Passive Cooling Techniques in Buildings: An Overview

Juni Khyat ISSN: 2278-4632
(UGC Care Group I Listed Journal) Vol-10 Issue-6 No. 8 June 2020
Page | 119 www.junikhyat.com Copyright ⓒ 2020 Authors
Passive Cooling Techniques in Buildings: An Overview
Saurabh Mathur1
, Pratish Rawat1
,Jayant Kishor Purohit2
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Poornima University, Jaipur
2
Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Poornima University, Jaipur
Abstract
There has been a forceful lengthen inner the employment of aircon equipment for cooling the
constructions everywhere the worldwide. The closing decade has witnessed a intense electricity
disaster in developing international locations specially all through summer time mainly because of
refrigerationcapacity wishes of houses. Increasing consumption of strength has brought about
environmental pollution principal to heating. Inactive cooling structures use non-mechanical
techniques to require care of a cozy indoor temperature and a key area of self-belief in mitigating the
have an influence on of structures at the atmosphere. Passive cooling strategies will reduce back the
peak cooling load in homes, for that motive decreasing the dimensions of the aircon laptop and
therefore the dimension that it is generally needed. This paper opinions and severely analyzes
several passive cooling strategies and their operate in imparting thermal alleviation and its
importance in electrical electricity conservation.
Keywords: Natural Cooling, Passive cooling, Techniques, climatically layout, electricity
conservation.
1. Introduction
Lastera has sawan extreme power disaster in creating worldwide areas specifically at some stage in
summer time season specially thanks to refrigeratingcapacitynecessities of houses. Potential
depletion in properties is type of excessive and forecast to any extend due to the fact of up desires of
existence and developing world population. Aircon use has associate in Nursing increasing range of
penetrated the market at some motive of the earlier years and significantly contributes inside the
increase of complete strength intake [1-4].
1.1 Skill of overhangs, louvers and awnings for shading etc.

Indian manufacturing industries are facing an enormous pressure to become more flexible and
responsive, to accomplish customer’s varied and increasing demands[5-6].Well-made control and
shading gadgets, every components of a placing up or one thru one set froma constructing facade,
will dramatically limit decrease lower back developing top warmth profits and cooling desires and
decorate the flavoring lights better of developing interiors. The planning of high-quality shading
devices can be governed by the solar positioning of a precise constructing front. For occasion,
simple consistent overhangs are terribly extraordinary at shading south-going thru home windows
within the summer time as soon as superstar angles are excessive.
However, a comparable horizontal device is useless at preventative low afternoon solar from
transferring into west- looking home windows all via pinnacle warmness reap durations inside the
summer.
1.2 Roof Shading
Roof shading will be a critical approach of lowering warmness improvement. Roofs are often
sheltered with the resource of manner of provisionroof cowl of concrete or plants or canvas. Shading
geared up the aid of exterior suggests that shouldn't intervene crafted, affords security from direct
radiation. Disadvantage of this strategy is that, it does not allow fleeing of heat to the surroundings
in the lifeless of nighttime.
A cowl of deciduous flowers will be a greater strong various. Wrapping of the full space with the
carefully packed inverted cloth pots, as was once being worn-out typical homes, can prolong the area
for radioactive emission. Insulating cowl over the roof impedes warmness drift into the constructing.
1.3 Shading with the useful resource of bushes and vegetation
Appropriate landscaping is frequently one amongst the essential elements for energy management in
homes.
Vegetation, terribly successfully coloration and limit heat advantage. Trees are typically used with
attain to coloration roof, walls and windows. Shading and evapotranspiration (the method with the
aid of suggests that a plant actively launch water vapor) from timber will reduce again encompassing
air temperatures the utmost volume as 5°C. Differing patterns of vegetation (trees, shrubs, vines) are
regularly certain on the thinking of their increase dependency (tall, low, dense, lightweight
permeable) to supply the required credentials of shading for several window orientations and things
[7].

