This document discusses various switches and sensors for integrated control systems. It provides details on magnetic cylinders that use reed switches or magnetic sensors to detect piston positions. Reed switches are small, fast, and easy to install. Solid state proximity sensors can replace limit switches. The document describes the operating principles and specifications of reed switches, solid state sensors, inductive proximity sensors, and vacuum electric and solid state switches. It includes diagrams of typical connections and applications.
Field Effect Transistor is a transistor that is voltage controlled devices. It has higher input impedance and less sensitive to temperature variations.
In this presentation we discussed about of push button switches and its uses. If you are looking manufacturers of push button switches then you are feel free to visit to web portal of tradeindia where you can find all top class suppliers and exporters of push button switches.
Field Effect Transistor is a transistor that is voltage controlled devices. It has higher input impedance and less sensitive to temperature variations.
In this presentation we discussed about of push button switches and its uses. If you are looking manufacturers of push button switches then you are feel free to visit to web portal of tradeindia where you can find all top class suppliers and exporters of push button switches.
The three terminals of the FET are known as Gate, Drain, and Source.
It is a voltage controlled device, where the input voltage controls by the output current.
In FET current used to flow between the drain and the source terminal. And this current can be controlled by applying the voltage between the gate and the source terminal.
So this applied voltage generate the electric field within the device and by controlling these electric field we can control the flow of current through the device.
The basics of electronics can be watched through the link http://bit.ly/2PPv0mv
A Diode is a semiconductor device with two terminals, typically allowing the flow of current in one direction only.
a thermionic valve having two electrodes (an anode and a cathode).
Full custom digital ic design of priority encoderVishesh Thakur
The enhancement on a simple encoder circuit, in terms of handling all possible input combinations has lead to the development of special circuits known as Priority Encoders. These circuits facilitate in compressing several inputs into numerous small outputs. The quality feature of these encoders is encoding the inputs just to make sure that only highest order lines are encoded. The result or output of the priority encoder should be a binary representation of ordinal numbers articulated in BCD format. In addition, these also manage interrupt requests through high priority request. Whenever there is more than one active input at same time, then highest priority input will be given more preference. One can find priority encoders in standard or normal IC form such as TTL 74LS147 or TTL 74LS148. Basically, the former encodes 9 datelines to 4 lines as in (8-4-2-1) BCD. And the latter expresses 8 datelines to 3 lines as in 4-2-1 (octal) binary. In order to provide octal expansion with no requirement of external circuitry, one needs Cascading Circuitry. Data inputs and data outputs are active even at low levels. Priority encoders find wide range of applications as in keyboard encoding, range selection,
Bit level encoding, code converters and generators.
this is presentation about light emitting diode. it includes it working, figure and application. also shows the live example of led. it also contains its preference website..
any changes suggested are welcomed..
The three terminals of the FET are known as Gate, Drain, and Source.
It is a voltage controlled device, where the input voltage controls by the output current.
In FET current used to flow between the drain and the source terminal. And this current can be controlled by applying the voltage between the gate and the source terminal.
So this applied voltage generate the electric field within the device and by controlling these electric field we can control the flow of current through the device.
The basics of electronics can be watched through the link http://bit.ly/2PPv0mv
A Diode is a semiconductor device with two terminals, typically allowing the flow of current in one direction only.
a thermionic valve having two electrodes (an anode and a cathode).
Full custom digital ic design of priority encoderVishesh Thakur
The enhancement on a simple encoder circuit, in terms of handling all possible input combinations has lead to the development of special circuits known as Priority Encoders. These circuits facilitate in compressing several inputs into numerous small outputs. The quality feature of these encoders is encoding the inputs just to make sure that only highest order lines are encoded. The result or output of the priority encoder should be a binary representation of ordinal numbers articulated in BCD format. In addition, these also manage interrupt requests through high priority request. Whenever there is more than one active input at same time, then highest priority input will be given more preference. One can find priority encoders in standard or normal IC form such as TTL 74LS147 or TTL 74LS148. Basically, the former encodes 9 datelines to 4 lines as in (8-4-2-1) BCD. And the latter expresses 8 datelines to 3 lines as in 4-2-1 (octal) binary. In order to provide octal expansion with no requirement of external circuitry, one needs Cascading Circuitry. Data inputs and data outputs are active even at low levels. Priority encoders find wide range of applications as in keyboard encoding, range selection,
Bit level encoding, code converters and generators.
this is presentation about light emitting diode. it includes it working, figure and application. also shows the live example of led. it also contains its preference website..
any changes suggested are welcomed..
