, co-precipitation reaction for iron oxide nanoparticles using FeCl3 and benzene tetracarboxylic acid, combustion synthesis using lithium nitrate and bismuth nitrate with urea and glycerol, and hydrothermal treatment for titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The advantages of these techniques in producing nanoparticles at low temperatures and with good control of properties are highlighted.
This document provides an introduction to nanotechnology and methods for synthesizing nanomaterials. It discusses that nanotechnology involves working at the nanoscale of 1 to 100 nanometers. Richard Feynman is considered the father of nanotechnology for his 1959 talk describing manipulating atoms and molecules. Common synthesis methods described include mechanical methods like ball milling and melt mixing, as well as physical vapor deposition techniques using evaporation, laser ablation, and ionized cluster beam deposition. The document outlines the advantages of nanotechnology in tuning material properties at small scales.
This document provides information about the sol-gel method process, which consists of several steps: 1) formation of a sol through hydrolysis and condensation reactions, 2) gel formation through further condensation and polycondensation, 3) drying to produce aerogels or xerogels, 4) calcination to remove organic species and densify the gel, and 5) heat treatment to shape the material. The sol-gel method allows production of monosized nanoparticles and synthesis of glasses and ceramics at lower temperatures but controlling particle growth and agglomeration can be challenging.
This document provides an overview of nanocomposite materials. It defines nanocomposites as materials with at least one component that has dimensions between 1-100 nm. Nanocomposites consist of inorganic or organic nanoparticles embedded in a matrix. They exhibit enhanced and unique properties compared to bulk materials due to quantum effects and high surface area. The document discusses various synthesis methods for nanomaterials and nanocomposites, as well as their advantages and limitations.
This document discusses various methods for synthesizing nanomaterials, including top-down and bottom-up approaches. The top-down approach involves breaking down bulk materials into nanoparticles, using methods like attrition and lithography. The bottom-up approach involves building nanoparticles from molecular precursors using methods like pyrolysis, solvothermal processes, and sol-gel techniques. These synthetic methods allow for the production of nanomaterials with applications in areas like drug delivery, coatings, and imaging. Further development could improve biological imaging and cancer treatment.
A part of nanotechnology. Nanosensors is very hot topic for research. As nanosensor has immense applications in the fields like medical, analysis, research etc. Nanosensor recude the cost and also the time require for analysis.
The document outlines the historical development, advantages, characteristics, and requirements of quantum dot lasers compared to quantum well lasers. It discusses how quantum dot lasers confine electrons through small size and tunable energy levels. While early models had bottlenecks like uniformity issues, breakthroughs in temperature stability and modulation have occurred. Future work aims to control dot positioning and size to reduce inhomogeneous broadening and allow injection of cooled carriers.
we have discussed the following content
Introduction
Construction
Working
QD Laser vs Normal Laser
Market Demand
Application
Characteristics
Advantages
Disadvantages
Conclusion
Summary
This document discusses various approaches for synthesizing nanomaterials, dividing them into top-down and bottom-up categories. Top-down approaches begin with bulk materials and make them smaller, such as through mechanical milling, lithography, sputtering, laser ablation, and electrospinning. Bottom-up approaches build up nanomaterials from molecular components. Common top-down techniques include mechanical milling of materials down to the nanoscale, electrospinning to produce nanofibers, and lithography which uses focused beams of light or electrons to construct nanostructures.
Carbon nanotubes are allotropes of carbon that exist as cylindrical structures with a high length-to-diameter ratio. They can be single-walled or multi-walled depending on the number of concentric cylinders. Carbon nanotubes have extraordinary properties including high strength, stiffness, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity. Due to these properties, carbon nanotubes show promise for applications in electronics, hydrogen storage, solar cells, biosensors, drug delivery, and more.
This document discusses various methods for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). It covers physical approaches like evaporation-condensation and laser ablation. It then discusses several chemical approaches for reduction of silver ions to produce Ag NPs, including reduction by tri-sodium citrate, sodium borohydride, UV irradiation, gamma irradiation, laser irradiation, microwave irradiation, sonochemical reduction, and electrochemical methods. It notes the advantages of these chemical synthesis techniques and how stabilizing agents prevent agglomeration of the nanoparticles.
Chemical Vapour Deposition is a Chemical Synthesis route of Nanomaterials. Specially thin films like Graphene and Carbon NanoTubes are grown by this method.
The document summarizes three common methods for synthesizing nanomaterials: solvothermal, photochemical, and electrochemical.
The solvothermal method involves chemical reactions between precursors in a solvent at high temperature and pressure. Key factors like the solvent, temperature, and duration can control the size, morphology, and uniformity of synthesized nanostructures. The photochemical method uses light sources like UV lamps to initiate chemical reactions. The solvent and wavelength of light are important parameters. The electrochemical method applies a voltage between electrodes in an electrolytic solution to reduce metal ions and form nanoparticles. Parameters like voltage, temperature, electrolyte composition and reaction time can influence nanoparticle size and concentration.
