The document discusses recent advances in materials used for fixed partial dentures (FPDs). It begins with background on existing materials for FPDs and their problems. New advances addressed issues like ceramic fractures in zirconia through improved veneering techniques like CAD-CAM milling and rapid layer technology. Translucent zirconia formulations and gradient technology helped address opacity issues. Developments in third generation zirconia and improved cementation methods using MDP bonding helped reduce aging problems. The emphasis is on how new materials and connector designs have improved the performance of FPDs.
This document provides an overview of ceramics used in fixed prosthodontics. It discusses various types of ceramics including glass ceramics, glass infiltrated mixtures, and polycrystalline ceramics. Examples mentioned include lithium disilicate, zirconia, and alumina. The document reviews clinical indications and uses of different ceramics, as well as case considerations, preparation designs, and causes of failure. An outline is provided of the topics to be covered in the presentation on ceramics in dental practice.
This document summarizes the history and development of ceramic materials used in dentistry over the past 200+ years. It traces the evolution from early porcelain dentures in the late 18th century to modern all-ceramic systems using lithium disilicate, zirconia and CAD/CAM technologies. The key properties of esthetics, biocompatibility, strength and preservation of tooth structure are discussed for different ceramic types. Clinical indications and considerations are provided to help practitioners select the best ceramic material for a given case.
There have been several changes since inception in the field of dental ceramics. Need for newer materials with improved aesthetics, flexural strength and optical properties made it necessary for introduction of advanced technology in fabrication of dental ceramics.
Flexible removable partial dentures are made of thermoplastic resins like nylon that are more flexible than traditional acrylic partial dentures. They are easier to insert when there are undercuts in the dental arches. Flexible partial dentures distribute stress along the gums better than rigid partial dentures, causing less damage to oral tissues and greater comfort. While flexible dentures have advantages over traditional partial dentures, disadvantages include the potential for tooth detachment and staining over time.
This document discusses all-ceramic dental restorations, specifically zirconia. It provides an overview of zirconia, including that it is a crystalline dioxide of zirconium that is superior to other ceramics due to its high strength and esthetics. Applications of zirconia include crowns, bridges, implant fixtures, abutments and prostheses. The document concludes that zirconia combined with porcelain veneers is well-suited for replacing anterior teeth and full-contour zirconia can replace posterior teeth, and resin cement provides excellent adhesion.
This document provides an overview of all-ceramic restorations, focusing on zirconium dioxide and lithium disilicate. It discusses the properties, indications, advantages and disadvantages of each material. It also covers tooth preparation techniques, laboratory fabrication methods, and cementation protocols for all-ceramic restorations. Zirconium dioxide has excellent mechanical strength and biocompatibility, while lithium disilicate has higher translucency making it suitable for anterior teeth. Proper tooth preparation and cementation are important for successful restoration.
This document discusses laminate veneers, including their history, definitions, indications, contraindications, and comparisons of different types of veneers. Laminate veneers originated in the 1930s when Dr. Charles Pincus used thin resin and porcelain facings to create Hollywood smiles for actors. The document compares direct resin veneers, indirect resin veneers, and porcelain indirect veneers in terms of strength, esthetics, longevity, costs, and other factors. Porcelain indirect veneers generally provide the best esthetics and longevity while direct resin veneers are best for covering dark stains and cost less.
The document discusses the principles and techniques for cast metal inlay restorations, including materials used, indications and contraindications, advantages and disadvantages. It covers cavity design considerations like apico-occlusal taper, convergence angles, and preparation features. Furthermore, it examines bevel designs and their significance in strengthening tooth structure and improving marginal adaptation of cast restorations.
This document provides an overview of ceramics used in fixed prosthodontics. It discusses various types of ceramics including glass ceramics, glass infiltrated mixtures, and polycrystalline ceramics. Examples mentioned include lithium disilicate, zirconia, and alumina. The document reviews clinical indications and uses of different ceramics, as well as case considerations, preparation designs, and causes of failure. An outline is provided of the topics to be covered in the presentation on ceramics in dental practice.
This document summarizes the history and development of ceramic materials used in dentistry over the past 200+ years. It traces the evolution from early porcelain dentures in the late 18th century to modern all-ceramic systems using lithium disilicate, zirconia and CAD/CAM technologies. The key properties of esthetics, biocompatibility, strength and preservation of tooth structure are discussed for different ceramic types. Clinical indications and considerations are provided to help practitioners select the best ceramic material for a given case.
There have been several changes since inception in the field of dental ceramics. Need for newer materials with improved aesthetics, flexural strength and optical properties made it necessary for introduction of advanced technology in fabrication of dental ceramics.
Flexible removable partial dentures are made of thermoplastic resins like nylon that are more flexible than traditional acrylic partial dentures. They are easier to insert when there are undercuts in the dental arches. Flexible partial dentures distribute stress along the gums better than rigid partial dentures, causing less damage to oral tissues and greater comfort. While flexible dentures have advantages over traditional partial dentures, disadvantages include the potential for tooth detachment and staining over time.
This document discusses all-ceramic dental restorations, specifically zirconia. It provides an overview of zirconia, including that it is a crystalline dioxide of zirconium that is superior to other ceramics due to its high strength and esthetics. Applications of zirconia include crowns, bridges, implant fixtures, abutments and prostheses. The document concludes that zirconia combined with porcelain veneers is well-suited for replacing anterior teeth and full-contour zirconia can replace posterior teeth, and resin cement provides excellent adhesion.
This document provides an overview of all-ceramic restorations, focusing on zirconium dioxide and lithium disilicate. It discusses the properties, indications, advantages and disadvantages of each material. It also covers tooth preparation techniques, laboratory fabrication methods, and cementation protocols for all-ceramic restorations. Zirconium dioxide has excellent mechanical strength and biocompatibility, while lithium disilicate has higher translucency making it suitable for anterior teeth. Proper tooth preparation and cementation are important for successful restoration.
