Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Rehabilitation of endodontically treated teeth : Post & CoreNaveed AnJum
These days we often come across mutilated or badly broken teeth in our practice. However various factors are involved for a better prognosis of such a teeth. This presentation mainly focuses on post and core treatment of such a teeth.
Recent advances in dental materials/dental crown &bridge course by Indian den...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
There have been several changes since inception in the field of dental ceramics. Need for newer materials with improved aesthetics, flexural strength and optical properties made it necessary for introduction of advanced technology in fabrication of dental ceramics.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Rehabilitation of endodontically treated teeth : Post & CoreNaveed AnJum
These days we often come across mutilated or badly broken teeth in our practice. However various factors are involved for a better prognosis of such a teeth. This presentation mainly focuses on post and core treatment of such a teeth.
Recent advances in dental materials/dental crown &bridge course by Indian den...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
There have been several changes since inception in the field of dental ceramics. Need for newer materials with improved aesthetics, flexural strength and optical properties made it necessary for introduction of advanced technology in fabrication of dental ceramics.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
An interim removable partial denture (RPD) addresses patients’ concerns regarding esthetics and function and helps them adjust to the edentulous condition until a more definitive form of treatment can be rendered.
Impression materials and techniques in fpd part 2Dr.Rohit Mistry
Part 2 of the presentation deals with impression techniques in FPD, it also deals with some atypical and new techniques of impression making. it also gives a basic on digital impression along with a brief history about inception of digital impresssion
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Lab steps mould preparation to finish/ dental crown & bridge coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Endodontic sealers a summary and a quick review Rami Al-Saedi
a slideshow presentation lectured and presented in Al-Sadr Specialized dental center in the continuing dental learning weekly lectures.
Rusafa medical institute- Baghdad- Iraq
lecturer: Dr. Rami Ahmed Jumaah (BDS)
Supervisor: Dr. Iman J. Ahmed (BDS: MSc)
Porcelains used in metal ceramics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Restoration of endodontically treated teeth 1 /certified fixed orthodontic c...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Stress breakers /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
An interim removable partial denture (RPD) addresses patients’ concerns regarding esthetics and function and helps them adjust to the edentulous condition until a more definitive form of treatment can be rendered.
Impression materials and techniques in fpd part 2Dr.Rohit Mistry
Part 2 of the presentation deals with impression techniques in FPD, it also deals with some atypical and new techniques of impression making. it also gives a basic on digital impression along with a brief history about inception of digital impresssion
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Lab steps mould preparation to finish/ dental crown & bridge coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Endodontic sealers a summary and a quick review Rami Al-Saedi
a slideshow presentation lectured and presented in Al-Sadr Specialized dental center in the continuing dental learning weekly lectures.
Rusafa medical institute- Baghdad- Iraq
lecturer: Dr. Rami Ahmed Jumaah (BDS)
Supervisor: Dr. Iman J. Ahmed (BDS: MSc)
Porcelains used in metal ceramics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Restoration of endodontically treated teeth 1 /certified fixed orthodontic c...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Stress breakers /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Precision attachments in prosthodontics/ orthodontics short term coursesIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Impression for distal extension bases /certified fixed orthodontic courses b...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Design consideration in reducing stress in rpd/ oral surgery courses Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Raju designing of class i and class ii/ dental crown & bridge coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Stress exerted against the teeth and their attachment apparatus by occlusal forces may be within the adaptive capacities of the tissues or else the tissues may not be capable of compensation and adaptation and the result is tissue destruction
Designing in removable partial dentures /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Designing in removable partial dentures /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
classification, Type of Fixtures Sterilization and Passivation/endodontic cou...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Anchorage & Its Management In Stage I Of Beggs technique/ fixed orthodontics...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Implants /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting
training center with best faculty and flexible training programs
for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental
practice,Offers certified courses in Dental
implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic
Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Direct retrainers /orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Direct retainers2 / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Similar to Stress breakers / dentistry dental implants (20)
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
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4.Demo on Models
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6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
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Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
Stress breakers / dentistry dental implants
1. St ress
BreakersINDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
www.indiandentalacademy.com
2. Contents
• Introduction
• Definition
• Types of stresses created on the abutment teeth
• Concept
• Aims of stress breaking
• Guidelines of stress breaking
• Classification
• Advantages and disadvantages
• Factors that influence the magnitude of stress that is
transmitted to the abutment tooth
• Design considerations in the control of stress
www.indiandentalacademy.com
3. Introduction
Stress may be defined as force per unit area within a
structure subjected to an external force or pressure.
Stress exerted against the teeth and their attachment
apparatuses by occlusal forces may be within the
adaptive capacities of the tissues or else the tissues may
not be capable of compensation and adaptation and the
result is tissue destruction.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
4. Various approaches are been made to distribute the
stress or forces acting on a partial denture between the
soft tissue and teeth one among them is stress breaker.
