The document summarizes research on inkjet-printed graphene for flexible micro-supercapacitors. Graphene is an ideal electrode material due to its high surface area, conductivity, and stability. The researchers used graphene oxide ink that was reduced to graphene after printing. Printed graphene films were highly porous with a surface area of 282 m2/g. Electrochemical testing showed the printed graphene achieved a capacitance of 132 F/g and could be charged and discharged rapidly while retaining 97% of its capacitance over many cycles. The research demonstrated inkjet printing as a scalable method for producing graphene-based flexible micro-supercapacitors.
Thesis Defense Presentation ONE-STEP PROCESS FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL FABRIC...chrisrobschu
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are electrochemical devices that convert the chemical energy of a fuel to electrical energy. They offer clean, efficient, and reliable power and they can be operated using a variety of fuels. There are two major obstacles for commercializing the SOFC technology: reducing processing cost and increasing operating lifetime. The cost reduction necessary for commercialization of SOFC technology will not be met by optimization alone. Mass production techniques must be developed for SOFCs to be competitive with current power generating devices. The current cost goal of $400 / kW can only be met by improved processing techniques. Hot pressing as was investigated at Boston University as a novel processing technique to fabricate the planar SOFC in a single step. By removing multiple batch processing steps and simplifying the manufacturing process, considerable cost reduction can be achieved over current manufacturing processes. Additionally, the flexibility of hot pressing can improve interfacial contact and functionally grade interfaces to reduce polarization losses. Finally, by optimizing the process, the processing time and cost can be greatly reduced.
Fundamental knowledge related to ceramic processing, sintering, and hot pressing to successfully hot press a single operational SOFC in one step has been developed. Ceramic powder processing for each of the components of an SOFC has been tailored towards this goal. Processing parameters for the electrolyte and cathode were investigated and optimized to attain convergence. Several anode fabrication techniques were investigated and a novel anode structure was developed and refined. Based on these results single SOFC cells were fabricated in one step.
Thesis defense schumacher_Dec 2002
Solar Cells: when will they become economically feasibleJeffrey Funk
The cost of solar cells are rapidly falling through increases in efficiency and reductions in cost per area. But the installation costs have become the largest part of solar cells costs and their costs are not falling. How can these costs be reduced. These slides discuss the potentially installation costs for perovskite and organic cells, along with a general discussion of costs and efficiency. this general discussion covers roll to roll printing and a wide number of solar cells (e.g., quantum dots, cadmium telluride, cadmium indium gallium selenide).
Thesis Defense Presentation ONE-STEP PROCESS FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL FABRIC...chrisrobschu
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are electrochemical devices that convert the chemical energy of a fuel to electrical energy. They offer clean, efficient, and reliable power and they can be operated using a variety of fuels. There are two major obstacles for commercializing the SOFC technology: reducing processing cost and increasing operating lifetime. The cost reduction necessary for commercialization of SOFC technology will not be met by optimization alone. Mass production techniques must be developed for SOFCs to be competitive with current power generating devices. The current cost goal of $400 / kW can only be met by improved processing techniques. Hot pressing as was investigated at Boston University as a novel processing technique to fabricate the planar SOFC in a single step. By removing multiple batch processing steps and simplifying the manufacturing process, considerable cost reduction can be achieved over current manufacturing processes. Additionally, the flexibility of hot pressing can improve interfacial contact and functionally grade interfaces to reduce polarization losses. Finally, by optimizing the process, the processing time and cost can be greatly reduced.
Fundamental knowledge related to ceramic processing, sintering, and hot pressing to successfully hot press a single operational SOFC in one step has been developed. Ceramic powder processing for each of the components of an SOFC has been tailored towards this goal. Processing parameters for the electrolyte and cathode were investigated and optimized to attain convergence. Several anode fabrication techniques were investigated and a novel anode structure was developed and refined. Based on these results single SOFC cells were fabricated in one step.
Thesis defense schumacher_Dec 2002
Solar Cells: when will they become economically feasibleJeffrey Funk
The cost of solar cells are rapidly falling through increases in efficiency and reductions in cost per area. But the installation costs have become the largest part of solar cells costs and their costs are not falling. How can these costs be reduced. These slides discuss the potentially installation costs for perovskite and organic cells, along with a general discussion of costs and efficiency. this general discussion covers roll to roll printing and a wide number of solar cells (e.g., quantum dots, cadmium telluride, cadmium indium gallium selenide).