This document discusses laminate veneers, including their history, definitions, indications, contraindications, and comparisons of different types of veneers. Laminate veneers originated in the 1930s when Dr. Charles Pincus used thin resin and porcelain facings to create Hollywood smiles for actors. The document compares direct resin veneers, indirect resin veneers, and porcelain indirect veneers in terms of strength, esthetics, longevity, costs, and other factors. Porcelain indirect veneers generally provide the best esthetics and longevity while direct resin veneers are best for covering dark stains and cost less.
The document discusses the principles and techniques for cast metal inlay restorations, including materials used, indications and contraindications, advantages and disadvantages. It covers cavity design considerations like apico-occlusal taper, convergence angles, and preparation features. Furthermore, it examines bevel designs and their significance in strengthening tooth structure and improving marginal adaptation of cast restorations.
Dental cements have evolved significantly since the first cements were introduced in the late 1800s. Zinc phosphate cement, introduced in the late 1800s, was one of the earliest dental cements and remains the gold standard against which newer cements are compared. In the 1960s, polycarboxylate cement was introduced and was the first cement system to provide an adhesive bond to tooth structure. Glass ionomer cement, introduced in the 1970s, also chemically bonds to tooth structure and was a significant development as it was the first cement with anticariogenic properties.
RECENT ADVANCES IN REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURESNAMITHA ANAND
This document discusses recent advances in removable partial dentures (RPDs). It begins with an introduction noting that while healthcare technology has advanced, RPD design and fabrication has not significantly changed since the 1950s. It then discusses pros and cons of various materials commonly used for RPDs like metals, flexibles, and acrylic. New high performance polymers and CAD/CAM systems for digital design and manufacturing of RPD frameworks are also covered. The use of polymers like PEEK and implant-assisted RPDs to improve support, retention and stability is summarized. The document concludes with a review of the literature on the accuracy of CAD-CAM systems for RPD frameworks and a clinical case report on the use of 3D-printed
This document discusses and compares the advantages and disadvantages of various types of removable partial dentures (RPDs), including cast metal RPDs, conventional rigid acrylic RPDs, and nylon flexible dentures. It provides details on the composition, manipulation, and commercial products of nylon flexible dentures. While flexible dentures are more comfortable and esthetic than other options, they also have limitations such as being intended only for temporary use, difficulty in repairing or relining, and lack of occlusal rests. The document analyzes factors to consider when selecting between RPD materials based on a patient's needs and dental situation.
The document discusses various topics related to all ceramics, including:
1) It provides a brief history of ceramics in dentistry from the 18th century to present day developments.
2) Ceramics are classified based on their firing temperature, composition, microstructure and other properties. Different ceramic systems used in dentistry are also outlined.
3) The advantages of dental ceramics include esthetics, biocompatibility and wear resistance, while disadvantages are brittleness and difficulty to repair.
4) Manufacturing processes like firing, sintering and glazing are described which involve chemical reactions and compaction of ceramic particles.
This document discusses tissue conditioners and soft denture liners. It defines tissue conditioners as temporary resilient materials placed inside a denture for a short period to allow healing of traumatized tissues. Soft denture liners provide long-term cushioning and are made of materials like silicone or soft acrylic. The document outlines the ideal properties, uses, and application process for tissue conditioners. It also discusses the requirements for resilient denture liners to be biologically compatible, resilient, dimensionally stable, and resistant to staining and abrasion.
This document discusses different types of all-ceramic dental restorations, including their compositions and manufacturing techniques. It describes sintered ceramics like alumina and leucite-based materials, heat pressed ceramics like IPS Empress and lithium disilicate, slip cast ceramics like In-Ceram alumina and spinel, and machinable ceramics milled using CAD/CAM or copy milling. The advantages of all-ceramic restorations are also summarized, such as superior esthetics, biocompatibility, and bond strength compared to ceramic-metal restorations.
Post endodontic restoration /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Impression Techniques in Fixed partial dentureDr.Richa Sahai
This document provides information on dental impressions, including:
- Criteria for an ideal impression include accurately recording all tooth structure and contours.
- Definitions of impression, impression material, and cast.
- Overview of different impression techniques discussed in literature such as stock tray, custom tray, copper band, and hydrocolloid impressions.
- Key steps for making impressions including use of retraction cords, evaluating the final impression, and pouring the stone cast.
- The document is intended to inform dentists on selecting appropriate impression materials and techniques.
This document provides an overview of dental ceramics. It discusses the historical perspective of dental ceramics dating back 23,000 years. It also covers the classification, composition, properties, processing methods like condensation and firing, and advances in all-ceramic and metal-ceramic dental systems. The document contains detailed information on the composition, properties and processing of various dental ceramic materials like feldspathic porcelain, leucite-reinforced porcelain, and glass ceramics. It compares conventional powder-slurry ceramics with newer CAD/CAM and machinable ceramic materials.
GLASS IONOMER CEMENT AND ITS RECENT ADVANCES- by Dr. JAGADEESH KODITYALAJagadeesh Kodityala
This document provides an overview of glass ionomer cement, including its definition, history, composition, classification, setting reaction, properties, and recent advances. Key points include:
- Glass ionomer cement was invented in 1969 and first reported in 1971, consisting of a glass powder and aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid.
- It is classified based on its intended use, such as luting cement, restorative cement, or liner/base material.
- The setting reaction involves an acid-base reaction between the glass powder and polyacrylic acid, forming bonds through a calcium polyacrylate matrix that continues to harden over time.
- Properties include adhesion to tooth structure, biocompatibility, fluoride
Porcelain jacket crowns are all-ceramic dental crowns made entirely of ceramic materials for replacing the outer layers of teeth. They can be bonded or cemented. Bonded crowns are made from feldspathic porcelain, glass ceramics, or lithium disilicate and are etched and bonded for a conservative preparation. Cemented crowns use a high-strength ceramic core like alumina or zirconia with porcelain added for esthetics. They require a 1.5mm shoulder preparation. Fabrication involves making an impression, die, slip-casting or pressing/milling the core, building up porcelain, and cementation with resin or glass ionomer cement.
