This document discusses different substrates used for animal cell culture, including glass, plastics, and metals. It also describes two types of cell suspension culture: batch culture and continuous culture. Batch culture involves growing cells in a fixed volume of medium until growth limiting factors are reached. Continuous culture maintains constant culture conditions through continuous addition of fresh medium and removal of used medium and cells. The chemostat and turbidostat are two common systems used for continuous culture that maintain steady state growth. Cell suspension culture is important for studies of cell physiology, biochemistry, and production of secondary metabolites.

1. Prepared by; Vipin Kumar Shukla
Assistant Professor
SUBSTRATES FOR ANIMAL
CELLCULTURE

2. Substrates for Animal Cell Culture:
 Substrates are the surfaces which provide the surface
for attachment for culturing of animal cells or cultured
cells.
 Basically there are three types of substrates which are
being used in animal cell culture which are as follows:
 Glass.
 Plastics.
 Metals.

3. Glass as a Substrate:
 Most commonly used substrate for any culture.
 Reason: It can be easily washed or washable.
 It can be easily sterilized.
 It is optically clear, which helps in examine
microscopically.
 Animal cells are examined clearly which makes easier
to us.

4. Continued……
 Example of glass substrate:
 Soda Lime glass, & Alum Borosilicate.
 Alum Borosilicate: Most commonly used or preferably as
compared to soda lime glass.
 Soda Lime glass: It should be detoxified by boiling it in
weak acid.
 Repeated use lead to reduced the attachment. But it should
be regained by treating with magnesium acetate (1mm) so
that its conc. reduced.

5. Plastics as a Substrate:
 Plastics are non autoclavable i.e.
Which cannot be autoclaved.
 It is supplied sterile condition and
used once.
 Most commonly used plastics are
as follows:
 Polystyrene, Polycarbonate, PVC,
Teflon etc.

6. Metals as a Substrate:
 Stainless Steel and Titanium are used in case
of metal to provide a surface attachment for
the cultured of animal cells.
 Proper grade stainless steel plate should be
used to avoid the release of toxic substances
such as Ions.
 It should be acid washed to remove the
surface impurities.

7. Cell suspension culture:
 The basic principle of cell suspension culture is
isolation of large number of cell and culturing them
on a nutrient medium for growth and development.
 Main aim of suspension culture is that it helps in
production of secondary metabolites.

9. Continued……
 Suspension culture is a type of culture in which single cells or
small aggregates of cell multiply while suspended in agitated
liquid medium.
 It is also referred to as cell culture or cell suspension culture.
 Cell suspension culture is the primary route for studying plant
cell secondary metabolism.
 The cell suspension culture requires optimization of the cell
line the cultivation media and the bioreactor system.

10. TYPE OF CELL SUSPENSION CULTURES:
 There are two type of cell suspension cultures
 Batch Culture
 Continuous culture

11. BATCH CULTURE:
 A batch culture is a cell suspension culture grown in a
fixed volume of nutrient culture medium.
 Cell suspension increases in biomass by cell division
and cell growth until a factor in the culture
environment (nutrient or oxygen availability) becomes
limiting and the growth ceases.

12. Continued……
 The cells in culture exhibit the following five phases
of a growth cycle
 Lag phase : where cells prepare to divide.
 Exponential phase : where the rate of cell division is
highest.
 Linear phase :where cell division slows but the rate of
cells expansion increases.
 Deceleration phase : where the rates of cell division
and elongation decreases.
 Stationary phase : where the number and size of cells
remain constant.

13. Model Curve of Cell Suspension Culture:

14. CONTINUOUS CULTURE:
 A culture is continuously supplied with nutrients by
the inflow of fresh medium but the culture volume is
normally constant.
 Continuous culture is further divided into two types :
 Close continuous culture
 Open continuous culture

15. CLOSE CONTINUOUS CULTURE:
 In close continuous culture the used medium is replaced
with the fresh medium, hence, the cells from used medium
are mechanically retrieved and added back to the culture
and thus, the cell biomass keeps increasing.
 Open continuous culture
 In open continuous culture both the cells and used
medium are replaced with fresh medium thus maintaining
culture at constant and sub maximal growth rate.
 Open continuous cell suspension culture is of two types
 Chemostat
 Turbidostats

16. CHEMOSTAT:
 In this system , culture vessels are usually cylindrical
or circular in shape and possess inlet and outlet pores
for aeration and the introduction and removal of cells
and medium.
 Thus in a steady state condition the density, growth
rate chemical composition and metabolic activity of
the cells all remain constant.

17. TURBIDOSTATS:
 A Turbidostats is a continuous culturing method
where the turbidity of the culture is held constant by
manipulating the rate at which medium is fed.
 In this system , the cells are allowed to grow up to a
certain turbidity, when the predetermined volume of
culture is replaced by fresh culture.
 The turbidity is measured by the changes of optical
density of medium.

18. IMPORTANCE OF CELL
SUSPENSION CULTURE:
 Such systems are capable of contributing significant
information about cell physiology biochemistry,
metabolic events, etc
 It is important to build up an understanding of an
organ/ embryoid formation starting from a single cell.
 Mutagenesis studies maybe facilitated by cell
suspension culture to produce mutant cell clone from
which mutant plants can be raised.

19. ADVANTAGES:
 The nutrients can be continually adjusted.
 This system can be scaled for large scale production
of the cells .
 A whole plant can be regenerated from a single plant
cell.
 Disadvantages:
 The productivity of suspension cultures decreases
over extended subculture periods.
 Slow growth and low productivity of plant cells.
 Cells may get damaged by shear conditions