Feasibility Of Graphene Inks In Printed Electronics V5Vishnu Chundi
Presentation delivered at the International Conference on Nanoscience and Technology,India, January,2012. Evaluating the technical and commercial aspects of using graphene inks for printed electronics applications. Suggested a road-map for the future applications. Touches upon the competing technologies for ITO replacement. Performed SWOT analysis of graphene inks
Novel technique for hybrid electric vehicle presentation 1Manish Sadhu
Problem Summary:
Higher demand of current results an important heating of the battery, this heating will generate several consequences, firstly a reduction of lifespan of the battery and secondly a significant loss of capacity. Supercapacitors are used in series with a power battery to provide power requirement in transient state. An energy battery is placed in parallel, this battery gives the power in steady state.
Detailed Description Problem:
Modern batteries (e.g., Li-ion batteries) provide high discharge efficiency, but the rate capacity effect in these batteries drastically decreases the discharge efficiency as the load current increases. Electric double layer capacitors, or simply supercapacitors, have extremely low internal resistance, and a battery-supercapacitor hybrid may mitigate the rate capacity effect for high pulsed discharging current. However, a hybrid architecture comprising a simple parallel connection does not perform well when the supercapacitor capacity is small, which is a typical situation because of the low energy density and high cost of supercapacitors. A new battery-supercapacitor hybrid system that employs a constant-current charger. The constant current charger isolates the battery from supercapacitor to improve the end-to-end efficiency for energy from the battery to the load while accounting for the rate capacity effect of Li-ion batteries and the conversion efficiencies of the converters.
Excepted Outcome:
The supercapacitor will take an important part for the improvement of the energetic efficiency of the embarked systems and in the reduction of batteries replacement. Supercapacitor increases the performance motor at accelerated and reaccelerated mode. Also increases the life span of the battery. Indeed the supercapacitors will not be used as source of pure energy, because of their weak energy mass, but rather of complement to the battery, providing the strong demands of power. The supercapacitor solution as source of power is clearly interesting; however the cost of the kilowatt per hour remains higher than for the batteries lead-acid (approximately 30 times more) but with a weight and volume weaker.
Other Description:
Supercapacitors are widely used for energy storage in various applications. Specifically, supercapacitors are gaining more attention as energy storage elements for renewable energy sources which tend to have a high charge-discharge cycle frequency, and demand high cycle efficiency and good
Depth-of-discharge(DOD) properties. There are several related battery-supercapacitor hybrid architectures in the literature on hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). A bidirectional converter-based approach is introduced for the regenerative brake-equipped HEVs. A DC bus-based architecture for the battery-supercapacitor hybrid system is described in. However, it is difficult to directly apply these architectures to portable applications because they are designed for the HEV which involves high-power op
Gas Sensor Technology and Market - 2016 Report by Yole DeveloppementYole Developpement
Gas sensors on the verge of massive market adoption
Air quality is becoming a major concern, and therefore gas sensors are increasingly attracting interest. Gas sensing technologies are not new. Gas sensors embedded in gas detectors for defense and industrial safety applications form a highly regulated and mature market. But the growing awareness of the air quality challenge humankind faces is creating new applications and opportunities. These include gas sensors in consumer products like home devices, wearables and smartphones, or for buildings and cars, including indoor/in-cabin air quality monitoring.
Yole Développement’s Gas Sensor report estimates that the gas sensor market is currently growing, driven by Heating, Ventilation Air Conditioning (HVAC) and future consumer applications. It was worth $560M in 2014 and will reach almost $920M in 2021, at 7.3% CAGR. An upside market of almost $65M in 2021 is possible if gas sensors are widely adopted in consumers products.
There are numerous market drivers that will contribute to the growth:
• Driven by better energy management, the building market will experience 13.6% CAGR for a total market estimated at $237M in 2021.
• The medical industry is looking for very high sensitivity for asthma attack sensors or oxygen sensors for breath control.
• Consumer applications such as wearables and smartphones are driving the development of new gas sensors to reduce cost, power consumption and size with MEMS technologies.
• Driven by the desire for better outdoor air quality control, the environmental market will grow at almost 19% CAGR.
• The transport market is driven by oxygen sensors and future depollution applications.
