The work aims at an Energy Management System (EMS) for Critical loads using Power Electronics. Here hybrid power sources (Grid and Solar cells) with battery have been used to supply the power to the critical loads at all times, suppose an end user increases his critical loads or non-critical loads this EMS system helps to maintain continuous power supply to these loads. Solar or Photovoltaic cells have been used for storing energy through battery and these batteries will discharge the stored energy at two conditions, one is when grid is shut down for short duration or for a long duration and another one is when there sudden increase in load by users

1. A
Project Phase II
Seminar On
Under the Guidance of
Prof. SANGAMESH SAKRI
“ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR
CRITICAL LOADS USING POWER
ELECTRONICS”
RENUKA
3PD16EPE14
Presented by

2. CONTENTS
2
 Introduction
 Literature Survey
 Problem statement and explanation of my work
 Block Diagram of Energy Management System
 Schematic circuit diagram of Energy Management System
 Development of Simulation and its Results
 Development of Hardware and its Result
 Advantages, Applications And Conclusions
 References

3. 1. INTRODUCTION
 An energy management system (EMS) is a system of computer-
aided tools used by operators of electric utility grids to monitor,
control, and optimize the performance of the generation and/or
transmission system.
 The main purpose of EMS
1. Make electric power available to critical loads at all times with or
without main grid service available.
2. Reduce peak power consumption to lower electricity costs, and
3. Store energy produced by renewable energy sources or during
the time in which electricity from the grid is least expensive. 3

4. • The purpose of my work is to implement the Energy Management
System for critical loads by using sources as Grid and Solar (Battery).
• The simulation is done in MATLAB R2013a VERSION. I have used
RC load of 5 ohm and 2000 micro Farad for AC and DC systems and
for solar system, I have used load as Capacitance of 100 micro Farad
rated.
• In my hardware work, I have used inductive loads (fans) of rating 12V
(2.64W) and 12V (4.68W) .
.
4

5. 1.1 EMS interfacing to main grid, renewable
energy sources and loads
Fig:1. EMS interfacing to main grid, renewable energy sources
and loads
5

6. 1.2. Objectives Of My Work
6
Objectives of my work
1) Power must available to the critical loads at all time with or without
grid connections.
2) At Islanding or standalone mode of operation, the EMS manage
power to the loads through batteries.
3) Reducing peak power absorbed by the microgrids by using battery
power and by load shedding of non critical loads.
4) Battery charging mode through Solar cells as well as grid.
5) Maximizing the state of charge of the battery.
6) Make power available to the non critical loads too.

7. 2.Literature Survey
1. Giovanna Oriti, Senior Member, IEEE, Alexander L. Julian, Member, IEEE,
and Nathan J. Peck, “Power-Electronics-Based Energy Management System
With Storage”, IEEE IEEE Trans. Ind. Electronics, vol. 31, No. 1, January
2016.
A power-electronics-based energy management system (EMS) is presented to
accomplish peak power control in a single-phase power system while guaranteeing
continuous service to critical loads at the same time.
The author talk about an energy storage in the form of batteries in order to
accomplish three main objectives and those are highlighted
1. Make electric power available to critical loads at all times with or without main grid
service available,
2. Reduce peak power consumption to lower electricity costs, and
3. Store energy produced by Distributed Generation (DG) units or during the time in
which electricity from the grid is least expensive.

8. 2. Sergio Vazquez, Member, IEEE, Srdjan M. Lukic, Member, IEEE, Eduardo
Galvan, Member, IEEE, Leopoldo G. Franquelo, Fellow, IEEE, and Juan M.
Carrasco, Member, IEEE “Energy Storage Systems for Transport and Grid
Applications”, IEEE IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron vol. 58, no. 12, pp. 3881-3895,
Dec. 2010.
 In this paper the author explained about the usage of energy storage system and the
effect of without energy storage system on critical loads and they talk about the
different types of batteries and applications of that storage energy in transportation
and grid related one.
 The choice of the ESS for an application will depend on the application power and
energy ratings, response time, weight, volume, and operating temperature.
 Batteries: Lead Acid batteries, Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries, NiCd/NiMH
batteries and Sodium sulfur batteries (NaS).
 Electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs)
 Regenerative Fuel Cells