This document discusses the properties and medical applications of nanoparticles. It begins by defining nanoparticles and nanotechnology. It then discusses various methods for synthesizing nanoparticles and their unique properties at the nanoscale. The document outlines several medical applications of nanoparticles, including drug delivery, cancer treatment, surgery, and antibiotic resistance. It provides examples of how nanoparticles can be used for targeted drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, MRI contrast agents, and more. The conclusion reiterates that nanoparticles have increased surface area and novel properties that can benefit medical applications.
Using Nanocoatings: Opportunities & Challenges for Medical DevicesCheryl Tulkoff
There is significant opportunity for improvements in contamination prevention, field performance and cost of medical devices through the use of biocompatible nanocoatings. To be successful using these coatings requires knowledge of the materials and processes on the market, the regulatory status, and the benefits versus risks.
This presentation will provide a clear understanding of the current state of nanocoating technology for medical devices and electronics. There has been an explosion in new coating technologies over the past 24 months. The use of nanocoatings has been driven by the desire for moisture proofing, providing an oxygen barrier ( a hermeticity option) and mitigating tin whiskers. Successful adoption of these coating technologies can lead to improved performance and market differentiation. Inappropriate adoption can drive higher failure rates, recalls and alienation of customers. Obtaining relevant reliability and quality information can be difficult. The information is often segmented for different markets; and, the focus is on the opportunities, not the risks. The primary information sources are either marketing material or confusing, scientific studies. Where is the practical advice?
Photocatalytic degradation of some organic dyes under solar light irradiation...Iranian Chemical Society
Nanoparticles of the ZnO and TiO2 were synthesized and the physicochemical properties of the compounds were characterized by IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD patterns of the ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles could be indexed to hexagonal and rutile phase, respectively. Aggregated nanoparticles of ZnO and TiO2 with spherical-like shapes were observed with particle diameter in the range of 80-100 nm. These nanoparticles were used for photocatalytic degradation of various dyes, Rhodamine B (RhB), Methylene blue (MB) and Acridine orange (AO) under solar light irradiation at room temperature. Effect of the amount of catalyst on the rate of photodegradation was investigated. In general, because ZnO is unstable, due to incongruous dissolution to yield Zn(OH)2 on the ZnO particle surfaces and thus leading to catalyst inactivation,the catalytic activity of the system for photodegradation of dyes decreased dramatically when TiO2 was replaced by ZnO.
This document discusses metallic nanoparticles and their applications in biomedical sciences and engineering. Metallic nanoparticles such as iron oxide nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, and silver nanoparticles have unique properties like high surface-to-volume ratio that make them useful for applications in imaging, drug delivery, and therapy. Various methods for synthesizing these nanoparticles like chemical coprecipitation and conjugating them with ligands allow them to be used as contrast agents for MRI, CT, and other imaging modalities. Targeted delivery of nanoparticles can help image and treat diseases like cancer in a non-invasive manner.
This document discusses nanomaterials and nanotechnology. It defines nanomaterials as materials with structured components less than 100nm in at least one dimension. It describes four main types of nanomaterials: carbon-based, metal-based, dendrimers, and composites. The properties of nanoparticles differ from bulk materials due to their high surface area to volume ratio and quantum confinement effects. Nanoparticles are synthesized using top-down or bottom-up approaches such as sol-gel methods, chemical vapor deposition, and pulsed laser deposition. Nanotechnology has applications in areas like energy, electronics, medicine, and consumer goods.
Photolithography uses ultraviolet light to etch designs onto silicon wafers coated with photoresist. There are two types of lithography used to make microfluidic chips: photolithography and soft lithography. Photolithography involves using UV light to create molds on silicon wafers, while soft lithography uses those molds to make chips from PDMS polymer. The photolithography process involves priming, coating, exposing, and developing the wafer using a photomask to transfer the desired pattern to the photoresist. There are two types of photoresist - positive and negative - which determine whether the exposed or unexposed areas are removed during development.
1. Thin films are layers of material ranging from fractions of a nanometer to several micrometers thick.
2. Common methods for applying thin films include physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, electrodeposition, and sol-gel.
3. Physical vapor deposition works by controllably transferring atoms from a source to a substrate, with important methods being evaporation and sputtering.
The document provides an overview of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) processes. CVD involves reacting vapor phase chemicals in a chamber to form a thin solid film on a substrate. It can be used to deposit a variety of materials. PVD physically vaporizes a solid material in a chamber and allows it to condense as a thin film on a substrate. Both processes are used to apply thin coatings with improved properties for applications such as semiconductors, protective coatings, and medical and aerospace components.
The document discusses different techniques of soft lithography. It begins by defining lithography and describing conventional lithography techniques like photolithography. It then introduces soft lithography, which was pioneered by George Whitesides and uses elastomeric stamps to transfer patterns instead of light or electrons. The document categorizes and explains different soft lithography techniques like replica molding, microcontact printing, micromolding in capillaries, and solvent-assisted microcontact molding. It discusses the materials, processes, and applications of these techniques.
