4. We will discuss today
Classification systems
And
Components of removable partial denture
5. Prime purpose :
To enable dentist to clearly communicate to a listener.
Helps to create order from the many number of
possible combinations of missing teeth and edentulous
spaces.
An aid in learning of the fundamentals of design
6. Need for classification:
To formulate a good treatment plan.
To anticipate the difficulties common to occur for that particular
design.
To communicate with a professional about a case.
To design the denture according to the occlusal load usually
expected for a particular group.
7. Requirements of a Classification:
Allow visualization of type of partially edentulous arches that
is being considered.
8. Requirements of a Classification:
Allow differentiation between
tooth supported and tooth-tissue supported RPDs
9. Requirements of a Classification:
Serve as a guide to the type of design to be used.
Be universally accepted.
10. Various classification systems:
Cummer
Kennedy’s
Applegate-Kennedy
Bailyn
Neurohr
Mauk
Friedman
Godfrey
Skinner
ACP classification (American College of Prosthodontics)
11. Craddock Classification:
Class 1: if the denture is supported by teeth.
Class 2: if the denture is supported by mucosa.
Class 3: if the denture is supported by both
the teeth and mucosa.
12. Cummer’s classification system Proposed By
CUMMER in 1920.
Cummer stated:
“ For working purposes all the cases may be made to
fall into 4 simple classes, which have as their basis the
choice of number and position of the direct retainer”.
13. Class I – DIAGONAL:
2 diagonally opposite teeth are chosen as abutment teeth for
the attachment of direct retainer.
Class II –DIAMETRIC:
2 diametrically opposite teeth are chosen as abutment teeth for
the attachment of the direct retainers
14. Class III –UNILATERAL:
one or more teeth on the same side are chosen as abutment
teeth for the attachment of the direct retainers.
15. Class IV –MULTILATERAL:
Three or more teeth are chosen as abutment teeth for the
attachment of the direct retainers.
The teeth are disposed in a triangular or quadrilateral
relationship
16. Most widely used method of classification
Proposed in 1923 by Dr. Edward Kennedy of New
York.
It is based on the relationship of the edentulous spaces
to the abutment teeth.
17. Class I:
Bilateral edentulous areas located posterior to the
remaining natural teeth.
Class II:
Unilateral edentulous area located posterior to the
remaining natural teeth.
18. Class III
Unilateral edentulous area with natural teeth both
anterior and posterior to it.
Class IV
Single, bilateral edentulous area located anterior to the
remaining natural teeth.
19. Applegate’s 8 Rules:
Rule 1:
Classification should follow rather than precede
extractions that might alter the original classification.
Rule 2:
If the third molar is missing and not to be replaced it is not
considered in the classification.
20. Rule 3:
If the third molar is present and is to be used as an
abutment, it is considered in the classification.
Rule 4:
If the second molar is missing not to be replaced that is the
opposing second molar is also missing and is not
considered in the classification.
21. Applegate’s 8 Rules:
Rule 5:
The most posterior edentulous area or areas always
determines the classification.
Rule 6:
Edentulous areas other than those determining the
classification are referred to as the modification spaces and
are designated by their number.
22. Applegate 8 Rules:
Rule 7:
The extent of the modification is not considered, only
the number of additional edentulous areas.
Rule 8:
There can be no modification areas in class IV arches.
Because any edentulous area lying posterior to the
single bilateral area determines the classification.
27. Definition:
“The quality inherent in the prosthesis to resist the
force of gravity, the adhesiveness of food and the
forces associated with the removal of prosthesis”
28. Definition:
The component that engages an abutment tooth and
in so doing resists dislodging forces applied to a
removable partial denture is called direct retainer.
29. The clasp is a retainer in which a flexible arm
engages an external surface of an abutment
tooth in an undercut area cervical to the
greatest convexity of the tooth (height of
contour)
30.
31. 1. RETENTIVE ARM
2. RECEPROCATING ARM
3. OCCLUSAL REST
4. MINOR CONNECTOR
32. 1. RETENTIVE ARM
The function of the retentive arm is to resist displacement on the
tooth, thus maintaining the prosthesis in its proper position.
Terminal third is flexible
Middle third has less flexibility
The third that joins the body has no flexibility
33. 2. RECIPROCAL ARM
It is placed on the tooth surface opposite the retentive arm.
Its function is to counterbalance any stress generated against the
tooth by the retentive arm.
It is rigid throughout its length.
It provides horizontal stability, support
and a limited amount of retention contact with tooth surface.
The bracing arm provides resistance to horizontal forces exerted on a
tooth by the retentive clasp terminal during seating and unseating of
the prosthesis (reciprocation).
34. Definition:
“The component of a
removable partial denture that
assists the direct retainer(s) in
preventing displacement of the
distal extension denture base
by functioning through lever
action on the side opposite of
the fulcrum line when the
denture base moves away from
the tissues in pure rotation
around the fulcrum line.”
35. FULCRUM LINES
•Definition:
Movement of the base AWAY from the ridge around an imaginary
line connecting the retentive clasp tips. (This is the axis relevant to
indirect retention.)
38. Definition:
◦ “The component of the partial denture that connects the
parts of the prosthesis located on one side of the arch with
those on the opposite side.”
◦ GPT-2001
39. 3. MINOR CONNECTOR
It joins the small components e.g. rests and clasps, to the
saddles or to the major connector.
They also contribute to the functions of bracing and
reciprocation as in the RPI system.
Other designated terms for it are truss arm, standard,
tail, tang, and upright.
40. Those which:
Join clasp to major connector
Join indirect retainers or auxiliary rest to major
Connector
Join denture base to major connector
Serve as approach arms for bar- type clasp
42. Unification and rigidity
Stress distribution
Bracing through contact
with guiding planes
Maintain path of insertion
43. 4. OCCLUSAL REST
It is positioned in a prepared recess on the tooth surface
and resist displacement of the clasp in a gingival
direction.
Contributes to resistance to horizontal movement.
55. TYPES:
DIRECT RETAINERS:
The component that engages an abutment
tooth and in so doing resists dislodging
forces applied to a removable partial denture
is called the direct retainer.
56. TYPES:
REST:
The components of a removable partial denture that serve
primarily to transfer forces occurring against the prosthesis
down the long axis of the abutment teeth are called rests
57. TYPES:
INDIRECT RETAINERS:
Which prevents the denture lifting across the
fulcrum line
59. 2-Intracoronal retainers (internal or precision
attachment):
It consists of two units
One is a female receptacle in a crown or inlay in the
abutment.
Second part is a male insert attached to the partial
denture.
The retention is derived by the frictional fit and wedging