Piping Training course-How to be an Expert in Pipe & Fittings for Oil & Gas c...Varun Patel
Course Description
Piping a must know skill to work in Oil & Gas and similar Process Industries.
Oil and Gas industry is become a very competitive in the current time. Getting right mentor and right exposer within industry is difficult. With limited training budget spent by company on employee training, it is difficult to acquire the knowledge to success.
Knowing cross-functional skill give you an edge over others in your career success.
This course design based on years of field experience to ensure student will comprehend technical details easily and enjoy overall journey.
Learn in detail every aspect of Pipe & Pipe Fittings used in process industry
•Different types of Pipe, Pipe fittings (Elbow, Tee, reducers, Caps etc.), Flanges, Gaskets, Branch Connection, Bolting materials
•Materials (Metal-Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel, Alloy Steel etc. Non-Metal- PVC/VCM, HDPE, GRE-GRP etc.)
•Manufacturing methods
•Heat treatment requirements
•Inspection and Testing requirements (Non Destructive Testing, Mechanical & Chemical testing)
•Dimensions & Markings requirements
•Code & Standard used in piping
Content and Overview
With 2 hours of content including 30 lectures & 8 Quizzes, this course cover every aspect of Pipe, Pipe fittings, flanges, gaskets, branch connections and bolting material used in Process Piping.
This Course is divided in three parts.
1st part of the course covers fundamental of process industries. In this Part, you will learn about fundamental process piping. You will also learn about Code, Standard & Specification used in process industries.
2nd part cover various types of material used in process industries. In this part, you will learn about Metallic and Non-Metallic material used to manufacture pipe and other piping components.
3rd parts covers in detail about pipe and piping components used in Process piping. In this part we will learn about Industry terminology of Piping components, types of industrial material grade used in manufacturing and entire manufacturing process of these components. You will learn about different manufacturing methods, Heat treatment requirements, Destructive and Non-destructive testing, Visual & Dimensional inspection and Product marking requirements.
Upon completion, you will be able to use this knowledge direct on your Job and you can easily answer any interview question on pipe & fittings.
Electromagnetic Flow Monitor magphant. Switchpoint setting via rotary switch; Local potentiometer setting of fullscale value; Can be set-up before installation. Email: lam.nguyen@vietan-enviro.com HP: 0945 293292
We are an ISO 9001:2015 certified manufacturer & exporter of level sensing, measurement, indication and control instruments.
Trumen came into existence in 2009 and initially started with manufacturing of Tuning Fork Level Switches for liquid and solid applications. With time, the manufacturing range increased with addition of Capacitance Level Transmitter & Capacitance Level Switches, RF Admittance Level Switches, Rotating Paddle Level Switches, Conductivity Type Level Switches, Vibrating Rod Level Switches, Hydrostatic Level Transmitter, Radar Level Transmitter & Ultrasonic Level Transmitter.
Trumen is a technocrat driven organization aimed at providing top-of-the-range and high quality level measurement and process control instruments. Formed by the pioneers who devoted their respective lives in development, design and delivery of solution to the problems faced in the field of level sensing and process measurements. Trumen has a fixed point agenda about "sensing matters", and each device created at Trumen is thoroughly tested to pass the quality norms set in-house, in order to give the best performance in all operating conditions.
Address: 39, Mangal Nagar, Behind Sai Ram Plaza, Near Rajeev Gandhi Circle, AB Road, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452001
Web: https://trumen.in/
Contact: 0731 497 2065
#PointLevelSwitches
#LevelTransmitter
#IndicatorControllerTransmitter
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#IndicatorControllerTransmitter
Khoa Học - Kỹ Thuật & Giải Trí: http://phongvan.org
Tài Liệu Khoa Học Kỹ Thuật: http://tailieukythuat.info
Thiết bị Điện Công Nghiệp - Điện Hạ Thế: http://dienhathe.org
Catalog LS, Catalog,
Catalog Thiết Bị Điện LS, Catalog Thiết Bị Điện,
http://dienhathe.com,
Chi tiết các sản phẩm khác của LS tại https://dienhathe.com
Xem thêm các Catalog khác của LS tại https://dienhathe.info
Để nhận báo giá sản phẩm LS vui lòng gọi: 0907.764.966
Follower Capsule type Level Gauges are suitable for Non-Magnetic Fluids only.