The document provides an overview of all-ceramic dental restorations. It discusses the history of ceramics in dentistry, different ceramic materials used including aluminous core ceramics, heat pressed ceramics, machinable ceramics, and zirconia ceramics. It also outlines the different all-ceramic restoration types including crowns, fixed partial dentures, inlays, onlays, and veneers. The clinical procedures for fabricating and cementing all-ceramic restorations are described including tooth preparation, impression taking, temporization, try-in, finishing, and cementation. Factors affecting the selection of all-ceramic restorations are also
The document discusses immediate dentures, which are dentures fabricated and inserted immediately following tooth extraction. It describes the different types of immediate dentures, including conventional/classic immediate dentures, interim immediate dentures, labial flange dentures, partial flange dentures, and flangeless/socketed dentures. The advantages of immediate dentures include maintaining a patient's appearance without teeth, providing a bandage effect to extraction sites, and allowing easier adaptation to dentures during healing. However, immediate dentures also present challenges like reduced retention from undercuts caused by remaining posterior teeth.
Provisional restoration in fixed partial denturebhuvanesh4668
This document discusses various techniques for fabricating provisional restorations. It begins by defining provisional restorations and outlining their key requirements and purposes. It then describes common provisional luting materials and different types of provisional restorations that can be used. The remainder of the document focuses on detailing specific techniques for fabricating provisional restorations, including direct fabrication techniques, indirect techniques using impressions or templates, and the use of prefabricated crowns. Key steps are outlined for a variety of techniques.
1) The document discusses different types of occlusion including mutually protected occlusion, group function occlusion, balanced occlusion, and occlusion for complete dentures, removable partial dentures, fixed partial dentures, and osseointegrated prostheses.
2) It describes the desirable characteristics of occlusion for each type of prosthesis, such as bilateral simultaneous contacts, anterior guidance, disclusion of posterior teeth on protrusion, and distribution of forces.
3) The key advantages of different occlusal schemes like mutually protected occlusion and group function occlusion are minimizing tooth contacts and distributing lateral pressures.
Unlike natural teeth, the artificial teeth act as a single unit. Hence there should be a minimum of three point contact (usually one anterior and two posterior) between the upper and lower teeth at any position of the mandible for even force distribution and stabilization of the denture.
All occlusal forms should have a tripod contact in centric relation. Balanced occlusion should have a tripod contact in eccentric relation.
all ceramic materials- Dr Rasleen SabharwalRas Sabharwal
This document provides an overview of all ceramic materials used in dentistry. It begins with an introduction to dental ceramics and their advantages over other materials. The document then covers the history, composition, properties and classification of different ceramic materials. It describes various strengthening methods for ceramics including residual stresses, dispersion of crystalline phases, and thermal compatibility. The document outlines production techniques for conventional powder slurry ceramics, castable ceramics, machinable ceramics, infiltrated ceramics, and zirconia-based systems.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses root canal sealers, including their definition, requirements, functions, and classifications. It describes various common sealers such as zinc oxide eugenol sealers like Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer, Procosol, and Grossman Sealer. It also discusses non-eugenol sealers, medicated sealers, and calcium hydroxide based sealers. The document provides details on the composition, properties, advantages, disadvantages and uses of different sealers.
There are two main types of denture bases: metal and plastic/acrylic. A denture base attaches prosthetic teeth, transfers forces from chewing to supporting teeth or gums, and replaces missing jawbone and gums. A metal denture base uses a metal material in contact with the gums which teeth are attached to, either with plastic overlay or cement. It is indicated when further bone loss is not expected, a reinforced tooth is needed, or for a floating denture concept. Advantages are rigidity, thermal conductivity and stability, while disadvantages include difficulty adjusting the metal to gums and lack of esthetics.
This is a journal club presentation featuring a recent article in which the authors have attempted a new classification of all ceramic materials.
The presentation and all the related material is available on request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
Class on "Porcelain layering on zirconia coping"
Presentation by Prof. Dr. Marco Ferrari MD, DMD, PhD.
http://www.dentalevo.it/dentistry-materials/porcelain-layering-zirconia-coping/
Dental cements have evolved significantly since the first cements were introduced in the late 1800s. Zinc phosphate cement, introduced in the late 1800s, was one of the earliest dental cements and remains the gold standard against which newer cements are compared. In the 1960s, polycarboxylate cement was introduced and was the first cement system to provide an adhesive bond to tooth structure. Glass ionomer cement, introduced in the 1970s, also chemically bonds to tooth structure and was a significant development as it was the first cement with anticariogenic properties.
RECENT ADVANCES IN REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURESNAMITHA ANAND
This document discusses recent advances in removable partial dentures (RPDs). It begins with an introduction noting that while healthcare technology has advanced, RPD design and fabrication has not significantly changed since the 1950s. It then discusses pros and cons of various materials commonly used for RPDs like metals, flexibles, and acrylic. New high performance polymers and CAD/CAM systems for digital design and manufacturing of RPD frameworks are also covered. The use of polymers like PEEK and implant-assisted RPDs to improve support, retention and stability is summarized. The document concludes with a review of the literature on the accuracy of CAD-CAM systems for RPD frameworks and a clinical case report on the use of 3D-printed
This document discusses and compares the advantages and disadvantages of various types of removable partial dentures (RPDs), including cast metal RPDs, conventional rigid acrylic RPDs, and nylon flexible dentures. It provides details on the composition, manipulation, and commercial products of nylon flexible dentures. While flexible dentures are more comfortable and esthetic than other options, they also have limitations such as being intended only for temporary use, difficulty in repairing or relining, and lack of occlusal rests. The document analyzes factors to consider when selecting between RPD materials based on a patient's needs and dental situation.
The document discusses various topics related to all ceramics, including:
1) It provides a brief history of ceramics in dentistry from the 18th century to present day developments.
2) Ceramics are classified based on their firing temperature, composition, microstructure and other properties. Different ceramic systems used in dentistry are also outlined.
3) The advantages of dental ceramics include esthetics, biocompatibility and wear resistance, while disadvantages are brittleness and difficulty to repair.
4) Manufacturing processes like firing, sintering and glazing are described which involve chemical reactions and compaction of ceramic particles.