9. Different types of ESS with their specifications
9
Table:1. Different types of ESS with their specifications

10. •HYBRID ESS: Certain applications requires HESS to met higher energy density,
life cycle specifications, that can not be met by single ESS.
1. Battery and Electrochemical double layer capacitors
2. Fuel cells and battery or Electrochemical double layer capacitors
3. Compressed air energy storage systems and battery or ELDC.
4. Battery and flywheel energy systems
Power converters: are an additional equipments to adapt ESS output voltage or
current to the required output level.
Power converters are applied to ESS to manage the energy flow in bidirectional
way, controlling the charging or discharging process of the ESS and to have high
efficiency.
ESSs are the key enabling technologies for transport and utility applications.
In particular, the proliferation of energy storage will enable the integration and
dispatch of renewable generation and will facilitate the emergence of smarter grids
with less reliance on inefficient peak power plants.

11. 3. Luis Arnedo, IEEE Member, Suman Dwari, IEEE Member, and Vladimir
Blasko, IEEE Fellow System Department, Power Electronics Group United
Technologies Research Center, Albert Kroeber Department of Electrical
Engineering RWTH Aachen University Aachen, Germany, “Hybrid Solar Inverter
Based on a Standard Power Electronic Cell for Microgrids Applications”, 988-1-
4588-0541-0/11/ 2011 IEEE
• The author explained in this paper, the system is capable to provide security of supply
by delivering uninterrupted power to critical loads in standalone operation and
continuous transition between stand alone and grid connected mode. More objectives
can be added depending on the system requirements but for this project the following
objectives where defined.
1. Provide power to critical load
2. Maintain an optimal battery state of charge (SOC)
•The proposed system is able to operate in standalone and grid connected mode and
smooth transition between grid connected to the grid disconnected mode of operation
by using Lithium Ion battery of 20 kWh with 80KW Solar Photovoltaic generation
system.

12. 4. David Velasco de la Fuente, César L. Trujillo Rodríguez, Gabriel Garcerá, Member,
IEEE, Emilio Figueres, Senior Member, IEEE, and Rubén Ortega González, “Photovoltaic
Power System with Battery Backup with Grid-Connection and Islanded Operation
Capabilities”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 60, NO.
4, APRIL 2013.
 The author explained on capable of both grid-connected and islanded operations.
 The main advantage of the proposed system is that, in grid-connected mode, the inverter
works as a current source in phase with the grid voltage, injecting power to the grid and
controlling the dc-link voltage. The dc/dc converter manages the battery charge.
 In islanded mode, the inverter control is reconfigured to work as a voltage source using
droop schemes.
 The dc/dc converter controls the dc-link voltage to enable the maximum power point tracking
reference to be followed.
 The control of the dc-link voltage is performed by the dc/dc converter in islanded operation
and by the inverter in grid connected mode.

13. • A PV management system withn battery backup capable of both islanded and
grid connected mode.
•The inverter acts as a CSI by providing a constant current t the grid and the
inverter detects when islanding occurs and changes to voltage source operation.
•Single phase H- Bridge inverter with bidirectional PWM has taken for the
proposed system.
• The battery side dc/dc converter connected to the dc link of the PV inverter.
• The MPPT algorithm provides the dc link voltage reference for either of the
power converters.
When the inverter becomes isolated from the grid, the inverter changes
its control configuration, working as a voltage source and using the droop
method to feed the local loads. The batteries provide the supplementary power
to the loads if the PV available power is insufficient.

