Study of nose
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The document summarizes the structure and functions of the human nose. It discusses that the nose filters air, helps with smell, and regulates breath temperature. It also outlines some of the main parts of the nose, including the nasal bones, cartilage, cavities, sinuses and more. Finally, it briefly mentions some common nose disorders such as allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, and deviated septums.
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Components of the Respiratory System
Nose and Nasal Cavity
Function: Filters, warms, and moistens the air; detects odors.
Components: Nostrils, nasal septum, nasal conchae.
Pharynx (Throat)
Function: Passageway for air and food.
Divisions: Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx.
Larynx (Voice Box)
Function: Produces sound; routes air and food into the proper channels.
Components: Epiglottis, vocal cords, thyroid cartilage.
Trachea (Windpipe)
Function: Conducts air to the bronchi.
Structure: C-shaped cartilaginous rings maintain an open airway.
Bronchi and Bronchioles
Function: Conduct air from the trachea to the lungs; branch into smaller passages.
Structure: The right and left primary bronchi lead into the lungs and branch into secondary and tertiary bronchi, and then into bronchioles.
Lungs
Function: Main organs of respiration; contain alveoli where gas exchange occurs.
Structure: The right lung has three lobes (superior, middle, inferior) and the left lung has two lobes (superior, inferior).
Alveoli
Function: Site of gas exchange; oxygen diffuses into the blood, and carbon dioxide diffuses out.
Structure: Tiny air sacs surrounded by capillaries.
Functions of the Respiratory System
Gas Exchange
Oxygen Intake: Oxygen from inhaled air diffuses through the alveoli into the blood.
Carbon Dioxide Removal: Carbon dioxide from the blood diffuses into the alveoli and is exhaled.
Regulation of Blood pH
Carbon Dioxide Levels: The respiratory system helps regulate blood pH by controlling the levels of carbon dioxide through breathing.
Protection
Filtering Mechanisms: The nasal hairs, mucus, and cilia trap dust, pathogens, and other particles.
Reflexes: Coughing and sneezing expel irritants from the respiratory tract.
Sound Production
Vocal Cords: Air passing through the larynx vibrates the vocal cords to produce sound.
Olfaction (Sense of Smell)
Olfactory Receptors: Located in the nasal cavity, these receptors detect airborne chemicals.
Breathing Process
Inhalation (Inspiration)
Diaphragm and Intercostal Muscles: The diaphragm contracts and flattens, and the intercostal muscles lift the ribs, expanding the thoracic cavity and reducing pressure, drawing air in.
Exhalation (Expiration)
Relaxation of Muscles: The diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, the thoracic cavity decreases in volume, increasing pressure and pushing air out.
Control of Breathing
Medulla Oblongata and Pons: These brainstem regions regulate the rate and depth of breathing.
Chemoreceptors: Located in the medulla, aorta, and carotid arteries, these receptors monitor levels of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and blood pH, and adjust breathing accordingly.
Health and Diseases of the Respiratory System
Common Cond
Sensory organs ; ears and nose
The document discusses the anatomy and function of the ears and nose as sensory organs. It describes the outer, middle and inner ear in detail, including the pinna, ear canal, eardrum, ossicles, cochlea and auditory nerve. It explains how sound is transmitted through the ear. It also discusses the nasal passages, paranasal sinuses and role of the nose in smell and breathing.
EARS.pptx
The ear is made up of three sections - the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear collects sounds and funnels them through the ear canal. In the middle ear, the eardrum vibrates and these vibrations are transmitted by three small bones to the inner ear. In the inner ear, vibrations are converted to nerve signals that travel to the brain. The inner ear also contains semicircular canals that help with balance by detecting movement. Common ear problems include ear infections, earwax buildup, deafness, and Meniere's disease. To keep ears healthy, avoid putting objects in the ear canal and protect your hearing from loud noises.
EARS.pptx
The ear is made up of three sections - the outer, middle, and inner ear. The outer ear collects sounds and funnels them through the ear canal. In the middle ear, the eardrum vibrates and these vibrations are transmitted by three small bones to the inner ear. In the inner ear, vibrations are converted to nerve signals that travel to the brain. The inner ear also contains semicircular canals that help with balance by detecting movement. Common ear problems include ear infections, earwax buildup, deafness, and Meniere's disease. To keep ears healthy, avoid putting objects in the ear canal and protect your hearing from loud noises.