The following presentation is only for quick reference. I would advise you to read the theoretical aspects of the respective topic and then use this presentation for your last minute revision. I hope it helps you..!!
Mayur D. Chauhan
IRJET-A Review on Utilization of Waste Heat from Automobile Based on Thermoel...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using metal-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles for water treatment in industries. It begins by introducing zinc oxide nanoparticles and the need to dope them with metals like magnesium to modify their properties. It then describes how magnesium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using a sol-gel method. Characterization of the nanoparticles showed they were uniform in size and distribution. Experiments were conducted using these nanoparticles to degrade methylene blue dye in water via a photocatalytic process when exposed to light. The mechanism of photocatalysis is explained where light generates electron-hole pairs that initiate degradation reactions on the nanoparticle surfaces. The goal is to use this process to treat wastewater from industries in an efficient and environmentally friendly
A NOVEL PRECURSOR IN PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NICKEL OXIDE (NIO) A...antjjournal
Synthesis of Nickel Oxide (NiO) nanoparticles and cobalt oxide (CO3O4) materials synthesis by aqueous chemical growth (ACG) Techniques. Oxide based material having a wide band gap, and suitable for optical devices,Optoelectronic devices, UV photodetector, and Light emitting diode LEDs. The analysis
and characterizationof Nickel Oxide (NiO) and cobalt oxide (CO3O4) nanoparticles by(1) X-ray diffraction (XRD), (2) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and (3) Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy.
The document outlines the historical development, advantages, characteristics, and requirements of quantum dot lasers compared to quantum well lasers. It discusses how quantum dot lasers confine electrons through small size and tunable energy levels. While early models had bottlenecks like uniformity issues, breakthroughs in temperature stability and modulation have occurred. Future work aims to control dot positioning and size to reduce inhomogeneous broadening and allow injection of cooled carriers.
we have discussed the following content
Introduction
Construction
Working
QD Laser vs Normal Laser
Market Demand
Application
Characteristics
Advantages
Disadvantages
Conclusion
Summary
This document discusses various approaches for synthesizing nanomaterials, dividing them into top-down and bottom-up categories. Top-down approaches begin with bulk materials and make them smaller, such as through mechanical milling, lithography, sputtering, laser ablation, and electrospinning. Bottom-up approaches build up nanomaterials from molecular components. Common top-down techniques include mechanical milling of materials down to the nanoscale, electrospinning to produce nanofibers, and lithography which uses focused beams of light or electrons to construct nanostructures.
Carbon nanotubes are allotropes of carbon that exist as cylindrical structures with a high length-to-diameter ratio. They can be single-walled or multi-walled depending on the number of concentric cylinders. Carbon nanotubes have extraordinary properties including high strength, stiffness, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity. Due to these properties, carbon nanotubes show promise for applications in electronics, hydrogen storage, solar cells, biosensors, drug delivery, and more.
This document discusses various methods for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). It covers physical approaches like evaporation-condensation and laser ablation. It then discusses several chemical approaches for reduction of silver ions to produce Ag NPs, including reduction by tri-sodium citrate, sodium borohydride, UV irradiation, gamma irradiation, laser irradiation, microwave irradiation, sonochemical reduction, and electrochemical methods. It notes the advantages of these chemical synthesis techniques and how stabilizing agents prevent agglomeration of the nanoparticles.
Chemical Vapour Deposition is a Chemical Synthesis route of Nanomaterials. Specially thin films like Graphene and Carbon NanoTubes are grown by this method.
The document summarizes three common methods for synthesizing nanomaterials: solvothermal, photochemical, and electrochemical.
The solvothermal method involves chemical reactions between precursors in a solvent at high temperature and pressure. Key factors like the solvent, temperature, and duration can control the size, morphology, and uniformity of synthesized nanostructures. The photochemical method uses light sources like UV lamps to initiate chemical reactions. The solvent and wavelength of light are important parameters. The electrochemical method applies a voltage between electrodes in an electrolytic solution to reduce metal ions and form nanoparticles. Parameters like voltage, temperature, electrolyte composition and reaction time can influence nanoparticle size and concentration.
This document discusses the properties and medical applications of nanoparticles. It begins by defining nanoparticles and nanotechnology. It then discusses various methods for synthesizing nanoparticles and their unique properties at the nanoscale. The document outlines several medical applications of nanoparticles, including drug delivery, cancer treatment, surgery, and antibiotic resistance. It provides examples of how nanoparticles can be used for targeted drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, MRI contrast agents, and more. The conclusion reiterates that nanoparticles have increased surface area and novel properties that can benefit medical applications.
Using Nanocoatings: Opportunities & Challenges for Medical DevicesCheryl Tulkoff
There is significant opportunity for improvements in contamination prevention, field performance and cost of medical devices through the use of biocompatible nanocoatings. To be successful using these coatings requires knowledge of the materials and processes on the market, the regulatory status, and the benefits versus risks.