The consumer market is very attractive as it can drive very large volumes depending on user case adoption, cost and technical maturity. The smartphone industry has revolutionized the sensor industry as mobile applications today aggregate ever more sensors. Gas sensors could be the next to be integrated in smart phones and/or wearables. As we believe that user cases are crucial for wide adoption of gas sensors in consumer products, we have built a list of potential applications and benchmarked them.
14 technologies du domaine de l'énergie proposées par les chercheurs aux indu...BoursesTechnos
Une sélection nationale de 14 technologies issues des organismes publics de recherche. Ces technologies sont proposées par les chercheurs aux industriels dans l'objectif d'un transfert technologique ou d'un projet de R&D collaboratifs
Bootstrap Business Seminar 5: Creating an Awesome BrandCityStarters
The 5th Seminar in our Bootstrap Business Seminar series looks at how to create an awesome brand with Creative Director at Branding Agency One Ltd, Ben Mumby-Croft.
Anatomy of Brain by MRI
In this presentation we will discuss the cross sectional anatomy of brain. Then we will discuss the Most common diseases to be evaluated by brain imaging.
In my opinion this presentation is a road map for beginars.
Graphene: the world's first 2D material. Since graphene's isolation in 2004, it has captured the attention of scientists, researchers, and industry worldwide.
Anomalous Behavior Of SSPC In Highly Crystallized Undoped Microcrystalline Si...Sanjay Ram
Microcrystalline silicon is a heterogenous material. We show that different effective DOS distribution can be possible for micro-structurally different μc--Si:H thin films
Vapor phase cutting of carbon nanotubes using a nanomanipulator platform-ms&t...Paul McClure
This presentation by Xidex at MS&T'10 shows how Xidex's NanoBot system, equipped with gas delivery, can be used to "edit" carbon nanotube based nanodevices. For more details, please visit www.xidex.com.
Nano Technology & Nano Materials
by Ray Fernando, PHD
California Polytechnic State University
Polymers and Coatings Program
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
San Luis Obispo, CA
www.polymerscoatings.calpoly.edu
Delivered 22 June 2009 @ SLINTEC
Similar to IEEE Nano 2011 micro-supercapacitor (20)
1. Inkjet-Printed Graphene for
Flexible Micro-Supercapacitors
IEEE NANO Conference
August 15-18, 2011, Portland, Oregon
Woo Lee
George Meade Bond Professor
Stevens Institute of Technology
Hoboken, New Jersey
Linh T. Le and De Kong, Stevens
Dr. Matthew Ervin, U.S. Army-ARL
Dr. Brian Fuchs and J. Zunino, U.S. Army-ARDEC
2. Graphene:
A New 2D Nanomaterial for 3D Assembly
• Novel Properties www.jameshedberg.com
– Electrically conductive
– Optically transparent
– Mechanically strong & conformal
– High surface area
– Chemically & electrochemically inert
• Diverse Production Methods
– $50/kg anticipated in 3 years for
graphite-derived
• Inkjet-Printed Graphene 3D Assembly with
Micropatterns Inkjet-Printed
– Electrodes for cheap, flexible energy 2D Graphene Nanosheets
storage & generation devices
3. Conventional Supercapacitor
Simon et al.,
Separator Nature Materials,
“−” Ions “+” Ions 2008
Current Current
Collector Collector
Activated Activated
Carbon Carbon
Electrode Electrode
Concept Flexible
Micro-Supercapacitor Device Attributes
Integration with flexible electronics
Silver Current
Higher specific power (~100x
Collectors
batteries)
Hermetic
Seal
Rapid charge/discharge times
Millions of charge/discharge cycles
Kapton Graphene Electrolyte Stable at extreme temperatures
Electrodes
4. Graphene: Ideal Electrode Material
Activated Carbon Graphene
Carbon Nanotubes
Sheet a Yoshida et al, J. Power
Sources, 1996
Resistance 100-500a 10-100b 1000c b Wu et al, Science, 2004
(Ω/ ) c Reina et al, Nano Letters, 2008
*Based on 74 µF/cm2 with KOH
Surface Area 500 1320 2630
(m2/g) (Actual) (Theoretical) (Theoretical)
Capacitance* 120 977 1954
(F/g) (Actual) (Theoretical) (Theoretical)
Can we control the 3D assembly
of conformal graphene
nanosheets during printing and
More
Corrugation? therefore their morphology for
high surface area, ion transport,
and electrical conductivity?
