This document discusses superficial mycosis, which are fungal infections that occur in the non-living, outer layers of skin. It describes common types like pityriasis versicolor, tinea nigra, and piedra. It also discusses dermatophytosis (ringworm infections) caused by dermatophyte fungi, which can infect the skin, hair, and nails. Laboratory methods for diagnosing superficial mycoses include microscopic examination of skin or hair samples and culturing samples on selective media to identify the causative fungi.
it is based on Harrisons and Davidson text book of internal medicine and Anathanarayanan textbook of microbiology. many clinical pictures have been embeded for better understanding. most common conditions seen in dermatology wards.
it is based on Harrisons and Davidson text book of internal medicine and Anathanarayanan textbook of microbiology. many clinical pictures have been embeded for better understanding. most common conditions seen in dermatology wards.
Superficial Mycoses Mycology - Tinea Versicolor / Tinea Nigra/Piedra
For Downloading PDF note
As the channel name suggests, our channel will be a perfect lounge for the malayali medicos..we wil be covering videos which will be like lecture classes related to the subjects biochemistry and microbiology in which we are specialised.. It will be a better learning experience for the students especially for those who are not able to understand and follow the normal classes in college..we assure the students that you will get a basic idea regarding the topic and extra reading can be done from the reference textbooks..
Qualification
AHLAD T O
Maneesha M Joseph
MSc MLT (Microbiology)
Assistant Professor
Baby memorial college of allied Health science
Kozhikode
Our Partner Channel
Health & Voyage channel link - https://youtu.be/nzKqRVjlwc0
#Superficial Mycoses Mycology microbiology
#Medical
#Microbiology
#Superficial Mycoses Mycology malayalam lecturer
#Mallu Medicos Lounge
##MalluMedicosLounge
#MLT
#Tinea Versicolor
#Tinea Nigra
#Piedra
Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially serious infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs. The bacteria that cause tuberculosis are spread from person to person through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes.
Medical Mycology Black Piedra and White Piedra.pptxDeborahAR1
Black piedra is a fungal infection of the hair shafts. It is also known as Trichomycosis nodosa. The fungal elements are attached to the hair shaft to form nodules along the hair shaft. It predominantly affects scalp hair, although involvement of the beard, mustache and pubic hairs is also known.
White Piedra is a superficial fungal infection of the hair caused by Trichosporon asahii. It is also known as trichomycosis nodosa or trichomycosis nodularis.
Superficial Mycoses Mycology - Tinea Versicolor / Tinea Nigra/Piedra
For Downloading PDF note
As the channel name suggests, our channel will be a perfect lounge for the malayali medicos..we wil be covering videos which will be like lecture classes related to the subjects biochemistry and microbiology in which we are specialised.. It will be a better learning experience for the students especially for those who are not able to understand and follow the normal classes in college..we assure the students that you will get a basic idea regarding the topic and extra reading can be done from the reference textbooks..
Qualification
AHLAD T O
Maneesha M Joseph
MSc MLT (Microbiology)
Assistant Professor
Baby memorial college of allied Health science
Kozhikode
Our Partner Channel
Health & Voyage channel link - https://youtu.be/nzKqRVjlwc0
#Superficial Mycoses Mycology microbiology
#Medical
#Microbiology
#Superficial Mycoses Mycology malayalam lecturer
#Mallu Medicos Lounge
##MalluMedicosLounge
#MLT
#Tinea Versicolor
#Tinea Nigra
#Piedra
Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially serious infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs. The bacteria that cause tuberculosis are spread from person to person through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes.
Medical Mycology Black Piedra and White Piedra.pptxDeborahAR1
Black piedra is a fungal infection of the hair shafts. It is also known as Trichomycosis nodosa. The fungal elements are attached to the hair shaft to form nodules along the hair shaft. It predominantly affects scalp hair, although involvement of the beard, mustache and pubic hairs is also known.
White Piedra is a superficial fungal infection of the hair caused by Trichosporon asahii. It is also known as trichomycosis nodosa or trichomycosis nodularis.
Microsporum a pathogenic fungi Which comes under dermatophytes and cause ringworm infection and fungal infection on skin.
All the Introduction, morphological characteristics, pathogenesis, lab diagnosis and treatment given here.
If you want better understanding go on to mine YouTube channel linked below:
https://youtu.be/2wbsB8jxv6o
There you can find other more interesting topics related to microbiology.
Dermatophytes are molds (multicellular filaments of organisms) that require keratin for nutrition and must live on stratum corneum, hair, or nails to survive. Human infections are caused by Epidermophyton, Microspores, and Trichophyton species.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
1. Dr. Arun Kumar Parthasarathy Ph.D
Dept. of Microbiology
D.Y Patil Medical College, Kolhapur
Superficial Mycosis
2. Fungal infection in human can be classified
according to the tissues involved
• Superficial Mycosis
• Subcutaneous mycosis
• Systemic mycosis
• Opportunistic mycosis
Fungal infection in humans are broadly classified
into two types depending on the tissue affected
1.Superficial and
2.Deep mycosis
3.