This presentation will provide a clear understanding of the current state of nanocoating technology for medical devices and electronics. There has been an explosion in new coating technologies over the past 24 months. The use of nanocoatings has been driven by the desire for moisture proofing, providing an oxygen barrier ( a hermeticity option) and mitigating tin whiskers. Successful adoption of these coating technologies can lead to improved performance and market differentiation. Inappropriate adoption can drive higher failure rates, recalls and alienation of customers. Obtaining relevant reliability and quality information can be difficult. The information is often segmented for different markets; and, the focus is on the opportunities, not the risks. The primary information sources are either marketing material or confusing, scientific studies. Where is the practical advice?
Photocatalytic degradation of some organic dyes under solar light irradiation...Iranian Chemical Society
Nanoparticles of the ZnO and TiO2 were synthesized and the physicochemical properties of the compounds were characterized by IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD patterns of the ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles could be indexed to hexagonal and rutile phase, respectively. Aggregated nanoparticles of ZnO and TiO2 with spherical-like shapes were observed with particle diameter in the range of 80-100 nm. These nanoparticles were used for photocatalytic degradation of various dyes, Rhodamine B (RhB), Methylene blue (MB) and Acridine orange (AO) under solar light irradiation at room temperature. Effect of the amount of catalyst on the rate of photodegradation was investigated. In general, because ZnO is unstable, due to incongruous dissolution to yield Zn(OH)2 on the ZnO particle surfaces and thus leading to catalyst inactivation,the catalytic activity of the system for photodegradation of dyes decreased dramatically when TiO2 was replaced by ZnO.
This document discusses metallic nanoparticles and their applications in biomedical sciences and engineering. Metallic nanoparticles such as iron oxide nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, and silver nanoparticles have unique properties like high surface-to-volume ratio that make them useful for applications in imaging, drug delivery, and therapy. Various methods for synthesizing these nanoparticles like chemical coprecipitation and conjugating them with ligands allow them to be used as contrast agents for MRI, CT, and other imaging modalities. Targeted delivery of nanoparticles can help image and treat diseases like cancer in a non-invasive manner.
This document discusses nanomaterials and nanotechnology. It defines nanomaterials as materials with structured components less than 100nm in at least one dimension. It describes four main types of nanomaterials: carbon-based, metal-based, dendrimers, and composites. The properties of nanoparticles differ from bulk materials due to their high surface area to volume ratio and quantum confinement effects. Nanoparticles are synthesized using top-down or bottom-up approaches such as sol-gel methods, chemical vapor deposition, and pulsed laser deposition. Nanotechnology has applications in areas like energy, electronics, medicine, and consumer goods.
Photolithography uses ultraviolet light to etch designs onto silicon wafers coated with photoresist. There are two types of lithography used to make microfluidic chips: photolithography and soft lithography. Photolithography involves using UV light to create molds on silicon wafers, while soft lithography uses those molds to make chips from PDMS polymer. The photolithography process involves priming, coating, exposing, and developing the wafer using a photomask to transfer the desired pattern to the photoresist. There are two types of photoresist - positive and negative - which determine whether the exposed or unexposed areas are removed during development.
1. Thin films are layers of material ranging from fractions of a nanometer to several micrometers thick.
2. Common methods for applying thin films include physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, electrodeposition, and sol-gel.
3. Physical vapor deposition works by controllably transferring atoms from a source to a substrate, with important methods being evaporation and sputtering.
The document provides an overview of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) processes. CVD involves reacting vapor phase chemicals in a chamber to form a thin solid film on a substrate. It can be used to deposit a variety of materials. PVD physically vaporizes a solid material in a chamber and allows it to condense as a thin film on a substrate. Both processes are used to apply thin coatings with improved properties for applications such as semiconductors, protective coatings, and medical and aerospace components.
The document discusses different techniques of soft lithography. It begins by defining lithography and describing conventional lithography techniques like photolithography. It then introduces soft lithography, which was pioneered by George Whitesides and uses elastomeric stamps to transfer patterns instead of light or electrons. The document categorizes and explains different soft lithography techniques like replica molding, microcontact printing, micromolding in capillaries, and solvent-assisted microcontact molding. It discusses the materials, processes, and applications of these techniques.
The following presentation is only for quick reference. I would advise you to read the theoretical aspects of the respective topic and then use this presentation for your last minute revision. I hope it helps you..!!
Mayur D. Chauhan
IRJET-A Review on Utilization of Waste Heat from Automobile Based on Thermoel...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using metal-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles for water treatment in industries. It begins by introducing zinc oxide nanoparticles and the need to dope them with metals like magnesium to modify their properties. It then describes how magnesium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using a sol-gel method. Characterization of the nanoparticles showed they were uniform in size and distribution. Experiments were conducted using these nanoparticles to degrade methylene blue dye in water via a photocatalytic process when exposed to light. The mechanism of photocatalysis is explained where light generates electron-hole pairs that initiate degradation reactions on the nanoparticle surfaces. The goal is to use this process to treat wastewater from industries in an efficient and environmentally friendly
A NOVEL PRECURSOR IN PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NICKEL OXIDE (NIO) A...antjjournal
Synthesis of Nickel Oxide (NiO) nanoparticles and cobalt oxide (CO3O4) materials synthesis by aqueous chemical growth (ACG) Techniques. Oxide based material having a wide band gap, and suitable for optical devices,Optoelectronic devices, UV photodetector, and Light emitting diode LEDs. The analysis
and characterizationof Nickel Oxide (NiO) and cobalt oxide (CO3O4) nanoparticles by(1) X-ray diffraction (XRD), (2) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and (3) Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy.