1.4 Technique of Insulation
The effect of separation is to reduce decrease back warmness profit and heat loss. The greater
insulation for the measurement of a developing exteriorenvelope, the widespread much less
warmness transferred into or out of the creating thanks to temperature difference between the within
and exterior. Insulation to boot controls the interior training effulgent temperature (MRT) via
suggests that of putting apart the internal surfaces from an effect on of the ground things, and
moreover reduces draughts created by using manner of temperature variants among walls and air.
Insulation is of wondrous price whereas a building entails mechanical heating or cooling and helps
reduce the space-conditioning masses. Air cavities inner partitions or Associate in Nursing attic
residence internal the roof ceiling mixture limit the celebrity warmth advantage issue, thereby
lowering space-conditioning masses. The ordinary performance improves if the void is ventilated.
Heat is transmitted by capacity of the air cavity by way of using mistreatment convection and
radiation [8].
2 Iatrogenic air go with the flow techniques
2.1 celeb chimney
A sun chimney will be a present day machine that induces flavoring air float with the resource of
mistreatment the thermal-buoyancy impact.
The shape of the chimney absorbs big name power for the duration of the day time, thus heating the
engulfed air inside. Consequently air is drawn from the putting up into Associate in nursing open
getting equipped to rock backside of the chimney. The air drainedoutside thebuilding by chimney, is
swapped with the aid of using suggests that of shut air. However, if air is hotter latter within the
house, as an end result of it commonly is for the length of the day in heat climates, the continuing
use of the huge identify chimney can then start to heat the shape of the building cooled nightlong.
The celebrity chimney is utilized to exhaust heat air from the constructing at a quickly rate, as a
result improving the cooling capability of incoming air from clearly unique openings [9].
2.2 Airapertures
Roofs with curvature and air outlets are applied together for the inactive cooling of air in hot and dry
climates,where dirty winds create wind towers unworkable, outfitted to unwed units, they work
properly in warm and dry and warmness and moist climates. A hole inside the apex of the rounded

or cylindrical roof with the defending cap over the vent directs the wind across it. The moving
forward at the very excellent affords air flow and gives Associate in Nursing destroy out path for
correct air gathered at high. Arrangements might also moreover be created to draw in air from the
extraordinary a neighborhood of the shape as replacement, to line up limitless waft and funky the
living house areas.
2.3 Wind tower
The water and outlet of rooms set off cool air movement as quickly as associate in nursing water is
furnished to the rooms with associate in nursing outlet on the alternative aspect. It resembles a
chimney, with one cease internal the basement or limit floor and as a end result the choice at the
roof. The great achievable component is cut up into many vertical air areas ending within the
openings inside the elements of the tower. Interior the presence of wind, air is cooled more with
success and flows faster down the tower and into the residing location. The device works with
success in warmness and dry climates somewhere diurnal variations are high suggests the area and
element of a wind tower [10].
2.4 Radioactive cooling
Roofs developed are often used each as a nocturnal radiator and in addition as a chilly store. It is
generally a economical answer. For the length of the night the roof is uncovered during the
nighttime, trailing warmth with the help of long- wave radiation and moreover with the useful
resource of convection at some stage in the day, the roof is outwardly insulated if you would like to
attenuate the warmness exact factors from radiation and for this reason the shut air.
2.5 Roof pool
The utilization of roof pool will decrease temperature with the resource of shut to 20°C. Whereas
shielding the pool open at some rationale of getting darkish the water is cooled thru mistreatment
nocturnal cooling. The lined pool interior the route of the day gives cooling because of the have an
impact on of nocturnally cooled water pool and on definitely special facet the thermal insulation cuts
off the radiation from the roof. The desktop are commonly used for heating inside the route of the
wintry weather through operative the machine honestly reverse. The movable insulation is eradicated

