TECHNICAL SEMINAR TOPIC

1. SUPERCAPACITORS
By:-
NIKHIL
EEE DEPT.
Guided by:-
Dr. K .N. RAVI – PROF. & HEAD , EEE DEPT.
Mrs. LEELA A M - ASSOCIATE PROF ,
EEE DEPT.

2. CONTENTS:-
 Introduction
 Basic design
 Applications
 Advantages
 disadvantages
 Conclusion
 Reference

3. INTRODUCTION
CAPACITOR:-
 A capacitor (originally known as condenser) is a passive two-
terminal electrical component used to store energy in its electric field.
 When a capacitor is attached across a battery, an electric field develops
across the dielectric, causing positive charge +Q to collect on one plate
and negative charge −Q to collect on the other plate

4. SUPERCAPACITOR:-
 A supercapacitor is an electrochemical capacitor that
has an unusually high energy density when compared to
common capacitors.
 Supercapacitor is also known as Electric Double Layer
Capacitor(EDLC) or Ultra capacitor.
 The capacitance range is from 100 Farad to 10KFarad.

5. Different styles of supercapacitors :-
• Flat style used for
mobile components
• Typical button capacitor for
PCB mounting used for
memory backup

6. Supercapacitors connected in series

7. BASIC DESIGN
 Super capacitors are constructed with two metal foils, each
coated with an electrode material such as activated carbon.
Typical construction of a supercapacitor: 1) Power source, 2) metal plate, 3) Polarized electrode, 4) Helmholtz
double layer, 5) Electrolyte having positive and negative ions, 6) Separator.

8.  The electrodes are kept apart by an ion-
permeable membrane (separator) used as an insulator to protect
the electrodes against short circuits.
 The construction is subsequently rolled or folded into a
cylindrical or rectangular shape and is packed in an aluminium
can.
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+++
+++
+++
+++
+
+








+
+
+
+
+
+
Electrolyte
Separator
Electric double layer
▬ +

9. TECHNOLOGY USED:-
 Carbon nano tubes are used for supercapacitors plates
or electrodes.
 Sodium perchlorate (NaClO4) or lithium perchlorate
(LiClO4) are used as electrolytes.
 Polyacrylonitrile(C3H3N)n is used as a
separator(thickness 0.3-0.8 nm).

10. WHY THESE SUBSTANCES USED:-
Electrodes:-
1)Carbon nanotubes greatly improve capacitor performance, due to the
highly wettable surface area and high conductivity.
2)Highly porous.
Electrolytes:-
1) Wide working temperature (-900c to 4000c).
2)Non flammable , low toxic and also non-corrosive .
Separator:-
1)Electrical conductivity (1.5x104 S/m).
3)Not degraded easily.

11. APPLICATIONS
 In start up mechanism for Automobiles.
 Supercapacitors are suitable temporary energy storage devices.
 Supercapacitors provide backup or emergency shutdown power
to low-power equipment. e.g., ups.
 They used in industrial lasers, medical equipment.
 Large supercapacitors are used in wind turbines.

12. Bus operated on Supercapacitor in Shanghai

13. Supercapacitor installed in bus

14. ADVANTAGES
 High energy storage.
 Wide working temperature(-400c to 600c).
 Eco-friendly.
 Quick charging time.
 Maximum life cycle.
 Safe.

15. DISADVANTAGES
 Individual cells have low voltages, and so series
connections are needed to obtain higher voltages.
 Having high self – discharge rate.
 Cannot be used in AC and high frequency circuits.
 Cost is high.

16. CONCLUSION
 Supercapacitors may be used where high power or
energy storage is required that it will replace the
batteries for power storage .
 Supercapacitors can be used widely because of their
long life & short charging time.
 On the other hand it has limitations due to its high cost,
self discharge, packaging problems etc.

17. REFERENCES
E.J.Dowgiallo & A.F.Bruke ‘’ Ultracapacitors for electric and
hybrid vehicles: A technology update.’’
B.E.Conway, ‘’Electrochemical Supercapacitors’’, chemical
industry press.
R.Morrison, ‘’The chemical physics of surfaces’’ New York:
Plenum,1990
IEEE transactions on industry applications, vol. 36.
‘’Transient analysis of pulsed charging in Supercapacitors’’
IEEE documentation.