The follower is actuated by a magnetic float, which moves with the liquid level in the tank.
MOC of Float : SS 316 or, specific on request
Level Indication : can be min 300 mm up to 1500 mm. (or, special as per client''s requirement)
Display type : Continuous level indication by Red coloured follower magnet
Level Indicating Scale : one no. Aluminium Scale of 25 mm width with 10 mm intervals
Mounting : From side of the tank using the Bypass asembly or, on the top of the tank.
Reed Switches : Externally settable Reed Switches can be provided with DIN plug or, in Flameproof housings
(max. up to 4 nos.)
A simulator to reproduce fast rise-up noises which are generated when switching ON / OFF electric current on the inductive load.
It can be used for performance evaluation of electronic equipment upon reproduction of line noises which are intruded to the power supply lines or induced noises onto the telecommunication lines.
oise simulator can simulate high frequency noise generated ON/OFF at contact point of switch or relay, arc caused by electric motor. It can evaluate the resistibility of electric devices.
Pulse contains high frequency and by energy volume is changeable by adjusting pulse width. The high reproduction noise test of noise trouble in the market can be conducted.
To solve the trouble in the market high frequency, energy volume of test pulse can be adjustable
Follower Capsule type Level Gauges are suitable for Non-Magnetic Fluids only.
The follower is actuated by a magnetic float, which moves with the liquid level in the tank.
MOC of Float : SS 316 or, specific on request
Level Indication : can be min 300 mm up to 1500 mm. (or, special as per client''s requirement)
Display type : Continuous level indication by Red coloured follower magnet
Level Indicating Scale : one no. Aluminium Scale of 25 mm width with 10 mm intervals
Mounting : From side of the tank using the Bypass asembly or, on the top of the tank.
Reed Switches : Externally settable Reed Switches can be provided with DIN plug or, in Flameproof housings
(max. up to 4 nos.)
An Electromagnetic flow meter that can handle low conductivity fluidsManasMicrosystems
Full Bore Electromagnetic Flow Meter by Manas Micro called SROAT-1000 virtually approaches the ideal flow meter suitable for a wide range of liquid flow measurements even with very low conductivities. The meter offers no resistance to flow hence the pressure drop is almost negligible. The measurement is based on Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, which is independent of viscosity, density, pressure & temperature of the flowing medium. The measurement is not affected by solid impurities, as long as the minimum conductivity of 5µs/cm is available. We even offer a special model that can work with a minimum conductivity of 2µs/cm. It is a true volumetric flow measurement. We offer various materials of construction for meter lining & electrodes to cover the majority of corrosive liquids.
Model approved with Weights and Measurement Certificate and Seal
Excellent Linearity & Accuracy
Typically better than ± 0.5% Pulse or frequency output is also available optionally.
Measurement is independent of any density, viscosity, pressure, temperature, solid impurities, and conductivity variations (> 5µs/cm). A special model is available that can handle conductivity variations >2µs/cm.
Features
The use of pulsed DC magnetization and the auto-zero technique offers excellent long-term zero stability.
The measurement is independent of the velocity profile across the diameter of the pipeline.
Measurement results are independent of density, viscosity, pressure, temperature, solid-impurities, and conductivity variations [above 5 µs / cm].
No additional pressure drop across the meter relieves the process designer while sizing his pumping requirements. It is simple to install, as no special precautions for straight pipe lengths are required.
Compatible with virtually all corrosive and non-corrosive liquids.
The protection class offered IP 68 for the flow sensor, IP 67 for the transmitter.
Reasonable higher ratio of return on investment to investment.
Applications
Effluent Treatment Plants
Sewage Treatment Plants.
Water Supply Schemes.
Steel & Aluminum.
Sugar Industries & Distilleries.
Pulp & Paper
Chemical / Pharmaceutical.
Petrochemicals / Fertilizers.
Food & Drugs.