This document discusses tissue conditioners and soft denture liners. It defines tissue conditioners as temporary resilient materials placed inside a denture for a short period to allow healing of traumatized tissues. Soft denture liners provide long-term cushioning and are made of materials like silicone or soft acrylic. The document outlines the ideal properties, uses, and application process for tissue conditioners. It also discusses the requirements for resilient denture liners to be biologically compatible, resilient, dimensionally stable, and resistant to staining and abrasion.
This document discusses different types of all-ceramic dental restorations, including their compositions and manufacturing techniques. It describes sintered ceramics like alumina and leucite-based materials, heat pressed ceramics like IPS Empress and lithium disilicate, slip cast ceramics like In-Ceram alumina and spinel, and machinable ceramics milled using CAD/CAM or copy milling. The advantages of all-ceramic restorations are also summarized, such as superior esthetics, biocompatibility, and bond strength compared to ceramic-metal restorations.
Post endodontic restoration /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Impression Techniques in Fixed partial dentureDr.Richa Sahai
This document provides information on dental impressions, including:
- Criteria for an ideal impression include accurately recording all tooth structure and contours.
- Definitions of impression, impression material, and cast.
- Overview of different impression techniques discussed in literature such as stock tray, custom tray, copper band, and hydrocolloid impressions.
- Key steps for making impressions including use of retraction cords, evaluating the final impression, and pouring the stone cast.
- The document is intended to inform dentists on selecting appropriate impression materials and techniques.
This document provides an overview of dental ceramics. It discusses the historical perspective of dental ceramics dating back 23,000 years. It also covers the classification, composition, properties, processing methods like condensation and firing, and advances in all-ceramic and metal-ceramic dental systems. The document contains detailed information on the composition, properties and processing of various dental ceramic materials like feldspathic porcelain, leucite-reinforced porcelain, and glass ceramics. It compares conventional powder-slurry ceramics with newer CAD/CAM and machinable ceramic materials.
GLASS IONOMER CEMENT AND ITS RECENT ADVANCES- by Dr. JAGADEESH KODITYALAJagadeesh Kodityala
This document provides an overview of glass ionomer cement, including its definition, history, composition, classification, setting reaction, properties, and recent advances. Key points include:
- Glass ionomer cement was invented in 1969 and first reported in 1971, consisting of a glass powder and aqueous solution of polyacrylic acid.
- It is classified based on its intended use, such as luting cement, restorative cement, or liner/base material.
- The setting reaction involves an acid-base reaction between the glass powder and polyacrylic acid, forming bonds through a calcium polyacrylate matrix that continues to harden over time.
- Properties include adhesion to tooth structure, biocompatibility, fluoride
Porcelain jacket crowns are all-ceramic dental crowns made entirely of ceramic materials for replacing the outer layers of teeth. They can be bonded or cemented. Bonded crowns are made from feldspathic porcelain, glass ceramics, or lithium disilicate and are etched and bonded for a conservative preparation. Cemented crowns use a high-strength ceramic core like alumina or zirconia with porcelain added for esthetics. They require a 1.5mm shoulder preparation. Fabrication involves making an impression, die, slip-casting or pressing/milling the core, building up porcelain, and cementation with resin or glass ionomer cement.
The document provides an overview of all-ceramic dental restorations. It discusses the history of ceramics in dentistry, different ceramic materials used including aluminous core ceramics, heat pressed ceramics, machinable ceramics, and zirconia ceramics. It also outlines the different all-ceramic restoration types including crowns, fixed partial dentures, inlays, onlays, and veneers. The clinical procedures for fabricating and cementing all-ceramic restorations are described including tooth preparation, impression taking, temporization, try-in, finishing, and cementation. Factors affecting the selection of all-ceramic restorations are also
The document discusses immediate dentures, which are dentures fabricated and inserted immediately following tooth extraction. It describes the different types of immediate dentures, including conventional/classic immediate dentures, interim immediate dentures, labial flange dentures, partial flange dentures, and flangeless/socketed dentures. The advantages of immediate dentures include maintaining a patient's appearance without teeth, providing a bandage effect to extraction sites, and allowing easier adaptation to dentures during healing. However, immediate dentures also present challenges like reduced retention from undercuts caused by remaining posterior teeth.
Provisional restoration in fixed partial denturebhuvanesh4668
This document discusses various techniques for fabricating provisional restorations. It begins by defining provisional restorations and outlining their key requirements and purposes. It then describes common provisional luting materials and different types of provisional restorations that can be used. The remainder of the document focuses on detailing specific techniques for fabricating provisional restorations, including direct fabrication techniques, indirect techniques using impressions or templates, and the use of prefabricated crowns. Key steps are outlined for a variety of techniques.
1) The document discusses different types of occlusion including mutually protected occlusion, group function occlusion, balanced occlusion, and occlusion for complete dentures, removable partial dentures, fixed partial dentures, and osseointegrated prostheses.
2) It describes the desirable characteristics of occlusion for each type of prosthesis, such as bilateral simultaneous contacts, anterior guidance, disclusion of posterior teeth on protrusion, and distribution of forces.
3) The key advantages of different occlusal schemes like mutually protected occlusion and group function occlusion are minimizing tooth contacts and distributing lateral pressures.
Unlike natural teeth, the artificial teeth act as a single unit. Hence there should be a minimum of three point contact (usually one anterior and two posterior) between the upper and lower teeth at any position of the mandible for even force distribution and stabilization of the denture.
All occlusal forms should have a tripod contact in centric relation. Balanced occlusion should have a tripod contact in eccentric relation.
all ceramic materials- Dr Rasleen SabharwalRas Sabharwal
This document provides an overview of all ceramic materials used in dentistry. It begins with an introduction to dental ceramics and their advantages over other materials. The document then covers the history, composition, properties and classification of different ceramic materials. It describes various strengthening methods for ceramics including residual stresses, dispersion of crystalline phases, and thermal compatibility. The document outlines production techniques for conventional powder slurry ceramics, castable ceramics, machinable ceramics, infiltrated ceramics, and zirconia-based systems.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses root canal sealers, including their definition, requirements, functions, and classifications. It describes various common sealers such as zinc oxide eugenol sealers like Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer, Procosol, and Grossman Sealer. It also discusses non-eugenol sealers, medicated sealers, and calcium hydroxide based sealers. The document provides details on the composition, properties, advantages, disadvantages and uses of different sealers.
