The document provides an overview of environmental impact assessments (EIAs). It defines EIAs as decision-making tools used to predict and compare the environmental effects of proposed projects and activities. The document then outlines the history and evolution of EIAs in India, describes the different types (rapid vs. comprehensive), and explains the key stages of an EIA - from initial screening and scoping to impact analysis, mitigation planning, public hearings, and licensing. The goal of an EIA process is to balance environmental and developmental concerns by identifying impacts and following suitable mitigation measures to ensure sustainable development outcomes.
Environment Impact Assessment: Significance, Process And Problemsinventionjournals
India is the seventh largest country in the world by geographical area. The huge population burden also brings with it a whole spectrum of social issues that have environmental implications. Any developmental endeavour requires not only the analysis of the need of such a project, the monetary costs and benefits involved but most important, it requires a consideration and detailed assessment of the effect of a proposed development on the environment. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Studies are inevitably undertaken to evaluate potential negative impacts as well as to formulate Environmental Management Plans to overcome the identified impacts. This research review paper focus on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) significance, process and impact assessment problems. The environment impact assessment significance reveals that, EIA should be made with the purpose for determining the current status of the environment and identifying impact of critical activities on environmental parameters.The results also reveal that EIA process concentrate on problems, conflicts and natural resource constraints which might affect the viability of a developmental activities. It also predicts how the project could harm to people, their homeland and their livelihoods. The results also state that, improper screening and unable to address the right issues are major drawback of the impact assessment process, where everyone has to consider it for decision making process. Hence, The EIA is a proven management tool used extensively by governments and NGO’s for project planning and approval. The Government bodies should look into the EIA significance and provide guidelines and checklist for understating an EIA for all the activities which deteriorate the environmental quality in general, to be more specific the projects and location of mining, landfills etc.
Environment Impact Assessment: Significance, Process And Problemsinventionjournals
India is the seventh largest country in the world by geographical area. The huge population burden also brings with it a whole spectrum of social issues that have environmental implications. Any developmental endeavour requires not only the analysis of the need of such a project, the monetary costs and benefits involved but most important, it requires a consideration and detailed assessment of the effect of a proposed development on the environment. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Studies are inevitably undertaken to evaluate potential negative impacts as well as to formulate Environmental Management Plans to overcome the identified impacts. This research review paper focus on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) significance, process and impact assessment problems. The environment impact assessment significance reveals that, EIA should be made with the purpose for determining the current status of the environment and identifying impact of critical activities on environmental parameters.The results also reveal that EIA process concentrate on problems, conflicts and natural resource constraints which might affect the viability of a developmental activities. It also predicts how the project could harm to people, their homeland and their livelihoods. The results also state that, improper screening and unable to address the right issues are major drawback of the impact assessment process, where everyone has to consider it for decision making process. Hence, The EIA is a proven management tool used extensively by governments and NGO’s for project planning and approval. The Government bodies should look into the EIA significance and provide guidelines and checklist for understating an EIA for all the activities which deteriorate the environmental quality in general, to be more specific the projects and location of mining, landfills etc.
This is a ppt of Environmental Impact Assessment. This is help you to doing ppt on airport. You learn many thigs about airport. You learn about environment condition after and before condition, transportation system etc. You know about economy and finance.
Environmental impact assessment (EIA)
In India any person who desires to undertake any new project or the expansion or modernization of any existing industry or project should submit a Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment report along with application to the secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), New Delhi. Basic types of EIA being practiced are given below.
Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (REIA)
Comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment (CEIA)
Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA)
Sectoral Environment Impact Assessment
Regional Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Impact Assessment Notification in India
EIA is of comparatively recent origin in India and has become an integral part of Environmental Management by EIA notification of 1994 and its subsequent amendments by Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Govt. of India. The notification specifies 30 categories of projects with potential risks to degrade the Environment.
Purposes of EIA
EIA is a process with several important purposes, which can be categorized as follows:
To facilitate decision-making For the decision-maker, for example the local authority, it provides a systematic examination of the environmental implications of a proposed action, and sometimes alternatives, before a decision is taken
To aid in the formation of development EIA can be of great benefit to them, since it can provide a framework for considering location and design issues and environmental issues in parallel. It can be an aid to the formulation of developmental actions, indicating areas where the project can be modified to minimize or eliminate altogether the adverse impacts on the environment.
To be an instrument for sustainable development The key characteristics of sustainable development include maintaining the overall quality of life, maintaining continuing access to natural resources and avoiding lasting environmental damage.
Principle of EIA
The Benefits of Environmental Assessment
Categorization of projects and activities
Environmental Clearance (EC)
1) EIA – Definition, History and Objective.
2) Reasons for using EIA
3) Key elements of EIA
4) Benefits of an EIA
5) Major Environmental Issues
6) PROCEDURE FOR EIA
7) IMPACT OF A PROPOSED PAPER INDUSTRY
8) Impact Mitigation
9) Key components of Monitoring
10) Public Involvement in the EIA Steps
11) Hierarchy in EIA
12)Impact indicators
Environmental conservation is becoming increasingly important given the current scenario of booming industries in India. Businesses more than ever before, are expected to behave in a sustainable manner through improved environmental assessment and management. A sustainable business results in value creation for the company, its employees, customers, shareholders and the society as a whole. Therefore, before undertaking any project or major activity, it is important for you to undergo Environmental Impact Assessment.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is the formal process used to predict the environmental consequences (positive or negative) of a plan, policy, program, or project prior to the decision to move forward with the proposed action. Formal impact assessments may be governed by rules of administrative procedure regarding public participation and documentation of decision making, and may be subject to judicial review. An impact assessment may propose measures to adjust impacts to acceptable levels or to investigate new technological solutions (Encyclopedia, 2015).