Level switches utilizing the conductivity principle are applicable to liquids with conductivity higher than 10 μS/cm. For detecting the level, probes are immersed into the tank. These probes, and in some cases the conductive tank wall, serve as contacts of an electric circuit. Multiple probes of differing lengths can be extended into the tank. Each probe length should extend to the level to be detected. As the tank fills or empties, electrical conductivity between the tank wall (or the reference probe) and the level measurement probes in the tank will change, due to the liquid media creating or removing a conductive path between the monitored points. The established connections will be detected and will activate a relay providing an output signal.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
1. Switches and Sensors
For integrated control systems
Presemtatiom By Waqar Aziz
waqaraziz370@gmail.com
2. Contents
Introduction
Magnetic cylinders
Reed switch principle
Sensor principle
QM/45/* range
QM/33,34,134 range
M/40,41,42 range
Inductive proximity
sensors
Cable capacitance
Vacuum electric switch
Vacuum electronic switch
Click the section to advance directly to it
3. Introduction
Typical electro-pneumatic systems
consist of:
magnetic cylinders and solenoid
valves for dynamic power
reed switches and sensors for
feedback
electronic logic for control
Reed switches and solid state
magnetic sensors are fitted to
cylinders to feedback particular
positions of the piston
Solid state proximity sensors can be
used to replace limit switches, for
detecting the position of
mechanisms or other moving parts
Reed switches and solid state
sensors are small, fast, easy to fit
and adjust. They simplify
installation on to the machine
application
4. Magnetic cylinders
Magnetic cylinders have a band of magnetic material inset around the circumference
of the piston
The polarity is in parallel with the axis of the cylinder
The barrel is made of non ferrous material
By placing reed switches along the outside of the cylinder, signals can be given at the
extreme and intermediate positions of stroke
Click the illustration to start and stop animation
5. Reed switch principle
A basic reed switch consists of a small glass tube containing soft iron contact
reeds normally sprung open
When a magnetic field is in range the reeds will become magnetic
The ends will be of opposite polarity and pull themselves together
Click the illustration to start and stop animation
6. Magnetic sensor principle
In the presence of a magnetic field the magnetoresistive sensor has a lower
resistance. This causes current to be drawn from the base of the transistor
turning it on
The circuit incorporates l.e.d., reverse polarity protection diodes and
suppression diode for an inductive load
+V
load
sensor
N
S
0V
7. Reed switches and sensor
Slim cylindrical housing
PVC cable in 2 or 5 metre lengths
Optional very flexible polyurethane cable
With or without l.e.d. indicator
Range of four reed switches and one solid state sensor
8. Reed switches
Basic reed switch
Shown connected to a relay or solenoid coil with diode suppression for d.c.
application
10 to 30V a.c./d.c.
Maximum switching power 10 W/VA
Protection diode
for d.c. only
QM/45/RAP
0V
Blue
Brown
Coil
+V
9. Reed switches
Reed switch with l.e.d. indicator
Three wires emulating p.n.p. sensor
Current sourced on the black wire to the coil
Resistor protects l.e.d. from over voltage
Protection diode
QM/45/LAP
0V
Black
Coil
Blue
0V
Brown
+V
10. Reed switches
Reed switch with l.e.d. indicator and two wires only
Current sourced on the black wire to the coil
Zener diode provides small voltage drop to turn on l.e.d.
10 to 240V a.c./170V d.c. 10 W/VA maximum
Shown with VDR for suppression a.c. or d.c.
QM/45/LAP
Voltage dependant
resistor (VDR)
0V
Blue
Brown
Coil
+V
11. Reed switches
Reed switch with l.e.d. indicator
Three wires emulating n.p.n. sensor
Current sunk on the blue wire from the load to 0V
Resistor protects l.e.d. from over voltage
Protection diode
+V
QM/45/LAN
Black
Load
Brown
+V
Blue
0V
12. Solid state switches
Solid state magnetically operated p.n.p. output
Used for applications where vibration levels are unsuitable for reed switches
Magnetoresistive sensor element
‘Sensor on’ l.e.d. indicator
10 to 30 V d.c. 200mA maximum
QM/45/EAP
brown
+V
blue
0V
coil
pnp
black
protection diode
0V
13. Reed switches and sensors
Neat cylindrical housing with fixed or plug-in cable
Straight or 90o plug-in connector cables
Optional: very flexible polyurethane cable or
high temperature (150oC) silicon cable
With or without l.e.d. indicator
Wide range of reed switches and solid state sensors
14. Reed switches
Plain reed switch
brown +V
QM/33
Plain change-over reed switch
Three wire reed switch with l.e.d.,
emulating p.n.p. sensor and plug-in
cable
Three wire reed switch with l.e.d.,
emulating n.p.n. sensor
Two wire reed switch with l.e.d.