14. 5. Hristiyan Kanchev, Di Lu, Frederic Colas, Member, IEEE, Vladimir
Lazarov, and Bruno Francois, Senior Member, IEEE, “Energy
Management and Operational Planning of a Microgrid with a PV-Based
Active Generator for Smart Grid Applications”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS
ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 58, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2011.
•The author explain a determinist energy management system for a microgrid,
including advanced PV generators with embedded storage units and a gas micro
turbine.
•The system is organized according to different functions and is implemented in
two parts: a central energy management of the microgrid and a local power
management at the customer side.
• Local load management: The load manager enables customers to
automatically preprogram appliances to turn on when prices are lower or to
create energy consumption habits, such as uninterrupted supply of critical
loads, time programmable use, etc. Moreover, it can reduce a part of the home
power demand when the grid is under stress by disconnecting the offered
controllable loads.
• Microgrid EMS: The task of the central EMS is to manage the power and the
energy between sources and loads into the microgrid.

15. •The need to reduce pollutant gas emissions and the liberalization of the
electricity market has led to a large scale development of distributed
renewable energy generators in electrical grids.
•Photovoltaic panels are associated with a storage system which includes
a set of batteries as a long-term storage device and a set of ultra
capacitors as a fast dynamic power Regulator.
• A microgrid organization has been done in order to define the roles and
the required control systems for the integration of dispersed PV
generators and Distributed Energy Resources units in the electrical
system.
•A solution has been proposed to promote and coordinate large dispersed
small PV-based generators and a gas micro turbine in the plan to lower
energy costs for customers, achieve energy independence, and reduce
greenhouse gas emissions.

16. 2.1. Problem Statement and Explanation of My Work
 The main problem of Previous EMS is supplying continuous supply to the critical
loads or non critical loads without storage system are more difficult than EMS with
storage system. With storage system EMS will used to accomplish only the peak
power control and suppose load increases then EMS will be partially fail to supply
sufficient power to the critical loads as well as non critical loads[1].
 If grid is shut down then batteries will stand for a while for both the loads, at that
time user should shut down there non critical loads up to grid supply is not
connected again to the EMS system. Here batteries are charged through grid at
electricity is least expensive[1].
 Mature storage technologies can be used in several applications, but in other
situations, these technologies cannot fulfill with the application requirements.[2]
 The worst case scenario is a sudden loss of the grid power; in this case the system
should automatically transition to a standalone mode of operation and continue
supplying energy to the critical loads [3].

17.  During islanding operation, the reference imposed on the inverter voltage
controller has a fixed value, so that inverter parallelization for load power
sharing is not possible.
EXPLANATION OF MY WORK
 To overcome this draw back I have used photovoltaic cells for battery
charging purpose and here battery is charged through ac grid also. I have
used grid and photovoltaic cells for EMS to accomplish continuous supply
to critical loads with or without grid. I have replaced IGBT’s (Insulated Gate
Bipolar Transistor) by MOSFET’s (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect
Transistor) to work under lower voltages with higher communication speed
and greater efficiency.

18. 3. Hardware Block Diagram Of EMS
18
Fig: 2. Hardware block diagram of EMS

19. Hardware Requirement Specifications
19
1. Step Down Transformers
1. 6 Tap with 12V/0.1Amp
2. 12V/750 milli Amp
2. Bridge Rectifier
1. DB107
2. IN4007 Diode Based
3. TLP 250 driver circuit and
otpocoupler
4. Voltage Regulators
1. LM7805 IC,
2. LM7812 IC
5. Arduino Mega 2560
Microcontroller
6. Solar Panel 12V/5W
7. Battery 12V/7Ah
8. IRF 840 MOSFET
9. 100 micro Hennery Inductor
10. Capacitors
1. 47micro Farad/63V.
2. 10micro Farad/63V
•In my work, I have used following components for hardware development