There are two main types of denture bases: metal and plastic/acrylic. A denture base attaches prosthetic teeth, transfers forces from chewing to supporting teeth or gums, and replaces missing jawbone and gums. A metal denture base uses a metal material in contact with the gums which teeth are attached to, either with plastic overlay or cement. It is indicated when further bone loss is not expected, a reinforced tooth is needed, or for a floating denture concept. Advantages are rigidity, thermal conductivity and stability, while disadvantages include difficulty adjusting the metal to gums and lack of esthetics.
This is a journal club presentation featuring a recent article in which the authors have attempted a new classification of all ceramic materials.
The presentation and all the related material is available on request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
Class on "Porcelain layering on zirconia coping"
Presentation by Prof. Dr. Marco Ferrari MD, DMD, PhD.
http://www.dentalevo.it/dentistry-materials/porcelain-layering-zirconia-coping/
This document discusses indirect inlay restorations. It begins with an introduction that defines indirect restorations and provides examples. The document then discusses factors that influence preparation design such as the selected material and fabrication method. It also discusses geometrical considerations for preparation design. The document reviews traditional restorative materials like cast gold and composites as well as modern ceramic materials and fabrication methods. It discusses cementation techniques and the importance of adhesive cementation. In summary, the document provides an overview of indirect inlay restoration techniques and materials.
Evaluation of shear bond strength of veneeringdentalid
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of
veneering ceramic and zirconia fabricated by the digital veneering method.
Methods: A total of 50 specimens were fabricated, i.e., 10 specimens each for the metalceramic
(control) group and the four zirconia groups. The zirconia groups comprised specimens
fabricated by the digital veneering method, the heat pressing method, and hand
layering method for two groups, respectively. Furthermore, the shear bond strength was
measured with a universal testing machine (Model 3345, Instron, Canton, MA, USA) and
statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA set at a significance level of P < 0.05. The
corresponding mode of failure was determined from Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM
JSM 6701F, Jeol Ltd., Japan) observations.
Results: One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the metal-ceramic
group had the highest SBS (43.62 MPa), followed by the digital veneering method
(28.29 MPa), the heat pressing method (18.89 MPa), and the layering method
(18.65, 17.21 MPa). The samples fabricated by digital veneering had a significantly
higher SBS than the other zirconia samples (P < 0.05). All of the samples exhibited mixed
failure.
Conclusions: Veneering ceramic with a zirconia core that was fabricated via the digital
veneering method is believed to be effective in clinical use since, its shear bond strength
is significantly higher than that resulting from the conventional method.
Porcelain fracture in the patient mouth is areal frustration for both the patient and the dentist, a review of the causes of this problem, whether are technical or clinical, is done. However, it is considered as a frequent problem in the dental office, a review of the different option for managing this dilemma is exposed.
This document discusses the use of zirconia in dentistry. It describes how zirconia ceramics have improved strength and biocompatibility compared to other ceramics. Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems allow for the fabrication of zirconia frameworks for various dental restorations like crowns, bridges, implants and more. The document reviews manufacturing methods for zirconia and its potential clinical applications. While early results are promising, more long-term clinical data is still needed to fully understand the performance and survival of zirconia dental restorations.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
A Project Submitted to the Materials Engineering Department / University of Technology (Baghdad -Iraq )in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of b.sc in Materials Engineering
Investigation of the Remineralization Effect Tnrough Scanning Electron Micros...IJERA Editor
Background: Local fluoride varnishes have been widely used as a method of non-operative treatment and for
caries preventive interventions for more than three decades.
Purpose: Evaluation of the remineralization effect by means of electron microscopy of mineralization varnish -
Clinpro ™ White Varnish with TCP (Tri-Calcium phosphate) (3M).
Materials and Methods: The material used is from 20 temporary intact teeth, extracted due to physiological
change with permanent teeth, with a completely preserved structure and anatomy of crowns and fully
physiologically resorbed roots. For the purposes of the study a scanning electron microscope JEOL JSM 6390 is
used with an attachment for element analysis (EDS INCA of Oxford). Prepared samples are pre-coated with
gold (cathode sputtering with apparatus JEOL JFC – 1200) to obtain a better contrast of the SEM image of early
carious lesions on the smooth surfaces of the temporary teeth, with predilection for development of caries with a
d1 threshold. For this purpose the two processes were monitored occurring continuously on the enamel surfacede-
and remineralization. Performed was computer processing of the digital images.
Results: There is presence of certain minerals deposited in the embossed enamel prisms after of
remineralization. The chemical analysis established the presence of calcium (Ca2 +
), around the organic matrix.
Demineralised surface has pores present of around 1%, which is visible through the enamel on the surface of the
deciduous teeth looking like filled and pores looking like partially covered, filled with newly formed and
growing crystals. The crystals, which are hydroxylapatite, fluorapatite or fluorhydroxiapatite gradually connect,
growing and forming mineral structure filling the microscopi defects and the pores from the demineralisation in
the surface enamel prismless layer.
This study evaluated the Knoop microhardness and microshear bond strength of different dual-cured resin luting systems and a flowable resin when bonding leucite-reinforced ceramic to enamel. The results showed that the Scotchbond/RelyX ARC system had the highest bond strengths while the Single Bond/Filtek Z350 Flow showed the lowest. Thermocycling reduced bond strengths for all groups. Panavia F showed the highest hardness values and the flowable resin showed the lowest. Dual-cured resin luting systems provided more reliable bonding and hardness than the flowable resin.