The stress breaker is suggested as a means to allow
the base to move slightly with less strain to the
abutments . www.indiandentalacademy.com
5. Definition
• A stress breaker is a device that allows some
movement between the denture base or its
supporting framework and the direct
retainers [whether they are intracoronal or
extracoronal] by McCracken
• Stress breaker is a flexible or a movable joint
between the teeth and the metal framework,
so that the denture base can move
independently of the clasp. [Joseph.E.
Grasso]
www.indiandentalacademy.com
6. Types of stresses created on the abutment teeth
In general there are three types of stresses on the
abutment teeth
• Vertical
• Lateral
• Oblique/anteroposterior
www.indiandentalacademy.com
7. A fundamental fact is that the periodontal ligament is not
designed by nature to provide a cushioning effect for the
tooth but is a suspensory ligament by means of which
the tooth is suspended in its alveolus thus, the horizontal
stress applied against the tooth will be resisted by fewer
than half of the periodontal membrane fibres, whereas a
vertical stress will be resisted by all of the fibres with the
exception of those at the apex.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
8. The forces that act on the tooth in a direction along its
long axis are transferred by the periodontal ligament to
the bone as tension, which is tolerated quite well. In
contrast to this, the transverse or torsional stresses that
are transmitted to the tooth are transferred to the
periodontal ligament and to the bone as pressure, which
is not well tolerated. Depending on the magnitude and
the duration of the stress, the result may be crushing of
the periodontal ligament, or even necrosis and bone
resorption.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
9. Thus vertical stress results from a lack of distal tooth
support.
lateral stress results from a horizontal movement of the
denture .
anteroposterior stress is a result of a combination of the
first two.
In all types of stress, the abutment becomes the fulcrum.
To control these stresses and to distribute them between
mucosa and the adjacent teeth requires a careful
consideration of:
1] The condition of the teeth and mucosa
2] The impression techniques
3] The denture design
4] The distribution of stress between the mucosa and as
many supporting teeth as possible
www.indiandentalacademy.com
11. Concept
A partial denture base that is unsupported at one end
may move on its displaceable foundation when
masticatory loads are applied, the prospect of this
movement will transmit torsional stress to the
abutment through the direct retainer which may affect
the health and longevity of the abutment tooth. The
resiliency of the average tooth under load is 0.1
mm,whereas the alveolar ridge which is 4 to 20 times
as displaceable as a natural tooth, may be displaced
between 0.4 to 2mm.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
12. These have led to the concept that the abutment tooth
should be relieved of this load and that part of this
burden should be placed on the residual ridge. The
transfer of stress is accomplished either by the
employment of specially designed device interposed
between the denture base and the clasps or the frame
work design that permits movement of the base
independently of the clasp .The direction and extend of
the movement that the base is permitted to make
depends on the design and the construction of the
particular stress breaker device being used.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
13. According to Kennedy a well designed round wire clasp
is itself a stress breaker and allows enough saddle
movement to prevent excessive strain on the abutment
teeth.
The basic requisite for an ideal stress breaker is to
equalize the stress placed on the abutment teeth and
edentulous areas so that the work load for each will
approach their physiologic tolerance.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
14. Aims of stress breaking
• To direct occlusal forces in the long axis of the
abutment teeth.
• To prevent harmful loads being applied to the remaining
natural teeth.
• To share load as evenly as possible between the natural
teeth and saddle areas according to the ability of these
different tissues to accept the loads.
• To ensure that part of the load applied to the saddle area
is distributed as evenly as possible over the whole
mucosal surface.
• To provide greater comfort to the patient.
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15. Guidelines for stress breaker
To decide whether to use a stress breaker or a rigid
design
Rule 1: If the teeth are strong and the ridge is poor
flat, knife edged, or narrow- use a rigid design.
Rule 2: If the teeth are weak e.g., loss of supporting
tissues so the mobility is plus or more and the ridge
is strong, use a stress breaker.
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16. Classification
Stress-breakers can be classified according to their mode
of action:
• Type 1 - Those utilizing a hinge or moveable joint.
( moveable joint between direct retainer and the denture
base )
• Type 2 - Those utilizing flexible connection.
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17. Type 1 Stress-breakers
• These can be used in association with either precision
attachments or clasp units as tooth-bearing direct
retainers. In this group fall the hinges, sleeves and
cylinders, and ball and-socket devices.
• The hinge is usually of a rigid design, the soft tissue
absorbs a minimum of load adjacent to the hinge and a
maximum of load toward the distal of the ridge. The base
is permitted movement in a vertical plane only. The
movement may be unrestricted, or it may be controlled
within definite limits by a stop arrangement built into the
device.
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18. • This serves to prevent some direct transmission of
tipping forces to the abutment teeth as the base moves
tissue ward under function. The hinge type of device
spares the tooth from all stresses that results from
vertical movement of the base, but it is still subjected to
all the lateral and torsional stresses .