Load
blue
QM/33/C
black
blue
0V
Load
Load
0V
0V
brown +V
QM/34/P
QM/34/N
brown +V
blue 0V
Load
black
0V
blue 0V
brown +V
Load
black
+V
brown +V
QM/34/S
blue
Load
0V
15. Solid state sensors
Output p.n.p. fixed cable
Output p.n.p. plug-in cable
QM/134
pnp
Output n.p.n. fixed cable
Output n.p.n. plug-in cable
brown +V
blue 0V
black
1
3
QM/134/P
pnp
4
QM/134/N
black
npn
black
QM/134/X
0V
4
Load
+V
blue 0V
brown +V
3
npn
Load
blue 0V
brown +V
1
QM/134/N/P
0V
brown +V
blue 0V
Pulse stretcher. Output p.n.p. fixed
cable. When operated and released
output will remain on for a further
30 ms approximately. Suitable for
part stroke position on fast
operating cylinders
Load
black
Load
+V
brown +V
blue 0V
black
Load
0V
16. Reed switches and sensors
Low profile with dove tail slide for cylinders with integral track in extruded
body
Screw tightening
Fixed cable or plug-in connector cables straight or 90o
With or without l.e.d.
17. Reed switches and sensors
Low profile with dove tail slide for cylinders with integral track in extruded
body
Screw tightening
Fixed cable or plug-in connector cables straight or 90o
With or without l.e.d.
18. Reed switches
brown
+V
Two wire with l.e.d. 10 to 240V
a.c./170V d.c.
With high temperature cable
With very flexible polyurethane
cable
Two wire with l.e.d. and plug in
cable 10 to 60V a.c./74 d.c.
Change-over contacts without l.e.d.
M/40
blue
TM/40
Load
0V
M/40/*/PU
brown
+V
M/40/P
Load
M/40/C
black
blue
brown
Load
Load
0V
blue
0V
0V
+V
19. Solid state magnetic switches
Output n.p.n. 10 to 30V d.c. 200
mA maximum
Output p.n.p. 10 to 30V d.c. 200
mA maximum
Output p.n.p. with very flexible
polyurethane cable
Output p.n.p. with plug-in cable
M/41
M/42
blue 0V
brown +V
npn
black
pnp
black
1
3
pnp
+V
brown +V
blue 0V
M/42/*/PU
M/42/P
Load
4
Load
0V
brown +V
blue 0V
black
Load
0V
20. Inductive proximity sensors
Sense the presence of metal near the
M/P28473
tip
Used as a limit switch for
mechanical parts
Depending on type:
M/P70104/1&2
Range 0.8 to 2 mm
M/P70104/3&4
Switching frequency 500 to 2000 Hz
With or without l.e.d.
M/P70104/5&6
10 to 30 or 6 to 30 V d.c.
Normally closed or normally open
M/P70104/7&8
p.n.p. output
M/P70104/9
brown
pnp
+V
blue
black
Load
0V
brown
pnp
+V
blue
black
Load
0V
21. Cable capacitance
Long leads above the standard cable length become a long thin capacitor
+V
(equivalent circuit
)
0V
Closing the switch shorts the capacitor, the instant high current overloads and
damages the switch contacts
Fit an inductor (470µH) close to the switch. This damps the surge but has a low
steady state resistance
+V
0V
L
470µH
+V
Load
Standard leads
Extended leads
0V
22. Vacuum electric switch
Switches contacts at a vacuum set
point
Adjustable between zero and 0.8 bar
absolute
Normally open and normally closed
versions
Up to 250V a.c./d.c. 2A max
Repeatability + or - 0.1 bar
Reset differential 0.2 bar
23. Vacuum solid state switch
Analogue output 1 to 5 V
proportional to vacuum
Solid state switched output at
vacuum set point
Adjustable reset hysteresis
Adjustable from zero to 1bar
absolute
Output n.p.n. or p.n.p. vesions
set point
hysteresis
U
+V dc supply (brown)
Analog out (white)
Switch out (black)
Load
0 V (blue)
U
+V dc supply (brown)
Analog out (white)
Switch out (black)
Load
0 V (blue)