at some stage in day consequently the water of pool receives heated with the help of radiation and
heating the constructing. The pool is roofed in night time to limit decrease returned the thermal
losses from the roof and so the predicament inside the pool transfers heat into building [11].
2.6 Section alternate cooling
Evaporative cooling is additionally a passive cooling method at some cause of that out of doorways
air is cooled with the aid of evaporatingwater before it is delivered interior the constructing. On the
other hand passive phase alternate cooling to boot will be indirect. The roof are usually cooled with a
pool, wetted pads or spray, and therefore the ceiling made over into a cooling component that cools
the residence under by convection and radiation while no longer elevating the indoor humidness.
2.7 Passive draught segment trade cooling (PDEC)
Passive draught phase alternate cooling structures contains a draught tower with wetted
polysaccharide pads at the most high-quality of the tower. Water is disbursed on the most fantastic
of the pads, prolonged at the lowest into a sump and re-circulated with the resource of suggests that
of a pump. positive patterns go away out the re-circulate pump and use the pressure inside the
deliver water line to sporadically surge water over the pads, acquiring obviate the want for any
energy input. in a very few styles, water is sprayed the employment of micronizes or nozzles in
vicinity of pads, in others, water is formed to drip. Thus, the towers ar organized with segment
exchange cooling gadgets at the very magnificent to supply cool air with the help of gravity flow.
These towers ar usually represented as reverse chimneys [12]. Whereas the column of warmness air
rises inner the direction of a chimney, in the route of this case the column of cool air falls. The air
float relies upon on the potency of the phase trade cooling tool, tower top and pass by section,
moreover due to the truth of the very fact the resistance to air go with the flow inside the cooling
tool, tower and form (if any) into that it discharges. Passive draught area trade cooling appliance has
been used accurate at the Torrent evaluation Centre in Ahmedabad. The within temperatures of
twenty 9 -30 °C have been recorded whilst the floor temperatures had been forty three - forty four
°C. Six to 9 air changes per hour had been allotted on unique floors.
2.8 Roof floor part trade cooling (RSEC)

In a tropical united states of thus like Asian nation, the heatoccurrence on rooftops is very
immoderate in summer, leadingto heating of rooms underneath them. Roof surfaces are often
genuine and inexpensively cooled by means of capacity of covering water over appropriate water-
retentive materials (e.g., burlap luggage) cowl the roof floor. Wetted roof flooring affords the
evaporation from the roof thanks to unsaturated close air. However, the water demand for
sucharrangement is very excessive and it is a most important constrain within the arid vicinity to
undertake this device.
2.9 Earth air tunnel
The use of earth as a conductor or a supply for cooling/heating air in buried pipes or underground
tunnels has been a sworn announcement to monotheism and Persian design. The air passing via a
tunnel or a buried pipe at a depth of few meters receives cooled in summers and heated in winters.
Parameters like area of pipe, amount and depth of the tunnel at a lower place ground, wetness of the
globe, humidness of water air rate, have an effect on the change of heat amongst air and as a result
the encircling soil.
2.10 Earth berming
In Associate in nursing earth covered constructing or earth bermed form the ablated infiltration of
out of doorways air. Besides reducing solar and convective heat profits, such constructions can
additionally create use of the cooler sub-surface flooring as a conductor. Thence with regard to
thermal comfort, Associate in Nursing earth included setting up affords a giant passive approach
suggests the operative rule of earth berming internal the course of summer time season and wintry
weather things [13].
2.11 chemical agent cooling
Desiccant cooling is high-quality in heat and wet climates. Natural cooling of bodily physique
throughsweating would no longer manifest in terribly moist things. Therefore, a person's tolerance to
warmth is reduced and it turns into charming to minimize the humidness level. Interior the chemical
agent cooling technique, chemical agent salts or mechanical dehumidifiers are accustomed minimize
humidness inner the atmosphere. Materials having excessive affinity for water are used for
dehumidification. They will be constant like mixture, corundum gel and activated corundum, or
drinks like triethylene glycol. Air from the floor enters the unit containing desiccants and is dried