20. Hardware Block Diagram of EMS
1. STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMER
In step-down transformer, secondary voltage is less than the primary voltage
because, there are less number of turns in the secondary winding. Step-down
transformer is used to step down the voltage from main supply to desired level of
voltage. In my work, I need a supply of 12V. So, to get this voltage level I have used a
step down transformer, which steps down 230V AC main supply to 12V AC supply.
This supply is then given to rectifier.
2. RECTIFIER
Rectifier is an electrical device which converts an alternating current into a
direct current by allowing a current to flow through it in one direction only. The
rectifier rectifies 12V (AC) input into 12V (DC) with the removal of some voltage
ripples. The output of rectifier is given to filter (Capacitor, 1000 micro Farad, 25V) to
remove the unwanted AC components from the supply.
20

21. 21
3. VOLTAGE REGULATORS
A voltage regulator is designed to automatically maintain a constant
voltage level. In my work, I have used two voltage regulators as LM7805CV &
LM7812CV voltage regulator which regulates 5V & 12V DC. 5V is applied to
microcontroller and 12V is applied to EMS.
4. MICROCONTROLLER
Microcontroller used in my work is ARDUINO ATMEGA 2560. The
input to the microcontroller is 5V DC, it is used to produce switching pulses to the
power circuit . The pulses are fed to optocoupler and driver circuit.
5. OPTOCOUPLER AND DRIVER CIRCUIT
Optocoupler and driver circuits used to provide isolation between power
circuit and control unit . In my work I have used TLP250 driver circuit.

22. 4. Schematic Circuit Diagram Energy Management
System
22Fig: 3. Schematic Circuit Diagram of EMS

23. 4.1.AC load set up for EMS
23
Fig: 4. Energy Management System for AC Load

24.  The Fig. 3 shows the schematic circuit diagram of EMS model with
critical and non critical loads.
 In my work, MOSFETs are used to control power flow of the buck and
boost converter and single-phase voltage source inverter operation (H-
bridge inverter) of the respected module.
 Critical loads are those loads to which power supply has to maintain at any
condition. Here critical loads are connected in parallel to Vac with H-bridge
inverter for continuous service to these critical loads using a MOSFET as
switches.
 Non-critical loads are also connected in parallel to Vac but these are
powered when necessary.
24

25. 4.3. Scenarios of Energy Management System
Fig: 5. Scenarios of Energy Management System

26. Scenarios of Energy Management System
• Fig. 5 shows the different scenarios of EMS system, there are three
scenarios as listed below.
• Scenario: 1. Battery supply additional current to the load when sudden
increase in load side.
26Fig: 6. Scenario 1, battery supply extra current

27. Scenarios of Energy Management System
• Scenario: 2. Islanding mode occurs when EMS or source is disconnected
from the system and critical load can be decreased at that time battery can
discharge stored energy to the critical loads.
27Fig: 7. Scenario 2, Island mode EMS disconnected

28. Scenarios of Energy Management System
• Scenario: 3. Shedding of non critical loads can be done at the high demand of
critical loads and batteries can supply stored energy to critical loads to manage
energy or load leveling.
Fig: 8. Scenario 3, Shedding Non critical loads
28

29. 5. Development Of Simulation
29
 MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory) was invented in late 1970s by Cleve
Molar.
 Its high level language and interactive environment helps us to
perform intensive tasks faster than the traditional programming
languages such as C, C++.
 Another important feature of MATLAB is that it helps in modeling,
simulating and analyzing dynamic systems.
 I have used MATLAB R2013a version for my work with RC load
of 5 ohm and 2000 micro Farad for AC and DC systems and for solar
system, I have used load as Capacitance of 100 micro Farad rated
one.

30. Creating New Sheet
Fig: 9. Creation of new sheet window

31. Taking PowerGui
Fig: 10. Powergui from powerlib window

32. AC Load Set UP for EMS
Fig: 11. AC load set up for EMS

33. Simulation Development of AC
33Fig.12 . Simulation of AC of EMS system

34. Simulation Result of AC
Input
voltage
12V AC
Fig.13 . Simulation result of AC system of EMS
Output
voltage
11.2V DC

35. Simulation Development of DC system
35Fig: 14 . Simulation of DC of EMS

36. Simulation Development of DC system
36Fig: 15 . Simulation of DC of EMS

37. Simulation Result of DC System
37
Fig: 16. Simulation Result of DC system
Input
voltage
12V DC
H-Bridge
Output
Voltage
12V