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19. • An example of this
group are the various
hinges, the Swiss
made Dalbo
attachment and the
Crismani attachment.
• If the device works on
a ball and socket
principle, movement
of the base is allowed
in all planes and the
tooth is relieved of all
stress.
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21. Type 2
Second group include those design having a flexible
connection between the direct retainer and the denture
base including wrought wire connectors, divided major
connectors and other flexible devices for permitting
movement of the distal extension base also included in
this group are those using a moveable joint between two
major connectors.. The earliest of such connectors were
double lingual bars of wrought metal, one supporting the
clasp and the other components and the other
supporting and connecting the distal extension bases.
These are normally used in association with clasp units
as direct retainers .
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22. Various forms which are commonly applied are:
1. Torsion bars/split bar major connectors
Used in the design of a lower partial denture
carrying bilateral free- end saddles. Bars extend
anteriorly from the clasp units on each side to
join a lingual bar near the midline.
Flexibility can be controlled by varying the
cross-section of the torsion bars, the method of
construction (cast or wrought) and the material
of construction (normally gold alloys or cobalt
chromium alloys).
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23. Disadvantages are
• In a torsion bar structure in that the double
bar system is liable to trap food and cause
irritation to the tongue.
• Some split connectors used as stress
breakers have been known to pinch the
underlying soft tissues or the tongue as
they open and close under function.
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25. 2. Partial division of connectors
This principle can be applied in both upper and lower
dentures. For example, in a lower denture, a lingual plate
may be partly divided by an antero-posterior slot. The
upper portion of the plate is attached to the retainer unit
on the abutment tooth and the lower portion is attached
to the saddle a degree of flexibility between the retainer
unit and the saddle is so developed.
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26. A lower partial
denture framework
with partial division
of a lingual plate to
achieve stress
breaking.
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27. 3. Mesial placement of occlusal rests
This offers the simplest available approach to
stress-breaking. The degree of stress-breaking
achieved is though, much less than that
available where more complex devices are
employed. It may be used in the design of either
upper or lower dentures.
By positioning the rest of the clasp unit on the
mesial instead of on the distal fossa of the
abutment tooth and by using a minor connector
to link the rest to a major connector some
flexibility may be introduced into the clasp
unit/saddle link .www.indiandentalacademy.com
29. Other types of stress breakers
12-gauge chrome wire stress breaker
The advantages :
• The extension base moves vertically immediately and
the resiliency of the wire quickly returns the base to its
original position
• The rigidity of the 12 gauge wire avoids overloading the
mucosa.
• The mucosa is also more evenly loaded.
• It is easy to splint teeth with this design.
• The fabrication is relatively simple .Repairs are rarely
needed.
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30. Split palate stress breaker
A stress breaker for a maxillary partial denture is often
not necessary, has there is more alveolar ridge for
support .
In case of Kennedy class V, partial denture may be
difficult to design, as the placement of a rest on the weak
lateral incisor is not considered desirable. The left
second molar would be required to absorb most of the
load of mastication on the left side. In such cases a split
palate stress breaker was designed.
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31. The amount of movement is tested by seating the casting
in the mouth and creating vertical movement using finger
pressure on the area of the extension base. The isolated
molar is now splinted to the right side by the rigid major
connectors and the use of multiple clasps. During
loading, the denture base will move vertically with equal
force on the soft tissues.
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32. Advantages
1. Since the horizontal forces acting on the abutment
teeth are minimized, the alveolar support of these
teeth is preserved.
2. By careful choice of the type of flexible connector, it is
possible to obtain a balance of stress between the
abutment teeth and the residual ridge.
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33. 3 Intermittent pressure of the denture bases massages
the mucosa, thus providing physiologic stimulation,
which prevents bone resorption and eliminates the
need for relining.
4 If relining is needed but not done, the abutment teeth
are not damaged as quickly.
5 Splinting of weak teeth by the denture is made
possible despite the movement of a distal extension
base. www.indiandentalacademy.com
34. Disadvantages
1. The broken stress denture is usually more difficult to
fabricate and therefore more costly.
2. Vertical and horizontal forces are concentrated on the
residual ridge, resulting in increased ridge resorption.
Many stress breakers designs are not well stabilized
against horizontal forces.
3. If relining is not done when needed, excessive
resorption of the residual ridge may result.
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35. 4. The effectiveness of indirect retainers is reduced or
eliminated altogether.
5. The more complicated the prosthesis ,the less it may
be tolerated by the patient. Spaces between
components are sometimes opened up in function,
thus trapping food.
6. Flexible connectors may be bent and distorted by
careless handling. Even a slightly distorted connector
may bring more stress to bear on the abutment
7. Repair and maintenance of any stress breaker is
difficult, costly, and frequently required.
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36. Thank you
For more details please visit
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