The Respiratory System in the Head and Neck
The document describes the anatomy and structures of the respiratory system in the head and neck region, including the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, and larynx. It discusses the external features, internal structures, blood supply, nerve innervation, and functions of these areas. The nasal cavity is divided by the septum and contains three meatuses for drainage of the paranasal sinuses. The larynx contains cartilages like the thyroid and cricoid that support the vocal cords.
Upper respiratory tract
The document describes the anatomy of the upper respiratory tract. It details the structures of the nasal cavity including the external nares, internal nares, nasal septum, palate, uvula, and nasal conchae. It outlines the paranasal sinuses which surround the nasal cavity. It then reviews the structures of the pharynx including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx. Finally, it outlines the larynx and its cartilage including the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis and describes the function of the vocal cords.
sinusitis.ppt
The document discusses sinusitis, including the anatomy of the paranasal sinuses, types of sinuses, causes of sinusitis, signs and symptoms, classifications, complications, diagnosis, and management. The four pairs of paranasal sinuses are the frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid sinuses. Sinusitis is inflammation of the paranasal sinus lining that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Signs and symptoms include facial pain and pressure, nasal congestion, and drainage. Treatment involves antibiotics, nasal irrigation, and surgery if needed. Surgical procedures discussed include functional endoscopic sinus surgery and Caldwell-Luc surgery.
UNIT 6-respiratory system for Gnm and b.sc. nursing
The respiratory system consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and muscles of respiration. The nose warms, moistens and filters inhaled air. The pharynx is a passageway for air and food and helps with speech and hearing. The larynx contains cartilage and produces sound. The trachea divides into bronchi which enter the lungs. The lungs are surrounded by pleura and exchange gases via alveoli and capillaries.
Anatomy practical.pdf
This document provides an overview of the respiratory system and details about the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. It describes the key components of the respiratory system including the airways, lungs, blood vessels and muscles. It then discusses the nasal cavity, outlining its three divisions and functions. Finally, it covers the four pairs of paranasal sinuses, naming each pair and describing their locations and innervations.
Anatomy of respiratory system
The respiratory system provides oxygen to cells and removes carbon dioxide. It includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and the blood vessels. The nose warms and humidifies inhaled air. The trachea divides into bronchi that enter the lungs and further divide into bronchioles and alveoli, where gas exchange occurs by diffusion between the air in alveoli and blood in capillaries. The lungs and chest wall muscles work together during breathing to inhale air and exhale carbon dioxide.
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Study of nose
- 1. ZIYAUDDIN PREPARED BY: KSCP STUDENT STUDY OF NOSE
- 2. INTRODUCTION • The human nose is the most protruding part of the face. • It bears the nostrils and is the first organ of the respiratory system. • The shape of the nose is determined by the nasal bones and the nasal cartilages, • On average the nose of a male is larger than that of a female
- 3. IMPORTANCE OF NOSE • Your nose is important to your health. • It filters the air you breathe, removing dust, germs and irritants. • Youre nose also contains the nerve cells that helps youre sense of smell. • When there is a problem with your nose. your whole body can suffer.
- 4. FUNCTIOS OF THE NOSE • Your nose contains your breath • Youre nose regulates the temperature of your breath • The nose hair also moisturizes and warma the air. • They work in coordination with the test buds to identify the actual flavour of the food
- 6. PARTS OF NOSE • Bone. This supports the bridge of the nose. • Skin. This also help shape the nose. • Nasal cavity. This is a hollow space behind the nose that air Flows through. • Septum This is a thin wall made of cartilage and bone • Mucus membrane. This is a thin tissue that lines the nose sinuses and Throat • Turbinates. These are curved bony ridges on each size of the nose they are lined with mucus membrane they warm and moisten the air you breathe in.
- 7. CONT… • Sinuses. these are hollow air filleds chanbers in the bone around your nose mucous from the sinuses drains in to the nasal cavity • External meatus. Triangular-shaped projection in the centre of the face • External nostrils. Two chamber divided by the septum
- 8. DISORDERS OF NOSE • Allergic rhinitis. An inflammation of the membranes lining the nose. • Celebral spinal fluid leaks • Chronic sinusitis with polyps. An inflammation of the sinuses that last more than 12 weeks and associated with nasal polyps • Chronic sinusitis without polyps. • Difficult infections • Deviated septums
- 9. Thank You