38. Simulation Development of Solar Power
38Fig: 17. Simulation of PV of EMS system

39. Simulation Result of Solar Power System
39
Fig: 18 Simulation result of solar power system

40. Simulation Development of Energy Management
System
40
Fig:19. Simulation of EMS system with PV, GRID and Ac
load set up

41. Simulation Development of Solar Power
41
Fig: 20.Result of Simulation of EMS system with PV, GRID
and Ac load set up
AC Output
voltage
12V
DC Output
voltage
12V
Solar output
voltage
12V

42. Development Of Hardware Of Energy
Management System
• I have developed an Energy Management System with Hybrid Energy
Sources [Grid as well as Battery (solar)] of 12V each. For 12V output,
I have used an inductive loads of 12V/0.39A [4.68W] and 12V/0.22
[2.64W] for critical and non-critical loads respectively.

43. Hardware Requirement Specifications
43
1. Step Down Transformers
1. 6 Tap with 12V/0.1Amp
2. 12V/750 milli Amp
2. Bridge Rectifier
1. DB107
2. IN4007 Diode Based
3. TLP 250 driver circuit and
otpocoupler
4. Voltage Regulators
1. LM7805 IC,
2. LM7812 IC
5. Arduino Mega 2560
Microcontroller
6. Solar Panel 12V/5W
7. Battery 12V/7Ah
8. IRF 840 MOSFET
9. 100 micro Hennery Inductor
10. Capacitors
1. 47micro Farad/63V.
2. 10micro Farad/63V
•In my work, I have used following components for hardware
development:

44. By using step-down transformer, 230V AC main supply is step-
down to 12V AC supply. The 12V supply is given to bridge rectifier
which converts the AC supply to DC supply and further given to the
switching circuit.
• Selection of transformer
In my work, I need a supply of 12V. So, to get this voltage level, I
have used a step-down transformer which steps down 230V AC main
supply to 12V/1A & 12V/750mAAC supply.
44
Fig: 21. Step Down Transformer
1 Step-down Transformer

45. 2. Microcontroller
In my work, I have used ARDUINO microcontroller for producing
switching pulses to the power circuit. The used microcontroller is of
ARDUINO ATmega 2560. The supply to this microcontroller is 5V DC
supply.
45
Features of Microcontroller
 Operating Voltage is 5V
 It has a flash memory of
256KB
 SRAM (Static RAM) used is
8KB
 EEPROM (Electrically
Erasable Programmable ROM)
has 4KB
 It has a clock speed of about
16MHz
Fig: 22. ARDUINO AT MEGA 2560

46. 46
Fig: 23.. Pin description of ARDUINO MEGA 2560 Microcontroller

47. 3. IRF840 MOSFET
47
Best combination of fast switching, ruggedized device design, low on-
resistance and cost-effectiveness.
It is preferred for industrial applications where power dissipation levels is
approximately 50 W.
 The low thermal resistance and low package cost contribute to its wide
acceptance throughout the industry.
• Motorola semiconductor
manufacturer
• Drain source voltage : 500V
• Drain gate voltage :500V
• Gate source voltage :20V
• Drain current :8A
• Power dissipation : 125W
• Type N channel
Fig: 24. IRF840 MOSFET

48. 4 TLP250
48
Package : DIP 8pin
Manufacturers : Toshiba
Parameters
 Input current is 5mA
 Supply current is 11mA
 Supply Voltage range is 10-35 V
 Output current is ±1.5A
 Switching time is 0.5μs
I have used TLP250 optocoupler and driver circuit to provide isolation
between MOSFET and control unit. TLP250 is a 8 pin IC which provide both
isolation and amplification.
Fig: 25. Pin configuration of
isolated MOSFET driver TLP250

