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Hearing abnormalities
The document discusses various abnormalities that can affect the ear. It describes abnormalities in the external ear like microtia (underdeveloped pinna), anotia (absence of pinna), prominent ears, and ear canal stenosis. Abnormalities of the middle ear discussed include ossicular deformities and mandibulofacial dystosis. Inner ear abnormalities mentioned are cochlear malformations like Michel's deformity, incomplete partition types 1 and 2, vestibular malformations, semicircular canal malformations, and internal auditory canal malformations.
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Hearing abnormalities
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- 2. ANATOMY • Average adultfemale ear is 59 mm and the average male ear 63mm. • Ear length is 48 mm at six months increasing to 55 mm at five years and 59 mm at ten years (fully grown) • Average adult ear protrudes 19 mm from the mastoid skin
- 3. Hearing Abnormalities • ANOMALIESOF EXTERNAL EAR • Microtia • Anotia • Prominent (BAT) Ears • Lop/Cupped Ears. • Accessory auricles • Preauricular sinuses • Darwin’s tubercles • Wildermuth’s ear • Hematoma of Auricle • Cauliflower Ear • Ear canal stenosis • Aural atresia
- 4. Hearing Abnormalities • ANOMALIESOF MIDDLE EAR • Ossicular deformities • Mandibulofacial dystosis • Ossicular Anomalies • Other Middle Ear Anomalies • ANOMALIES OF INNER EAR • Cochlear malformations • Vestibular malformations. • Semicircular canal malformations. • Malformations of the internal auditory canal.
- 5. ANOMALIES OF EXTERNAL EAR •Microtia • Anotia • Prominent (BAT) Ears • Lop/Cupped Ears. • Accessory auricles • Preauricular sinuses • Darwin’s tuburcules • Wildermuth’s ear • Hematoma of Auricle • Cauliflower Ear • Ear canal stenosis • Aural atresia
- 8. MICROTIA • Here Pinnaor external ear is underdeveloped. • Treatment is prosthetic ear or ear reconstruction surgery. • It is a congenital ear deformity marked by excessive growth of ear. • Causes are inherited genetic disorders. • Otoplasty is performed to reduce the size.
- 9. ANOTIA • A rare,congenital deformity involves complete absence of auricle or Pinna. • Causes are defect in gene or taking isotretinoin during pregnancy. • Treatment is cosmetic reconstruction of the external ear’s normal shape and repair of ear canal.
- 10. PROMINENT (BAT) EARS •At birth or becomes obvious as head shape changes – Absent antihelical fold – Conchal bowl is excessively deep & antihelical fold is normal – Prominent lobe or antitragus is less common
- 11. LOP/CUPPED EARS. • Lop/cuppedears means that the rim of the ear is tightened or constricted. The condition can range from mild to severe. Children with the most severe cases have ears that are rolled almost into a tube, with inner ear deformities that can affect hearing.
- 12. ACCESSORY AURICLES • Polyotiais extreme rare congenital anomaly • It is defined as an accessory ear that is large enough to resemble an additional Pinna. • Treatment is surgical excision.
- 13. PREAURICULAR SINUS • Alsoknown as congenital auricular fistula or Preauricular cysts. • It is a common birth defect marked by nodule, dimple located adjacent to the external ear. • Treatment are systemic antibiotics for infection and surgery to remove sinus.
- 14. DARWIN’S TUBERCLE • •It is a congenital ear condition often presents as a thickening on the helix of the ear at the junction of the upper and middle thirds.
- 15. WILDERMUTH’S EAR • Congenitalanomalies helix is turned backward and the anthelix is prominent. • Treatment is Otoplasty.
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- 17. CAULIFLOWER EAR Cauliflower ear,also known as perichondrial hematoma or wrestler's ear, is a deformity of the ear caused by trauma. Cauliflower ear occurs when blood pools in your pinna after it's been hit or struck.
- 18. EAR CANAL STENOSIS •• Narrowing of ear canal develops when ear canal fails to develop during 7th month in uterus. • It is repaired by widening the canal by canalpalsty.
- 19. AURAL ATRESIA • Absenceor incomplete formation of an external ear canal.
- 21. ANOMALIES OF MIDDLE EAR •Ossicular deformities • Mandibulofacial dystosis • Ossicular Anomalies • Other Middle Ear Anomalies
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- 23. OSSICULAR DEFORMITIES • Malleusis the most frequent malformed ossicles.
- 24. MANDIBULOFACIAL DYSOSTOSIS • • Hypoplasiaof the middle third of face. • • Hypoplasia of mandible and underdevelopment of ear. • Also known as Treacher Collins syndrome.
- 33. ANOMALIES OF INNEREAR • Cochlear malformations • Vestibular malformations. • Semicircular canal malformations. • Malformations of the internal auditory canal.
- 34. COCHLEAR MALFORMATIONS • Michel’sdeformity: – complete absence of all cochlear and vestibular structures. • Cochlear aplasia: Complete absence of the cochlea. cochlea is a rare anomaly which accounts for only 3% of cochlear malformations. • Common cavity deformity: cystic cavity replacing the cochlea and vestibule.
- 35. COCHLEAR HYPOPLASIA: The dimensionsof the cochlea and vestibule are smaller than normal. Cochlear hypoplasia is defined by small underdeveloped cochlea with < 2 turns.
- 36. • a smallcochlear bud of variable length (usually 1–3 mm). It has only one turn or a partial turn is seen • cochlear nerve often hypoplastic or absent • cochlear nerve canal: absent, narrow or normal • vestibule and semicircular canals are usually malformed but may be normal • internal auditory canal: normal or narrow • vestibular aqueduct: normal or large
- 37. INCOMPLETE PARTITION TYPE 1(IP-I): The cochlea lacks a modiolus and is accompanied by a large cystic vestibule. It is associated with sensorineural hearing loss. • absent modiolus • absent interscalar septum • wide (most common) or normal cochlear nerve canal
- 38. INCOMPLETE PARTITION TYPE 2(IP-II) OR MONDINI MALFORMATION: The cochlea consists of 1.5 turns, in which the middle and apical turns join to form an apex of cystic aspect, with the dilated vestibule and the enlarged vestibular aqueduct. Cochlear incomplete partition type II (IP-II) is a type of cochlear anomaly associated with sensorineural hearing loss.
- 39. • absent interscalarseptum • absent osseous spiral lamina • absent or deficient modiolus – only normal at level of basal turn • normal basal turn of the cochlea • vestibular aqueduct enlargement very common – can be normal, but rare • normal vestibule
- 40. VESTIBULAR MALFORMATIONS. • Malformación deMichel, • cavidad común, • vestíbulo ausente, • vestíbulo hipoplásico y dilatado.
- 41. SEMICIRCULAR CANAL MALFORMATIONS. • Semicircularcanal absent, • hypoplastic semicircular canal, • dilated semicircular canal.
- 42. MALFORMATIONS OF THE INTERNALAUDITORY CANAL. • Internal auditory canal absent, • narrow internal auditory canal, • dilated internal auditory canal.