This document discusses composite materials for chromatographic column separations. It describes how composite materials made of organic and inorganic components can overcome limitations of conventional ion exchange resins by exhibiting improved mechanical strength, thermal and chemical stability, ion exchange capacity, and ability to be synthesized in granular form for column operations. Nanocomposites in particular are highlighted as having unusual property combinations and potential applications in areas like drug delivery, corrosion protection, and the automotive and electronics industries. The document outlines several applications of nanocomposites and their potential to enhance sensor performance and open new application horizons.
This document provides an overview of electrodeposition of nanostructure materials. It discusses how electrodeposition is a bottom-up technique that involves the electrochemical reduction of metal ions from an electrolyte solution to deposit a thin metal film on a substrate. The process allows precise control over film thickness and properties at the nanoscale level. Electrodeposition is widely used to synthesize nanostructured materials for applications in electronics, energy storage, and catalysis due to its low cost and ability to control material composition at the nanoscale.
This document provides an overview of a themed issue on nanotechnology for emerging applications. It summarizes 7 review articles that cover topics such as the separation and deposition of nanoparticles, enhancing drug solubility through nanonization, controlling nanocrystal synthesis and growth, green approaches to nanomaterials synthesis, determining the structures of complex mesoporous materials, and computational modeling of gas and liquid separations using metal-organic frameworks. The editor concludes that nanotechnology continues to enable cutting-edge research and development across chemical engineering fields.
For UG / PG students of All Engineering Branches, Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Biotechnology, Food Technology, Nanochemistry, Nanotechnology
Video lecture is uploaded at Youtube with the link
https://youtu.be/crDd1RFlUPo
Fabrication of (Polymer Blend-magnesium Oxide) Nanoparticle and Studying thei...journalBEEI
The document summarizes research on fabricating nanocomposites from a polymer blend of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with varying concentrations of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles. The optical properties of the nanocomposites, including absorbance, transmittance, absorption coefficient, refractive index, extinction coefficient, dielectric constant, optical conductivity, and energy bandgap were studied. The results showed that these optical properties generally increased with higher MgO nanoparticle concentration, while transmittance and energy bandgap decreased. The nanocomposites showed high absorbance in the UV region, indicating potential use for applications like radiation shielding.
IRJET- Optical Properties of Copper Oxides (CuO) and Titanium Oxides (TiO2) N...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the optical properties of copper oxide (CuO) and titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles for use in solar thermal systems. It investigates the nanoparticles' absorption, scattering, and extinction coefficients using Rayleigh's scattering model. The results show that CuO nanoparticles have high absorption and scattering coefficients in the UV range of 200-500nm wavelengths. While scattering decreases above 500nm, absorption remains significant, leading to high total extinction coefficients across the solar spectrum for CuO nanoparticles suspended at concentrations of 2PPM, 4PPM, and 6PPM.
This document summarizes a project to prepare pure and magnesium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of endocrine disrupting chemicals. A group of 5 students will synthesize and characterize 1.5% Mg-doped ZnO using methods like X-ray diffraction and SEM. They will study the effect of time, catalyst loading on photocatalytic degradation of resorcinol. The goals are to prepare and analyze pure and doped ZnO nanoparticles to degrade chemicals like bisphenol and nonylphenol more efficiently through photocatalysis.
IRJET- A Review Article of Nanoparticles; Synthetic Approaches and Wastewater...IRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of nanoparticles and their application in wastewater treatment. It discusses how nanotechnology offers opportunities to improve water purification through the use of engineered nanoparticles. Nanoparticles have a high surface area to volume ratio and can effectively be used as adsorbents to remove contaminants from wastewater. Different types of nanoparticles like metal nanoparticles, dendrimers, zeolites and carbon nanomaterials have been used for water purification and treatment applications. The document reviews various synthetic methods for producing nanoparticles and their mechanisms for removing pollutants from wastewater.
Equilibrium, Kinetics and Thermodynamic studies for Removal of Methy Red dye ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated the equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics of removing methyl red dye using copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized through a green method with Adenanthera Pavonina leaves. The nanoparticles were characterized through various techniques and used in batch adsorption experiments to determine the effect of parameters like pH, concentration, dosage, contact time, and temperature on dye removal. Equilibrium isotherm models, kinetics models, and thermodynamic parameters were also evaluated. The results indicated that dye adsorption fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second order kinetics model. Thermodynamic values suggested the adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic in nature.