49. 4 TLP250
49
 MOSFET Driver TLP250 like other MOSFET drivers have input stage
and output stage. It also have power supply configuration.
 TLP250 is more suitable for MOSFET and IGBT.
 The main difference between TLP250 and other MOSFET drivers is
that TLP250 MOSFET driver is optically isolated.
 Its mean input and output of TLP250 MOSFET driver is isolated from
each other.
 Its works like a optocoupler. Input stage have a light emitting diode
and output stage have photo diode.
 Whenever input stage LED light falls on output stage photo detector
diode, output becomes high

50. 5 Bridge Rectifier
Selection of bridge rectifier
• In my work, I have used a bridge rectifier to convert AC supply to DC
supply. I have used DB107 bridge rectifier.
• DB107 bridge rectifier voltage and current ratings are 50-1000V and 5A
respectively.
50
Fig: 26. DB107 bridge
rectifier
Specifications
• Rectron Semiconductor Technical
specification manufacturer.
• Voltage rating ranges from 50V to 1000V.
• Maximum Average Forward Output
Current: 1 Amp
• Operating and Storage Temperature
Range: -55 to + 150 0C

51.  IN4007 diodes are used to form full wave rectifier to convert 12V AC
supply of 6-Tap transformer to 12V DC to turn on the driver circuit.
•Fairchild ON semiconductor manufacturer.
•Low forward voltage drop.
•High surge current capability.
•Voltage rating ranges from 50V to 1000V.
•Current rating is about 1A. Fig: 27. IN4007 Diode
•Operating temperature is about -55 to +150 0C.
51

52.  A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electrical device that converts the energy of
light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect.
 It is a form of photoelectric cell, defined as a device whose electrical characteristics,
such as current, voltage, or resistance, vary when exposed to light.
In my work, I have used 12V/5W solar cell to produce 12V DC power from it and that
can be store in battery of capacity 12V/7Ah.
Selection of solar panel
Andslite manufacturer.
MPMAX – 5W
Open Circuit voltage (Voc) – 11.12V
Short circuit current (Isc) – 0.61A
Production tolerance -- + 3%
Temperature – +250C
6. Solar Panel
Fig. 28. Solar cell

53.  Lead acid battery cell consists of spongy lead as the negative active material, lead
dioxide as the positive active material, immersed in diluted sulfuric acid electrolyte,
and lead as the current collector. During discharge, lead sulfate is the product on
both electrodes.
 In my work I have used Sealed Lead Acid battery with ratings of 12V/7Ah.
Specifications
• EXIDE CHLORIDE SAFEPOWER manufacturer.
• Input voltage of 12V
• Stand by use voltage rating is 13.6V – 13.8V.
• Current rating is 7 AMPS hour (Ah)
• Maximum initial current is 1.4Amp
7 Battery
Fig: 29. Battery

54. Different types of ESS with their specifications
54Table:3. Different types of ESS with their specifications

55. The electrical load is a device that consumes electrical energy in
the form of the current and transforms it into other forms like heat, light,
air, etc. The electrical load may be classified as
•Resistive load:
•Inductive load, and
•Capacitive load.
8. LOADS

56.  I have used two inductive loads, one for Critical purpose and another one for
non critical purpose to show energy management system functionality.
 CRITICAL LOAD
 Protechnic Magic manufacturer
 Voltage rating is 12V
 Current rating is 0.39A
 Power rating is 4.68W
 NON CRITICAL LOAD
 Panaflo manufacturer
 Voltage rating is 12V
 Current rating is 0.22A Fig: 33. LOADS
 Power rating is 2.64W
Fig: 30. LOADS

57. Detailed Line Diagram of EMS for Critical Loads
Using Power Electronics
57
Fig: 31. Detailed Line Diagram of EMS for Critical Loads Using
Power Electronics