This document summarizes a thesis that studied how to improve the bond strength of metal-ceramic dental restorations. The thesis looked at variables like hot pressing technique, surface treatment, processing of metal substructures, and preoxidation heat treatment. Hot pressing significantly improved bond strength compared to conventional techniques. Porcelain also bonded better to rough versus polished metal surfaces. A CoCrMo alloy produced by casting had a dendritic microstructure while hot pressing led to a globular microstructure, with the latter exhibiting higher hardness and corrosion resistance. Functionally graded materials incorporating metal/ceramic composites as interlayers significantly improved bond strength over conventional techniques, by over 140% in some cases. The new restorations also performed better
This document provides a review of ceramics used for dental applications. It discusses the evolution of ceramic materials from early metal-ceramic systems to modern all-ceramic options. Metal-ceramic systems rely on bonding ceramic veneers to metal substructures, and commonly use leucite-reinforced feldspathic porcelain. All-ceramic systems aim to eliminate metals and use higher crystal content ceramics for strength. The document summarizes key all-ceramic materials including heat-pressed ceramics (leucite and lithium disilicate), dry-pressed alumina, and slip-cast ceramics (alumina, spinel, zirconia-alumina). It describes the micro
This study evaluated the 10-year clinical performance of 4 types of tooth-colored inlays: direct ceramic (Cerec), indirect ceramic (Vita Dur N), direct composite (Brilliant DI), and indirect composite (Estilux). 58 inlays were placed in 37 patients. After 10 years, the survival rate of the inlays still functioning (with or without repair) ranged from 77.4-80%. The survival rate without repair was lower, ranging from 50.8-80%. No significant differences in survival rates were found between the 4 inlay types.
Effect of ferrule and post - journal club Effect of ferrule and post placemen...Partha Sarathi Adhya
The study evaluated the effect of ferrule placement and post placement on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth after fatigue loading. 40 teeth were divided into 4 groups: no ferrule-no post, no ferrule-post, 2mm ferrule-no post, 2mm ferrule-post. Teeth underwent fatigue loading and fracture testing. Results showed the highest fracture resistance in the 2mm ferrule-no post group, followed by the 2mm ferrule-post group. Only teeth with a ferrule restored without a post did not experience non-repairable root fractures. The study concludes that a 2mm ferrule can improve fracture resistance as much as adding
1) Fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) posts made of glass or quartz fibers embedded in an epoxy or resin matrix became popular in the 1990s as they were esthetically superior to earlier carbon fiber posts.
2) FRC posts have a modulus of elasticity similar to dentin, which helps distribute stresses throughout the root and reduces the risk of root fracture compared to stiffer metal posts.
3) Success of teeth restored with FRC posts depends strongly on the amount of remaining tooth structure, especially the presence of an adequate ferrule above the finish line.
This study evaluated the sag resistance of four base metal alloys commonly used in long-span metal ceramic frameworks. 80 metal specimens were fabricated and divided into 4 groups - groups I and II were "as cast" and with surface finishing, respectively. Each specimen underwent 3 simulated porcelain firing cycles and sag-related deflection was measured. It was found that the "as cast" samples (group I) had significantly less sag than finished samples. Among the alloys, Co-Cr alloys exhibited the least amount of sag, with values of 14.8μm for Wirobond SG and 19.4μm for the Ni-Cr alloy Wiron 99. The results show that surface modifications increase sag and Co-Cr
1. The document discusses different types of materials used for esthetic dental restorations including metal-ceramic, all-ceramic, and fiber-reinforced composites.
2. It describes the components, properties, advantages, and disadvantages of porcelain, zirconia, alumina, and fiber-reinforced composites.
3. Tooth preparation for all-ceramic restorations requires reducing tooth structure minimally while ensuring retention, resistance, and support of the restoration.
1. The document discusses different types of materials used for esthetic dental restorations including metal-ceramic, all-ceramic, and fiber-reinforced composites.
2. It describes the components, properties, advantages, and disadvantages of porcelain, zirconia, alumina, and fiber-reinforced composites.
3. Tooth preparation for all-ceramic restorations requires reducing tooth structure minimally while ensuring retention, resistance, and support of the restoration.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
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This document discusses the history and development of resin bonded fixed partial dentures. It describes how the technology has evolved from using natural teeth or acrylic as pontics to using cast metal frameworks with mechanical or chemical bonding to resin cement. The key developments include using perforated castings, etched castings, and macroretentive surfaces to improve bonding. Recent advances allow direct bonding of resin to metal frameworks using adhesive systems like Panavia. The document outlines the indications, contraindications, advantages, and fabrication process for resin bonded fixed partial dentures.
Similar to Advances in Materials in Fixed Partial Dentures (20)
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Mercurius is named after the roman god mercurius, the god of trade and science. The planet mercurius is named after the same god. Mercurius is sometimes called hydrargyrum, means ‘watery silver’. Its shine and colour are very similar to silver, but mercury is a fluid at room temperatures. The name quick silver is a translation of hydrargyrum, where the word quick describes its tendency to scatter away in all directions.
The droplets have a tendency to conglomerate to one big mass, but on being shaken they fall apart into countless little droplets again. It is used to ignite explosives, like mercury fulminate, the explosive character is one of its general themes.