A Research Article on Synthesis of Metal Nano Particles by Chemical Reduction...ijtsrd
Nanotechnology is an experimental and engineering technology manipulate at the nanoscale, such as in the field of different compound fabric synthesizing, food processing agriculture processing and as well as in medicinal application. Due to their physical and chemical applications the metal nanoparticles have a great interest in research. A variety of physical, chemical and biological method that can be used for the synthesis of the metal nanoparticle. All the methods have positive advantages as well as some obstruction. In this following review we try to explain recent research on the synthesis and various application of metal nanoparticle. We summarized the different chemical reduction method and briefly explain their application. Vijay Aithekar | Dr. Sangeeta Gautam "A Research Article on Synthesis of Metal Nano Particles by Chemical Reduction Method" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26371.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/nanotechnology/26371/a-research-article-on-synthesis-of-metal-nano-particles-by-chemical-reduction-method/vijay-aithekar
Utilization of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials in Biodiesel Production and P...Adib Bin Rashid
In today’s world, the applications of nanotechnology and nanomaterials are attracting interest in a wide variety of study domains
because of their appealing qualities. The use of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in biodiesel processing and manufacturing is a
focus of research globally. For accelerating the progress and development of biodiesel production, more focus is being given to the
application of advanced nanotechnology for maximum yield in low cost. Hence, this paper will discuss the utilization of numerous
nanomaterials/nanocatalysts for biodiesel synthesis from multiple feedstocks. This study will also focus on nanomaterials’ applications in algae cultivation and lipid extraction. Furthermore, the current study will comprehensively overview the nanoadditives
blended biodiesel in diesel engines and the significant challenges and future opportunities. Moreover, this paper will also focus on
human and environmental safety concerns of nanotechnology-based large-scale biodiesel production. Hence, this review will
provide perception for future manufacturers, researchers, and academicians into the extent of research in nanotechnology and
nanomaterials assisted biodiesel production and its efficiency enhancement.
This document discusses the structural, optical, and electronic properties of ZnO nanoparticles. It begins by describing various synthesis methods for ZnO nanoparticles, including liquid-phase, gas-phase, and vapor-phase methods. It then discusses the wurtzite crystal structure of ZnO and properties that arise from its structure like polarity and piezoelectricity. The document also covers optical and electronic properties of ZnO like its large exciton binding energy and potential optoelectronic applications. Finally, it briefly mentions some applications of ZnO nanoparticles in areas like electronics, optics, sensors, and more.
Optimisation of Biogas Production using NanotechnologyYogeshIJTSRD
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Synthesis MgO nanopowder using Sol-gel technique: A critical review
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Synthesis MgO nanopowder using Sol-gel technique: A critical review
Devesh Kumar1
,Pratish Rawat1
, Jayant Kishor Purohit2
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Poornima University, Jaipur
2
Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Poornima University,Jaipur
Mail ID:devesh.kumar@poornima.edu.in
Abstract
During the last decade, it has realized that when materials are synthesized to nanoscale
dimensions, they will show new and remarkably improved physical and chemical properties. Due
to its wide and major applications, in-depth investigations have been carried out on metal oxide
nanomaterials. A significant amount of research is going on in synthesis and characterization of
MgO/PVA nanocomposites. Some of the literature has been reviewed to get the idea about the
synthesis and characterization of MgO/PVA nanocomposites using sol-gel technique.
Key words: Nano materials, Characterization, Sol-gel
1. Introduction
The investigation was focused on the preparation of MgO nanoparticles due to its significant
bactericidal execution because of the development of O2-
anions at its surface in the watery
arrangement. It shows high bactericidal movement against microscopic organisms, spores, and
infections [1-2]. The upside of MgO nanoparticles is that it has high surface vitality, which could
be dispersed in organic solvents and matrix effortlessly. On consolidating the MgO nanoparticles
into a polymer like polyvinyl liquor (PVA) not just it improves the quality.Furthermore, it totally
changes the physical conditions of the polymer. [3] As a result of these properties shown by
MgO nanoparticles and then formed MgO/PVA nanocomposite, it can be efficiently used as new
antibacterial materials for orthopedic tissue engineering applications as it enhances orthopedic
tissue recovery and lessens bacterial infection. In addition to MgO, NiO nanoparticles were also
prepared as these particles possess wide band gap has an extensive variety of utilizations because
of its high chemical stability and also for its unusual optical and electrical properties and
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catalytic properties and thus finds great applications for the anode layer of solid oxide fuel cells,
cathode material in alkaline batteries, as a catalyst and many more. However, pure NiO has low
conductivity and is therefore not suitable for applications requiring rapid electron transport.
Therefore, some conductive additive materials are often used to improve the conductivity of the
electrode material and used in supply chain industries. [4-7]
Several procedures have been found to synthesize metal oxide nanoparticles like sol-gel method,
solution by combustion, microemulsion method, solid state method, mixed solvent spray
pyrolysis, hydrothermal precipitation, and lot of others simple technical procedures. Control of
synthetic parameters such as temperature, pH, and materializing agents is an important issue in
controlling the size, shape, and morphology of nanoparticles.