adiabatically beforehand than transferring into the room. The desiccants are regenerated through
manner of sun energy. Sometimes, chemical agent cooling is employed together with section
alternate cooling, that adjusts the temperature of air to the preferred comfort degree [14].
3. Conclusion
In this paper many passive cooling techniques have been reviewed and referred to with relation to
theirlayout implications and fine arts interventions. The persevered growth of power intake of aircon
suggests a extra profound examination of the city environment Associate in nursing and
consequently have an impact on houses to boot on an extended bundle of passive cooling ways
appropriate comparison ought to intention at increased information micro-climates spherical
buildings, and to well recognized and describe remedy requirements beneath transient prerequisites
for the length of the summer time length. Moreover of cost are up fantastic aspects, growing most
fulfilling passive and hybrid cooling systems, and in the end, creating advanced substances for the
building envelope.Theoretical research have proven that the appliance of all of the on pinnacle of
tactics in constructions mightlower their cooling load to 5 hundredth - seventieth. Generally, subject
for electricity consumption.
References:
1.Devesh Kumar, O. Maulik, S. Kumar, Y.V.S.S. Prasad, V. Kumar, Phase and thermal study of
equiatomicAlCuCrFeMnW high entropy alloy processed via spark plasma sintering, Materials
Chemistry and Physics, vol. 210 (2018) pp 71-77
2.Devesh Kumar, O. Maulik, A.S. Bagri, Y.V.S.S. Prasad, V. Kumar, Microstructure
andcharacterization of mechanically alloyed equiatomicAlCuCrFeMnW high entropy alloy, Mater.
Today Proc. 3 (2016) 2926-2933
3.Saurabh Mehrotra, PratishRawat , Mary Debbarma and K. Sudhakar, Performance of a solar panel
with water immersion cooling technique, International Journal of Science, Environment ISSN 2278-
3687 (O) and Technology, Vol. 3, No 3, 2014, 1161 – 1172
4.PratishRawat, Pardeep Kumar, Performance Evaluation of Solar Photovoltaic / Thermal (PV/T)
System International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) Volume 4 Issue 8, August 2015
5.Jayant K. Purohit,M. L. Mittal,Sameer Mittal &Milind Kumar Sharma, Interpretive structural
modeling-based framework for mass customisation enablers: an Indian footwear case, Pages 774-
786, Apr 2016, Production Planning & Control 27 (9), 774-786

6.Jayant K. Purohit, M. L. Mittal, Milind Kumar Sharma, Sameer Mittal, Appraisement of Mass
Customization Capability Level Using Multi-grade Fuzzy Approach, CAD/CAM, Robotics and
Factories of the Future pp 821-830
7. MA Kamal,. Energy Conservation with Passive Solar Landscaping, Proceedings on National
Convention on Planning for Sustainable Built Environment, M.A.N.I.T., Bhopal, pp. 92-99, 2003.
8. M. Majumdar Energy efficient buildings of India, Tata Energy Research Institute, New Delhi,
2001.
9. S. Barbera, G. Gammarata, L. Margani, and Marietta, L. Performance analysis of a
Mediterranean building retrofitted with solar chimney, Proceedings of the Third Passive and Low-
Energy Architecture Conference, Mexico, pp. 879-888, 1984.
10. X. Berger, M. Schenider, J. Deval, F. Kieno, C. Awanou and I. Donet Thermal comfort in hot dry
countries: radiative cooling by a diode roof, Proceedings of the Third Passive and Low- Energy
Architecture Conference, Mexico, pp. 960-967, 1984
11. D. Jain Modeling of solar passive techniques for roof cooling in arid regions. Building and
Environment, Vol. 41, pp. 277-287, 2006.
12. T. L Thompson, N. V. Chalfoun and M. R. Yoklic Estimating the performance of natural
draft evaporative coolers, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 35, pp-909, 1994.
13. J. K. Nayak and J. Prajapati A. Handbook on energy conscious buildings, Project Report, IIT
Mumbai, 2006.
14. M. Santamouris Passive cooling of buildings, Advances of Solar Energy, ISES, James and
James Science Publishers, London, 2005.

Passive Cooling Techniques in Buildings: An Overview

More Related Content

What's hot

Similar to Passive Cooling Techniques in Buildings: An Overview

More from Pratish Rawat

Recently uploaded

Passive Cooling Techniques in Buildings: An Overview