58. Hardware Set up
58
Fig: 32 Hardware Set up of my work with DSO output
waveform across resistive load

59. Hardware Set up
59Fig: 33. Hardware Set up of my work with output result

60. Hardware PWM in Digital CRO
Fig: 34 PWM output waveform in DSO

61. APPLICATIONS OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
•Peak shaving and store energy for house as well business purpose.
•Hospitals will never face problems when grid fails.
•Reducing the demand charges for the consumers.
•EMS for military based works.
•For airports.
•For industries or research centers.
APPLICATIONS, ADVANTAGES AND
CONCLUSIONS
61

62. ADVANTAGES OF EMS
•EMS controls the electricity consumption of a residential electricity customer.
• EMS for hospitalization.
•Reduced operating costs.
•A guarantee of safe and smooth operation.
•Protection of human life in an emergency and minimizing of any damage.
•Energy Management System to Prevent Blackout in Smart Grid Network.
•Saving domestic equipments by peak power.
8. APPLICATIONS, ADVANTAGES AND
CONCLUSIONS
62

63. CONCLUSIONS
63
•The same work was done by MATLAB/SIMULATION version R2013a
with 12V AC and 12V DC sources and the output was checked by using
Scopes and the solar simulation part also done on with whole EMS
system with 12V across load of Capacitance of 100 micro Farad .
•In my work, I have designed, an ENERGY MANGAMENT SYSTEM
FOR CRITICAL LOADS USING POWER ELECTRONICS is
demonstrated with a laboratory prototype is done for 12V based on grid
as well PV Solar Panel. I have used inductive loads (fans) of rating 12V
(2.64W) and 12V (4.68W) .
•The output of the Hardware and simulation part is cross checked and the
out of my work is almost same for both parts.

64. REFERENCES
64
1. Giovanna Oriti, Senior Member, IEEE, Alexander L. Julian, Member, IEEE, and Nathan
J. Peck, “Power-Electronics-Based Energy Management System With Storage”,
IEEE IEEE Trans. Ind. Electronics, vol. 31, No. 1, January 2016.
2. Sergio Vazquez, Member, IEEE, Srdjan M. Lukic, Member, IEEE, Eduardo Galvan,
Member, IEEE, Leopoldo G. Franquelo, Fellow, IEEE, and Juan M. Carrasco, Member,
IEEE “Energy Storage Systems for Transport and Grid Applications”, IEEE IEEE
Trans. Ind. Electron vol. 57, no. 12, pp. 3881-3895, Dec. 2010.
3. Luis Arnedo, IEEE Member, Suman Dwari, IEEE Member, and Vladimir Blasko, IEEE
Fellow System Department, Power Electronics Group United Technologies Research
Center, Albert Kroeber Department of Electrical Engineering RWTH Aachen University
Aachen, Germany, “Hybrid Solar Inverter Based on a Standard Power Electronic
Cell for Microgrids Applications”, 978-1-4577-0541-0/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE
4. David Velasco de la Fuente, César L. Trujillo Rodríguez, Gabriel Garcerá, Member,
IEEE, Emilio Figueres, Senior Member, IEEE, and Rubén Ortega González,
“Photovoltaic Power System with Battery Backup with Grid-Connection and
Islanded Operation Capabilities”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL
ELECTRONICS, VOL. 60, NO. 4, APRIL 2013.
5. Hristiyan Kanchev, Di Lu, Frederic Colas, Member, IEEE, Vladimir Lazarov, and Bruno
Francois, Senior Member, IEEE, “Energy Management and Operational Planning of a
Microgrid with a PV-Based Active Generator for Smart Grid Applications”, IEEE
TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 58, NO. 10, OCTOBER
2011.

65. 65
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Green, “Energy management in autonomous microgrid using stability-constrained
droop control of inverters,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 2346–
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66. PAPER PUBLISHED
The outcome of the dissertation work is published in the form of
article titled “Energy Management System for critical loads using
Power Electronics” in Journal of Emerging Technologies and
Innovative Research in Volume 5 Issue 7 , July-2018 Page No 208-
214, http://www.jetir.org/
66

67. PAPER CERTIFICATE
67

68. PAPER OVERVIEW
68

69. THANK YOU