4. Superficial Mycosis
Surface Infections
•Fungi live exclusively on the
dead layers of the skin and its
appendages
•They have no contact with
living tissue and no elict
inflammatory response
•Only changes produced are
cosmetic effects
•Example:- Tinea (Pityriasis
versicolor), Tinea nigra and
pidra
Cutaneous infection
•Infection generally confined
to the cornified layer of the
skin and appendages
•Various inflammatory and
allergic responses are induced
in the host by the presence of
fungus and by their metabolic
products
•Dermatophytosis caused by a
group of fungi called the
Dermatophytes
5. Superficial Mycosis
Pityriasis versicolor (Tinea versicolor):-
Chronic, usually asymptomatic involvement of the stratum
corneum
Distribution:-
• Worldwide distribution
• More prevalent in tropics
• Occurs mainly in young adults
Causative agent:-
• Malassezia furfur (formerly Pityrosporum orbiculare)
Lipophilic, yeast –like fungus
6. Clinical features:-
Characteristic discrete or confluent
macular areas of discolorisation or
depigmentation occur on the skin of the
chest, abdomen, upper limbs and back.
The fungus may be demonstrated on
normal skin and the disease may be
considered an opportunistic infection.
Diagnosis:-
Examination of skin scrapings shows
an abundant of yeast like cells and short,
branched filaments.
The fungus can grown on Sabouraud
dextrose agar covered with layer of olive oil.
7. Tinea nigra
Localized infection of stratum corneum,
particularly of the palms, producing black or
brownish macular lesions
Distribution:- Mainly occurs in Tropics
Causative agent:-
1. Exophiala werneckii (formerly Cladosporium
wernickii, Hortea wernickii)
2. Exophiala castellanii
Diagnosis:-
Skin scraping show brownish, branched,
septate hyphae and budding cells.
Colonies on Sabouraud dextrose agar
are grey or black in color.
8. Piedra
Fungal infection of hair
Characterized by the presence of firm, irregular nodules
along the hair shaft,
These nodules composed of fungal elements cemented
together on the hair
2 varieties of Piedra are recognized
1. Black piedra- Piedraia hortae
2. White piedra – Trichospora beigelii
9. Cutaneous Mycoses
(Dermatophytoses)
Dermatophytoses (commonly called tinea or ringworm) refers to
infection of keratinized structures (Hair, Nail and Skin).
Caused by group of Ketaniophilic fungi called Dermatophytes
Infection may be acute or chronic
Chronic course with episodes of remission and exacerbation
Characteristics of Dermatophytes:-
• Hyaline filamentous fungi that digest keratin by enzymatic but
unable to invade living tissue
• Variety of pathological changes occur in the infected host
because of fungi and their metabolic products
• Resist to chlorhexidine
• Classified into 3 groups depending on their usual habitat.
10. Genera of Dermatophytes
3 genera of Dermatophytes
1. Microsporum (16) -M. gypseum, M.canis, M.nanum
2. Trichophyton (24)– T.rubrum, T.mentagrophytes,
T.verrucosum
3. Epidermatophyton (1) - E. floccosum
About 40 species of Dermatophytes are known to
cause infections in humans and animals
11. Clinical aspects of Dermatophytosis
More common in males than females
Clinical classification is according to the anatomical site involved
1. Tinea barbae (barber’s itch)- involves the bearded area of the
face and neck
2. Tinea corporis (Tinea glabrosa)- ringworm of smooth or non-
hairy skin of the body
3. Tinea imbricata- special type of T.corporis found in tropics,
characteristics extensive concentric rings of papulosquamous
scaly patches
4. Tinea capitis- ringworm of scalp, favus and Kerion are variants
5. Tinea cruris (jock itch)- involves the groin and perineum
6. Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)- ringworm of the foot
7. Tinea manuum- involves the hand
8. Tinea unguium- involves the nails
12.
13. Dermatophytoses-Causative agent
Sr.No Disease Common causative agents
1 Tinea capitis Microsporum species
Trichophyton species
2 Favus Microsporum gypseum
Trichophyton schoenleinii
Trichophyton violaceum
3 Tinea barbae Trichophyton rubrum
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Trichophyton verrucosum
4 Tinea imbricata Trichophyton concentricum
5 Tinea corporis Trichophyton rubrum and other Dermatophytes
6 Tinea cruris Epidermatophyton floccosum
Trichophyton rubrum
7 Tinea pedis Epidermatophyton floccosum
Trichophyton rubrum
14. Clinical features:-
Lesion in the skin tend to be circular, dry,
erythymatous, scaly and itchy
Lesions of the hair include Kerion, scarring and
alopecia
Favus:- A chronic type of ringworm in which dense
crusts (Scutula) develop in the hair follicles, leading
to alopecia and scarring
Kerion:- sever boggy lesions with marked
inflammatory reaction that sometimes develops in
scalp due to Dermatophytes
• Nails infected by Dermatophytes are deformed,
friable and discolored and there is accumulation of
debris under the nails.