5. Inkjet-Printed Graphene Micropatterns
Vertical Alignment of
16 Piezoelectric Nozzles
20 Droplets
www.dimatix.com
5 ppm Carbon Nanotubes
10 pL Droplet
in Water
25 mm
Process Attributes
• 50 mm resolution
• Net-shape with minimum
nanomaterial use, handling
& waste generation
• Scale-up & integration
readiness with commercial
printers
Le et al., Electrochemistry Communications, 13, 355 (2011)
6. Graphene Oxide in Water as Scalable Ink
Hydrophilic
Graphene Oxide Stable
Dreyer el al., Chem. Soc. Rev.,
Suspension (0.5%)
2010, 39, 228-240 for Months
w/o Surfactant
High-Throughput Droplet Generation
Reduction to Graphene
• Thermal in hours
• Photothermal in minutes
7. Significant Size & Shape Variations
in Graphene Oxide Ink
Other Characteristics
– z potential: −20 mV
– Viscosity: 1.06 mPa.s
– Surface tension: 68 mN/m
1 mm
13. Incompatible
Performance with Inkjet- • Microwave for
Printed Flexible corrugated GO
Graphene • KOH activation to
Printed Electronics
(Powder create 1-10 nm pores
Graphene
Methods) Aligned MWCNT [4] • 3100 m2/g [5]
Capacitance ~100[1]
(F/g) 132
~117[2]
Energy
Density 4.1[2] 6.74
(Wh/kg)
Specific Power (kW/kg)
Power
Density 10[3] 2.19 10
(kW/kg) 1
Important Structural Features 0.1
• Graphene alignment to electrical 0.01
current flow 0.1 1 10 100
• Interconnected 1-10 nm porosity Specific Energy (Wh/kg)
for higher ion accessibility and
Comparison to “Best” Electrodes
conduction
[1] Stoller, 2008; [2] Vivekchand, 2008 ;
[3] Wang, 2009 ; [4] Honda, Y. , 2007; [5] Zhang., 2011
14. Effect of Droplet Spacing
d1
d2
d1 & d2= 15 mm
d1 & d2= 25 mm
2 mm
1 mm
d1 & d2= 5 mm
More
Corrugation?
2 mm
15. Overall Device Level Challenges
Graphene Electrode Hermetic Packaging to Keep
3D Assembly Electrolyte from Leaking & Drying
– Heat-sealable pouch
– Adhesive bonding via soft-
lithography
Chemical & Electrochemical Silver Current
Collectors
Compatibility
– Electrolyte selection & testing Hermetic
Seal
– Ag current collector as
commercially available inkjet-
Graphene Electrolyte
printed material Kapton
Electrodes
– Packaging materials
Printing Process
Ag printed & cured @130oC
– Initial surface effects
– Ink optimization with controlled
size and shape distributions
– High speed operation
16. Conclusions
• Inkjet-printed 3D graphene
De Kong
assembly demonstrated as
high surface area
supercapacitor electrodes
with promising
electrochemical properties.
• Inkjet-printing based on: (1) Linh
hydrophilic graphene oxide Le
dispersed in water as a stable
ink and (2) post thermal or
photothermal reduction.
Acknowledgements
• Flexible micro-supercapacitor
• “Integrated Flexible Energetics
device being developed with and Electronics,” U.S. Army -
printed graphene as ARDEC
micropatternable electrodes. • Tim Luong, Fujifilm-Dimatix
18. Hon et al., Commercial
CIRP Annals, 2008
Printers
www.dimatix.com
Cartridge
Sono-Plot
16 Microfabricated
Piezoelectric Nozzles
1 or 10 pL Droplets
19. Flexible HP-ASU
Electronics
• Roll-to-Roll
Printing
Inkjet-Printed
• Evaporative Silver Conductor
Assembly of
Nanomaterials
under
Microfluidic 200 nm
Control
Silicon Flexible
Electronics Electronics
Transistors Billions Thousands Reference:
FlexTech
Feature Size 10-2 mm 10 mm Alliance (2009)
Cost of Fab $2-3B/Fab $10-200M/Fab
20. Woo Lee’s Group
in vitro Transformative
3D Bone Tissue Biomedical & Energy
Devices
200 mm
Microfluidic
Tools
Nanomaterial Nanoscale
Assembly Materials
Partnerships for
Translation and Impact
1 mm