The skin is the largest organ and its health plays a vital role among the other sense organs. The skin concerns like acne breakout, psoriasis, or anything similar along the lines, finding a qualified and experienced dermatologist becomes paramount.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Advances in Materials in Fixed Partial Dentures
1. Dr.Sivaranjani Gali MDS, PhD
Dept of Prosthodontics
Faculty of Dental Sciences
M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
Bangalore
Master Class for Post Graduates
Recent Advances of Materials in Fixed Partial
Dentures (Emphasis on Connector Designs)
20-3-21
Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
2. Learning Objectives......to be able to
Discuss Current Problems in Fixed
Partial Dentures (FPD)
Describe Recent Advances In Materials
in FPD
Provide Evidence Based Performance of
the Materials in FPD
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Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
3. Contents
Background of Existing Materials in Fixed Partial
Dentures (FPD)
Connecting Problems with Recent Advances in
Materials in FPD
Evidence Based Status of the Recent Advances
in Materials
Emphasis on Connector Designs
20-3-21
Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
4. Timeline of Dental Ceramics
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Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
10. Mechanical Properties of All-Ceramic
Systems
Material Modulus
GPa
Hardness
GPa
Toughness
MPa/m1/2
Strength
MPa
Glass Ceramics
Empress esthetic (Leucite)
65 6.2 1.3 160
IPS e.max Press
(lithium disilicate)
95 5.8 2.75 400
IPS e.max CAD
(lithium disilicate)
95 5.8 2.25 360
Alumina
Procera
In ceram Alumina
340
280
17
20
3.2
3.5
695
500
Zirconia
Lava
ZirCAD
210
210
14
13
5.9
5.5
1048
900
Dental Clinics of North America 2011;55:2
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Dr.Gali
11. Layered & Monolithic Ceramics
Layered Ceramic
Monolithic Ceramic
https://www.sciencedirect.com/scie
nce/article/pii/S0022391315006800
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Dr.Gali
12. Framework Designs
Bi-layered: Adequate Esthetics
Inadequate Strength
Monolithic: Adequate Strength
Inadequate Esthetics
http://sci-hub.tw/10.1155/2015/418641
20-3-21
Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
13. Material Survival Rates
Crowns Bridges
Lithium DisilicateGlass-Ceramics
IPS Empress 2
(Pressable Layered)
95.5 % 70 %
IPS e.max Press with
Apatite Glass Ceramic Veneer
(Pressable Layered)
96.6%
(3 yrs)
Monolithic
Inlays
100% (4 yrs)
Full Crown Retained
FDP
93% (8 yrs)
88% (10 yrs)
IPS e.max CAD (Milled)
Monolithic/ Bi-layered
Pressable Veneer
Core & Veneers
100% (2 yrs)
Journal of American Dental Assoc 2012;143:234-240
Clinical Oral Investigations 2013;1:275-284
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 2005 ;32:747
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1600-0722.2010.00767.x
20-3-21
Mind Martians-Advances in
Materials in FPD-Dr.Gali
14. Material Survival Rates
Crowns Bridges
Zirconia
1. Cercon /Cercon Ceram
(Layered)
2. Lava /Lava Ceram (Layered)
3. Monolithic
• 98% for 2 years
(9 % veneer
fracture)
• 100% for 3
years ( 5%
veneer
fracture)
• 100% survival
rate (3 yrs)
• 86.7% for
crowns (2 yrs)
• 91 % for 5 years with
13 % veneer fracture
• 100 % for 1 year with
3 % veneer fracture
• Connector fractures
• Debonding
• 92% (2yrs)
• 97.4% ( 5 yrs)
Journal of American Dental Assoc 2012;143:234-240
Clinical Oral Investigations 2013;1:275-284
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 2005 ;32:747
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1600-0722.2010.00767.x
. Dent J (Basel). 2019 Sep 2;7(3):90
20-3-21 Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
15. Moisture Assisted Crack Growth
of Zirconia
Ceramic fractures
Opacity of Zirconia
Difficult Etching
of Zirconia
20-3-21
Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
16. Contents
Background of Existing Materials in Fixed Partial
Dentures (FPD)
Connecting Problems with Recent
Advances in Materials in FPD
Evidence Based Status of the Recent Advances
in Materials
Emphasis on Connector Designs
20-3-21
Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
20. Veneer Fractures Core
Veneer
13 % incidence of veneer
fractures in all- ceramic
bilayered restorations in a 3
year follow up
15 % of veneer fractures in a 5
year follow up
Quintessence Int. 2006 Oct;37(9):685-93
Int J Prosthodont. 2007 Jul-Aug;20(4):383-
8
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Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
21. Why Veneer Fractures?
Inadequate support of
veneer from the core
Non-uniform thickness of
veneer
Low thermal conductivity of
cores
Low flexural strength of
veneer
20-3-21
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Dr.Gali
Low-temperature degradation of Y-TZP ceramics: A
systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Mech. Behav.
Biomed. Mater., 55, 151–163.
22. Problems of Layering Technique
https://id.cdeworld.com/courses/4663-Classification_of_Dental_Ceramics
Layering technique (Sintering)
Thermal gradients due to
sintering process
Heating and cooling rates
Low thermal conductivity of
zirconia
Presence of residual stresses
20-3-21
Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
32. Generations of Zirconia
First
Generation
3 mol % yttria
stabilized
zirconia
High
Strength &
Opaque
Second
Generation
Translucent 3
mol% YZP
Limited alumina
content (<0.05
%)
Third
Generation
4-5 mol % YZP
Highly
Translucent
Aging resistant
& Reduced
Strength
20-3-21
Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
33. First Generation Zirconia
Staining / Dipping Technique
Three generations of zirconia: From veneered to monolithic. Part I and Part II. Quintessence Int. 2017;48(6):441-450
20-3-21
Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
34. Second Generation Zirconia
• Alumina content reduced to less than 0.05%
• Improved translucency but suitable as monolithic
posterior restorations
• 0.5 mm thickness for tooth reduction due to good
strength
Three generations of zirconia: From veneered to monolithic. Part I and Part II. Quintessence Int. 2017;48(6):441-450
20-3-21
Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
35. Third Generation Zirconia
• 5 mol% YZP with Cubic (53%) and Tetragonal phase
• Higher translucency
• Less prone to Aging
• Low Strength of 400-500 MPa
Three generations of zirconia: From veneered to monolithic. Part I and Part II. Quintessence Int. 2017;48(6):441-450
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Dr.Gali
38. Gradient Technology in Zirconia
20-3-21
Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
39. Gradient Technology in Zirconia
• Larger Particles
• More 3Y Zirconia
• Low Translucency
• High Strength
• Small Particles
• More 5Y Zirconia
• High Translucency
• Low Strength
20-3-21
Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
40. Problem
Moisture Assisted Crack Growth
(Aging/Low Temperature Degradation)
20-3-21
Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
41. Aging of Zirconia
(Low Temperature Degradation)
Chevalier J. What future for zirconia as a biomaterial? Biomaterials. 2006
Feb;27(4):535-43. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.07.034.
20-3-21 Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
42. Chevalier J. What future for zirconia as a
biomaterial? Biomaterials. 2006 Feb;27(4):535-
43. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.07.034.