• In lesions Dermatophytes appear as hyphae and
arthrospores
15. Pathogenicity
Dermatophytes grow only on the keratinized
layer of the skin and its appendages
Do not ordinarily penetrate living tissue
Mechanisms of pathogenesis are unclear
Fungal products may responsible for inciting
local inflammation
Hypersensitivity of fungal infection may play a
vital role and may be responsible for sterile
vesicular lesions
The reaction may follow oral antifungal therapy
and confused with an allergic drug reaction
Called dermatophytids (or id reactions)
Hypersensitivity can be demonstrated by skin
testing with fungus antigen trichophytin
16. Laboratory diagnosis
Specimens:-
Scraping of skin and nail
Short length of plucked hair from scalp
Scraping are taken from the edges of ringworm
lesions
Direct Microscopy examination:-
• 10-20% KOH wet mount preparation
• Suspected Tinea capitis, fungal elements
looked by exposure to UV light (wood’s lamp
examination). Infected hair will fluorescent
• 2 types of hair infection may be
distinguished in wet mounts
• Ectothrix- arthrospores are seen as a
sheath surrounding the hair
• Endothrix- arthrospores are inside the
hair shaft
17.
18. Culture:-
Sabouraud glucose neopeptone agar containing Chloramphenicol
Sabouraud dextrose agar containing Chloramphenicol and
Cycloheximide
Dermatophytes Test Medium (DTM)
Cycloheximide –Inhibits the saprophyte molds,
Gentamicin- and Chlortetracycline- Inhibit the bacteria
Phenol Red- indicator changes yellow to red within 14 days when
the medium is alkaline as a result of dermatophytes.
Temp:- 25-30 ºC upto 21 days
19. Colony Character
Trichophyton:- Colonies may be powdery, velvety or waxy
with pigmentation characteristic of different species.
Macroconidia- usually rare, elongated and blunt ends,
smooth, thin walls & Variable in shape (Cylindrical, fusiform or
clavate), vary in number of septa (2-8) and in size (20-50 X 4-6
µm). They are arranged in singly or in clusters
Microconidia- abundant , arranged in clusters along the hyphae
on conidiophores
Hyphae:- Special type of hyphae ,
Spiral hyphae
Racquet hyphae
Favic chandeliers
20. Microsporum:- colonies are velvety, cottony or powdery with
white to brown pigmentation
Macroconidia- Numerous, typically thick walled and rough
(varying from minutely to strongly roughened)
Varying in shape (fusiform to obovate)
No. of septa :- 3-15 and size:- 5-100 X 3-8 µm
Microconidia- Scarce, pyriform or clavate, usually arranged in
singly along the sides of the hyphae.
21. Epidermatophyton:- colonies are powdery and greenish
yellow
Microconidia- Absent
Macroconidia- club shaped, 2-6 septa,
Size:- 20-40 X 6-8 µm in size
Thin and slightly thick walled and are singly or clusters
22. Trichophyton mentagrophytes White to tan, cottony or powdery pigment variable
Trichophyton rubrum Velvety, red pigment on reverse
Trichophyton violaceum Very slow growing , waxy, violet or purple pigment
Microsporum canis Cottony, orange pigment on reverse
Microsporum audouinii Velvety, brownish slow growing
Microsporum gypseum Powdery buff colored
Epidermatophyton floccosum Yellowish green, powdery
Colony Character
26. Hair Perforation test
Useful in differentiating Trichophyton rubrum from T.mentagrophytes
To observe hair perforation, short (5-10mm)strands of human hair
placed in a Petri dish with 20 ml of autoclaved distilled water
2 or 3 drops of 10% sterilized yeast extract are added to the petri dish
Hair strands are inoculated with small fragments of test fungus grown
of SDA
Incubate at 25-30C and the hair stands are removed and observed
microscopically at weekly intervals upto 1 month
T.rubrum- surface erosin of hair shafts in this test
T.Mentragrophytes – wedge shaped perforation perpendicular to hair
shaft
27. Urease test
Useful for distinguishing isolate of T.mentagrophytes from T.rubrum
Urease splits urea in Christensen's medium, producing ammonia,
which raises the pH and causes a color from amber to pink (Phenol
red)
T.mentagrophytes- produces bright pink color (positive)
T.rubrum- No color change (Negative)
