a well edited and simply described presentation on SUSTAINABLE SANITATION with very effectively self described charts and related pictures

1. Sustainable
Sanitation
Name :-Gourav Kumar
Enrollment no.:-228/11
Roll no :-62

2. Introduction
A Sustainable sanitation service
is generally understood to be a
system that is affordable to the
community and the local
government over a long term
period without having adverse
effects on the environment.

3. What sanitation is about
 Personal and household hygiene
 Solid waste management
 Greywater disposal
 Safe excreta disposal
Traditional interpretation:

4. Sustainable sanitation
- a review
Management
& organisation
Residents´ views
& actions
Physical arrangements
including technology
The challenge is to protect our health
and the environment
This challenge can be
addressed, if
management, residents,
policies, technology and
engagement are in place

5. How do we perceive sanitary conditions?
What functions must a sustainable system fulfil?
Learning objective:
To become familiar with various
sanitary conditions in the world,
functions of sanitation, and to foster a
critical under-standing of statistics and
other data.
1.1 Sanitary Conditions

6.  2.5 billion people (35% of the world's population 2010)
lack so called improved sanitation
 18% of the world's population lack safe water supply
 10% of all wastewater in developing countries is treated
 The combined effects of poor personal and domestic
hygiene and lack of safe water and good environmental
sanitation is considered the most important risk factor
for disease and death
Sanitation – ‘the silent crisis’

7. Source: Stockholm Water Front, No. 4 December 2007
House or yard Connected to
connection for water a sewer
(%) (%)
Africa 43 18
Asia 77 45
Latin America & 77 35
Caribbean
Oceania 73 15
Europe 96 82
North America 100 96
Proportion of households in connected to
piped water and sewers

8. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Africa Asia LA & C America Europe
Source: UNDP & UNICEF 2003 (Fig. 3.13)
Wastewater - collected and treated by
effective treatment plants

9. Upgrading environmental sanitation in
dense settlements
before after
What Next?

10. Diseases related to excreta and wastewater
Disease Mortality
(death/year)
Burden of
disease
Comments
Diarrhoea 1 800 000 62 000 000 99.8% of deaths occur in dev.
countries; 90% are children
Typhoid 600 000 Data not
available
Estimate: 16 million cases/year
Ascariasis 3 000 1 800 000 Estimate: 1.45 billion infections,
of which 350 million suffer
adverse health effects
Hookworm
disease
3 000 60 000 Estimate: 1.3 billion infections of
which 150 million suffer adverse
health effects
Schisto-
somiasis
15 000 1 700 000 Found in 74 countries, 200 million
estimated infected, 20 million with
severe consequences
Hepatitis A Data not
available
Data not
available
Estimate: 1.4 million cases/yr.
Source: WHO, 2006

11. Source: UNICEF and World Health Organization, 2012
Sanitation coverage trends by developing
region, and urban-rural divide 1990-2010

12. 12

14. 1
2
3
4
5
6
Hazardous waste reduction
Nutrient reuse – (i) X% of excreted N, P, K is reused
for crop production, (ii) Y% of used water is reused
Hazardous waste containment
Access – (i) 24-hr access to facility year-round, (ii) privacy, personal security and shelter,
(iii) no smell, (iv) preferrably indoors and accessible to men, women, children, elderly
Greywater management – (i) no stagnant water in compound or in streets,
(ii) no vectors, (iii) no avoidable pollution e.g. fat or paint residues
A SANITATION LADDER for improved
functions
Excreta containment – (i) in use, (ii) no vectors , (iii) no faecal matter , (iv) hand-washing
facility in use

15. Requirements on sanitation arrangements
Inside the home (old requirements):
- hygienic and protecting human health
- comfortable (indoors, no smell, easy to clean, security)
Outside of the home requirements (new! ):
- save resources (little/no water, reuse nutrients, little energy)
- protect the environment (ground & surface water, soil, air)

16. Sanitary inspectors in Sweden described the sanitary
conditions in the workers´ living quarters as deplorable with
stagnant storm water and awful smell, and causing ill health
(1870s). However, infant mortality in such areas did not
differ from that in richer areas with piped water and sewers.
Lack of sanitary precaution by all classes was the reason.
Example

17. Sanitation versus Water
 Sanitation viewed as less important
 People assumed to be uninterested
 Is less of a public concern, and
attracts little public investment in
poor urban areas up to now
 Water “will do the trick”
 Everyone wants water
 Water supply is a public
concern, and attracts public and
private investments

18. Conclusion
 Sustainable sanitation is an approach that
considers sanitation holistically.
Sustainable sanitation is necessary so as to
decrease the degradation of environment as
well as to decrease its ill effect on hygiene of
households and the public.

19. THANK
YOU
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