Moisture Assisted
Degradation
20-3-21
Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-Dr.Gali
43. Third Generation Zirconia
• 5 mol% YZP with Cubic (53%) and Tetragonal phase
• Higher translucency
• Less prone to Aging
• Low Strength of 400-500 MPa
20-3-21
Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
50. When Should Zirconia Be Bonded?
Suitable for Cementation with Self Adhesive Resin Cement:
• Tooth Preparation with adequate cervical –occlusal height:
h > 3mm
• Tooth Preparation with adequate taper, 2-5 degrees
Guide to Zirconia Bonding Essentials: John M Powers
20-3-21
Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
51. When Should Zirconia Be Bonded?
• Suitable for Cementation with MDP based Adhesive Resin
Cement
• Tooth with short clinical crown h < 3mm
• Tooth with overprepared taper > 5
Guide to Zirconia Bonding Essentials: John M Powers
20-3-21
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Dr.Gali
67. PEEK as a FPD Framework
Merits
• Good load resistance
• Low elastic modulus
• Comfort to patient
Demerits
• Low translucency
• Low surface energy
• Inadequate bonding to
veneer
• Requires chemical
treatment with sulfuric
acid
20-3-21
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Dr.Gali
69. Selective Laser Sintering for FPD
Merits
• Similar marginal fit
with casting
• Reduced technical
errors
• Reduces time and long
term cost
• Co-Cr alloys
Demerits
• Expensive Machine
• Training
20-3-21
Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
71. Contents
Background of Existing Materials in Fixed
Partial Dentures (FPD)
Connecting Problems with Recent Advances
in Materials in FPD
Emphasis on Connector Designs
Evidence Based Status of the Recent
Advances in Materials
20-3-21
Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
72. Problems of Connector Fractures
Connector Height
(h) & Width (w)
Radius of
Curvature (r)
r
h/w
h x w = Area of Connector Size (mm2)
r = Radius of curvature (Round or Sharp)
e = Embrasures
Embrasures (e)
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Dr.Gali
73. Problems of Connector Fractures
• Why connectors fracture?
• How to prevent connector fractures?
• What is the minimum dimensions of connectors for
all-ceramics to achieve esthetics and strength?
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Dr.Gali
74. Why Connectors Fracture?
• Insufficient connector dimensions
• Framework Grinding caused Damage
• Positioning of Connectors Outside the Arch
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Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
75. Pathogenesis of Connector
Fractures
• Origin of fracture at the
Gingival Embrasure
(Junction between the Core
and the Veneer)
• Connectors are the most
loaded parts with tensile
stresses
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Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
76. That Radius of Curvature.....
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Dr.Gali
77. That Radius of Curvature.....
Influence of radius of curvature at gingival embrasure in connector designs
J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent 2019;9:338-48
20-3-21
78. Preventing Connector Fractures
• A gingival embrasure
with a broader radius of
curvature reduces stress
concentration under
loading and improves
fracture resistance
Influence of radius of curvature at gingival embrasure in connector designs
J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent 2019;9:338-48
20-3-21
Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
79. Preventing Connector Fractures
Location & Indication Connector Cross Section
Anterior 2 or 3 unit bridges 7 mm2 or more
More than 4 unit
bridges
9 mm2 or more
Posterior 2 or 3 unit bridges 9 mm2 or more
More than 4 unit
bridges
9 mm2 or more
Between Two Pontics 12 mm2
Cantilever Bridge to One Pontic 12 mm2
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Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
80. The Future....
• Chair side milling of Dental Zirconia with
Rapid Sintering
• Nano-Zirconia with Better Translucency
• 3D printed Zirconia using Lithography based
Ceramic Manufacturing (LCM) Technology
https://www.aegisdentalnetwork.com/cced/special-issues/2018/10/zirconia-the-
material-its-evolution-and-composition
20-3-21
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Dr.Gali
83. Based on PICO
Problem (P)
Intervention (I)
Comparison (C)
Outcome (O)
What’s the Current Problem ?
What are the Innovations ?
Traditional/ Status Quo
What’s the Outcome?
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Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
84. Anatomy of a Forest Plot
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Dr.Gali
85. Anatomy of a Forest Plot
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Dr.Gali
86. Are Advances in Veneering
Techniques
(CAD-on/RLT technique)
better for
Bi-layered Zirconia?
20-3-21
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Dr.Gali
89. Clinical Implications...
• Fused veneering (CAD-on) appears to be an
appropriate alternative to Y-TZP bilayers
• Pressed veneers on Y-TZP had a failure load and
flexural strength values similar to those of the
hand-layered veneers.
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Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
90. Does Aging affect Translucency of
Zirconia?
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Dr.Gali
92. Clinical Implications..
• Meta-analysis on translucency showed no
significant difference in the TP value (Translucency
Parameter) between the non-aged and aged Y-TZP
(P = :73; mean difference ðMDÞ = 0:46; 95%
Confidence Interval (C.I) 2:12 to 3.05)
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Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
93. Which is the Effective Method of
Bonding Zirconia?
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Dr.Gali
96. Clinical Implications...
• The combination of mechanical and chemical
zirconia surface pre-treatments contributed to the
durability of the bond of composite cements to
zirconia ceramics.
• The cement choice appeared less critical, as long as
a composite cement was used for adhesive luting of
zirconia ceramics.
20-3-21
Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
97. Which fares Better?
Zirconia or Metal-Ceramic in
Ceramic Chipping
20-3-21
Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
100. No Evidence on Effectiveness of...X !
• Gradient Zirconia
• Zirconia reinforced lithium silicate ceramics
• PEEK as Fixed Partial Prosthesis
• Polymer Infiltrated Ceramic Network (PICN)
• No meta-analysis studies on comparing zirconia
with lithium glass-ceramics
• No meta-analysis on Connector fractures
20-3-21
Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali
101. Contents
Background of Existing Materials in Fixed Partial
Dentures (FPD)
Connecting Problems with Recent Advances in
Materials in FPD
Evidence Based Status of the Recent Advances
in Materials
Emphasis on Connector Designs
20-3-21
Mind Martians-Advances in Materials in FPD-
Dr.Gali