All of above state methods; the sol-gel technique has acknowledged much attention in the
synthesis of metal oxides that have unambiguous structural and microstructural features. This is
very simplest and lower cost technologies for synthesizing metal oxides with comparatively high
detailed surface areas at minimum temperatures. By choosing suitable precursors and surfactants,
plus reasonable calcination procedures, metal oxide nanoparticles of uniform shape and size can
be obtained. [8] It has numerousbenefits including excellent chemical homogeneity, high purity,
minimum calcination temperature, and controlled particle size.[9]
2. Nanomaterials and its application
Nanotechnology is defined as the behaviour of the influence of substance on an atomic and
molecular scale. In general, the size of structures processed by nanotechnology varies from 1 to
100 nm in one length and includesrising the smallest one-dimensional material in dimensional
changes. It covers a wide range of areas, from the development of materials with nanoscale
dimensions to the verification of whether we can control substances at the atomic level. Ready to
produce several new materials with multiple uses, for example in medicine, biomaterials, natural
philosophy and energy invention. Nevertheless, nanotechnology increases issues related to the
harmfulness and effect of nanomaterials on the surrounding environment [10], and their impact
on the universal economy.
A subclass of ultrafine particles with a length larger than 1 nm and less than approximately 100
nm in two or three dimensions, and may or may not show size-associated improvements.[11]
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By this definition, there is only one reason Nano object of their sizes ranging from 1 to 100 m to
be classified as nanoparticles, although other sizes are available in the area. (A lower limit of 1 m
finally obtained the right to use nuclear bond is 0.1 m). [12] If the nanoparticles are formed from
nanoparticles circle, the diameter changes in the properties of many common materials, because
the change is greater in size than the surface of the nanoparticles is usually larger surface of the
particles. This makes other reactive molecules. The use of is the use of nanoparticles in the many
fields of its General Calendar. [13]
Therefore, the power of knowledge nanoparticles matter what size they are stored or molecular
structures of nuclear power.
There are three main physical properties of nanoparticles, which are connected: [14]
(1) And the Free State have a very high mobility.
(2) Due to its Nanoscale size, have a very high specific surface areas.
(3) Cannot do this because they are small enough to limit the effects of electrons. For this reason
it is unexpected and optical properties. For example, gold nanoparticles appear in the solution or
dark black. [15]
2.1 Magnesium oxide (MgO)
Magnesium oxide (MgO) or magnesium oxide is a white hygroscopic active mineral that
generally appears in the form of periclase and is a source of magnesium. It has an empirical
formula for MgO and consists of a bionic network of Mg2 +
ions and O2--
ions.
Magnesium hydroxide forms near water,
MgO + H2O → Mg(OH)2
However, it can be changed by heating to separate the water.
Although "magnesium oxide" is often called MgO, magnesium peroxide MgO2 is also known as
a compound. According to the evolutionary prediction of the crystal structure, MgO2 is
thermodynamically stable when the weight exceeds 116 GPa (gigapascals), and the new low-
priced Mg3O2 oxide semiconductor oxide is a thermodynamic constant greater than 500 GPa.
Due to its robustness, MgO is used as a model framework to examine the vibration
characteristics of crystals. [16]
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Extensive classifications divide the methods into bottom-up, atomically, or top-down methods
constructed using methods that involve the process of removing or rearranging atoms to create
the desired structure.
a) Top-down approach
b) bottom-up approach
Why use the sol-gel method?
• This is one of the simplest and cheapest of technologies for the production of pure metal oxides
having a relatively high specific surface area at low temperatures.
• By choosing suitable precursor and surfactants can be obtained in addition to the calcination the
metal oxide nanoparticles out of shape and size. This method also has the potential advantages,
including ease of use, highly productive of purity and the high efficiency, low power
consumption, and lack of special equipment in the work.
• It has many advantages as well as need uniformity, high purity, the less calcination temperature
and controlling the particle size.
• One of the most successful way to nanoparticles to create a system of control of the pore
structure. This process includes two steps: hydrolysis of the metal precursor and condensation of
the gel particles. Is converted into the crystalline calcination of zinc hydroxide is accustomed to
the fact that the matter to be unformed. But it typically occurs in the particles of the
agglomeration of matter, the degree of calcination, which can lead to the system in a matter of a
great lay.
Sol gel method
Infection process of the process of the sun, and in the production of solid materials from small
molecules for the recovery of metal oxides, fourth (Fig. 1). The method consists of the
conversion of monomers in colloidal solution (sol) is used, which is the precursor of integrated
network (or gel), discrete particles or network polymers. Infection also can be said that the sun,
"polycondensation precursor in the formation of high molecular midday related connection
systems."
"Sol-gel process in which the composition is solid nanoparticles dispersed in a liquid (sol),
and also in continuous three-dimensional network."
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A sol can be a stable dispersion of a mixture or polymer in very solvents (the shape is so small
that there is no attractive force, only van der Waals forces and surface charges are present). The
particles can also be amorphous or crystalline. Associative aerosols are very gaseous particles,
while suns are very liquid particles. [17]
A gel can be a semi-rigid substance. Once the solvent from the sun begins to evaporate and the
remaining particles or ions also begin to bond in a very continuous network, a semi-rigid
substance will form.
Fig..1: Sol-Gel Technique [17]
2.2 Sol-gel Processing:
(1) The sol-gel process, the wet-chemical process that chemical solution (in short, a solution is
said to be) or colloidal particles (nano-scale particles of the same) can be used to form an
integrated (gel) network will provide.
(2) Metal alkoxides metal chlorides and lousy run. But go to form Colloids hydrolysis and
polycondensation motion, the system of nanoparticles dispersed in a solvent. It is usual for
inorganic, and the continuous line in diameter that contains the liquid phase (gel).
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(3) The first point of the metal oxide compound includes compound of the metal center with
oxo(M-O-M) or hydroxyl (M-OH-M)a bridge in a metal oxygen and metal hydroxyl polymer to
form in the solution.
(4) Remove dried in the right portion of the gel. Then, heat treatment (calcination) is carried out
to promote a polycondensation and enhance mechanical properties.
3. RECENT RESEARCHES:
Several scientists have worked on the development of MgO/PVA nanocomposite thin films for
use in industrial and medical applications and various analyses have been carried out about the
alterations (or) changes in the properties of PVA by doping of individual nanoparticles. Many
combinations of nanocomposites have been developed for enhancement of properties of
nanoparticles havebeen studied.
Mahdi Aleahmad, Hamidreza gafurius Talegani, Hossein Eisazade (2011) demonstrated that the
successful synthesis of the save / mo nanocomposites use the chemical process using various
surfactants conductivity. Thermal structure and the need to secure high stability different state.
The study showed that the concentration of the Nio, sharpe and which has a major impact on the
electrical conductivity, thermal stability, morphology, and the conversion to save / mo
nanocomposites. The thief show the results indicate that the level of doping of bread / mo
pending
R. E. Nemade S.A. Waghuley (2013) mixed in the studies used for the synthesis of solving
Sprühpyrolysetechnologie MgO nanoparticles. Well MgO nanoparticles are synthesized by spray
pyrolysis in a solvent mixture. The 10 confirmed cristalina pattern formation MgO, the best time
for crystal structure. The Debye Scherrer equation is used to determine particle size, and found
that particle size of 9.2 m.
Sindhu Honmut, Arunkumar Lagashetti A. Venkataraman (2013) report the synthesis and
analysis of nanocomposites and nanocomposites films polyaniline films mo polyvinyl alcohol
(PVA, bread Union) obtained with respect to the aniline polymerization in order to PVA matrix
with ammonium persulfate (APS ) as the oxidant.
Chivukula Srikant, Chakradhar Sridhar B., B. And Nagabhushana R.D. Uniroyal (2014) and
constant conductivity doped dream of a new nanocomposites (PVA) was examined. Having
saved loss. 10 cristalina analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TEM) and
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fungi (SEM) were used to confirm and characterize the obtained PVA Revolutions in their
compounds, NIO presence of polyvinyl dream bow or the formation of compounds.
Gunasekaran Venugopal, George Rosilin, Nivea Shrinivas S. Raghavan, Arun Dakshinamurti:
Anu Jacob and Paul Marahatta Anant Babu (2015) Studies on the structure and properties of
MgO-mechanical PVA nanocomposites films. MgO nanoparticles are obtained need ambition. In
ultrasonic method would be to increase the nanoparticles MgO (2%) PVA suspension and
nanocomposites films are obtained by solving forms.
Shahbaa F. Bdevi, omedia Ch. Abdullah, Bakhtyar C. Aziz3, Ayad A.R. Change (2015)
Synthesis, structure and optical properties embedded in a matrix PVA MgO Nanocrystals have
been killed. In this work, magnesium chloride, sodium hydroxide, and the string is the precursor
and the use of gelatin for Stabilizer. Nanomagnesiumoxid (MGO) was prepared by moisture
need medication.
Agrawal R, Charp SD, and FC Raghuwanshi Lamdhade GT (2015) magnesium nanoparticles
having a molar ratio of 1: 1 was synthesized using the right time. Magnesium hydroxide, sodium
nitrate and raw materials that are used. MGO) nanoparticles kind of liquid time. 10 cristalina
analysis showed that the size of Nanocrystalline MgO, a molar ratio of 1:1
.
4.Conclusion:
The following conclusions made by results are as follows:
MgO and NiO nanoparticles MgO/PVA &NiO/PVA nanocomposites were successfully
synthesized by asol-gel method, followed by characterization of the same nanoparticles
and films.
Structural analysis obtained by SEM reveals that the MgO and NiO nanoparticles formed
consists of nanoclusters formed with aggregates of the respective nanosizedparticles
while that of MgO/PVA and NiO/PVA thin films also shows agglomerated nanosized
particles with a nearly uniform distribution of MgO nanoparticles doped in the PVA
matrix.
References
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