The Inception and Evolution of EIA and Environmental Clearance Process – Layi...IJERA Editor
EIA which stands for environmental impact assessment is a domain which encompasses almost all areas of
environmental engineering. EIA and environmental clearance (EC) are two things which MoEF, Govt. Of India
has mandated for many categories of project before their commissioning. Buildings with built up area of more
than 20000 metre square and townships with area more than 50 Ha or 150000 square metre of built up area
comes under it. A thorough report is made for the possible outcomes of the project (i.e..it‟s impact on
surrounding environment). If the impact is within the limits as specified by MoEF and SEAC, it is sent for
approval otherwise client is suggested to take corrective steps. Scope of the topic trespasses the boundaries of
green house gas emissions and global warming, water and energy crises, carbon emission and sequestration,
environmental pollution of various kind. It was EIA that brought in an element on environment in all projects. It
lead to eco friendly and sustainable construction techniques which paved way for the concept of green building.
Today EIA and environmental clearance are the only protectors of environment from the greeds of corporate
sector across globe. If applied with stringency it will usher us to an era where any advancement will be
apsolutely in tune with nature.This technical paper deals with the birth and growth of EIA in the world and in
India. It deals with the processes that are involved in carrying out EIA for a project and subsequently providing
it with environmental clearance. Also it emphasizes on how EIA led to a general awareness and paved way for
the concept of sustainable construction.
It was taken into account before irrevocable development decisions are made. This paper attempts to review the developed framework for use into mining project proponents in the preparation of Environmental Impact Evaluation reports to meet the requirements of the Mines, Minerals Act and other statutory and legislative instruments dealing with the environment. It describe the significance of the environmental impact assessment EIA and its report or guidelines, as well as the procedures in stages on how project proponent interfaces with the federal ministry of environment and other entities in project management. It considers the environmental management plan EMP as compensatory measures for EIA and Mentioned also was the ability to identify key environmental impacts against project cycle for mining. The criteria and categories of mining projects according to environmental impact levels were discussed. Amosu Cyril Olumuyiwa "Environmental Impact Evaluation of Mining" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38456.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/petroleum-engineering/38456/environmental-impact-evaluation-of-mining/amosu-cyril-olumuyiwa
Why is an environmental impact assessment important.pdfJagriti Agarwal
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process that analyzed the potential environmental impacts of a proposed project or development. Environmental Impact Assessment includes assessing the impacts on air quality, water quality, soil quality, biodiversity, human health, and cultural heritage, among other things.
HOW PROJECT IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT OF AN ORGANIZATION AND STAK...Abraham Ncunge
An Educational presentation on Enviromental Assessment
A short introduction over what is EIA, its objectives, its process advantages and challeges Kenya and the world.
Enviromental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process which ensures that allenviromental mattersare taken into account in the early stages of the project that is at planning process.
All aspects of the project are taken into consideration e.g technical,economical and traditional aspects , impact on local people and biodiversity
EIA is an important tool to make sure the healthy of our environment. It helps us to sustain our environment healthy for long run as well as benifit for our human as much as possible
Environmental assessment is the assessment of the environmental consequences of a plan, policy, program, or actual projects prior to the decision to move forward with the proposed action.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
This is a ppt of Environmental Impact Assessment. This is help you to doing ppt on airport. You learn many thigs about airport. You learn about environment condition after and before condition, transportation system etc. You know about economy and finance.
Environmental impact assessment (EIA)
In India any person who desires to undertake any new project or the expansion or modernization of any existing industry or project should submit a Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment report along with application to the secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), New Delhi. Basic types of EIA being practiced are given below.
Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (REIA)
Comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment (CEIA)
Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA)
Sectoral Environment Impact Assessment
Regional Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Impact Assessment Notification in India
EIA is of comparatively recent origin in India and has become an integral part of Environmental Management by EIA notification of 1994 and its subsequent amendments by Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF), Govt. of India. The notification specifies 30 categories of projects with potential risks to degrade the Environment.
Purposes of EIA
EIA is a process with several important purposes, which can be categorized as follows:
To facilitate decision-making For the decision-maker, for example the local authority, it provides a systematic examination of the environmental implications of a proposed action, and sometimes alternatives, before a decision is taken
To aid in the formation of development EIA can be of great benefit to them, since it can provide a framework for considering location and design issues and environmental issues in parallel. It can be an aid to the formulation of developmental actions, indicating areas where the project can be modified to minimize or eliminate altogether the adverse impacts on the environment.
To be an instrument for sustainable development The key characteristics of sustainable development include maintaining the overall quality of life, maintaining continuing access to natural resources and avoiding lasting environmental damage.
Principle of EIA
The Benefits of Environmental Assessment
Categorization of projects and activities
Environmental Clearance (EC)
1) EIA – Definition, History and Objective.
2) Reasons for using EIA
3) Key elements of EIA
4) Benefits of an EIA
5) Major Environmental Issues
6) PROCEDURE FOR EIA
7) IMPACT OF A PROPOSED PAPER INDUSTRY
8) Impact Mitigation
9) Key components of Monitoring
10) Public Involvement in the EIA Steps
11) Hierarchy in EIA
12)Impact indicators
Environmental conservation is becoming increasingly important given the current scenario of booming industries in India. Businesses more than ever before, are expected to behave in a sustainable manner through improved environmental assessment and management. A sustainable business results in value creation for the company, its employees, customers, shareholders and the society as a whole. Therefore, before undertaking any project or major activity, it is important for you to undergo Environmental Impact Assessment.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is the formal process used to predict the environmental consequences (positive or negative) of a plan, policy, program, or project prior to the decision to move forward with the proposed action. Formal impact assessments may be governed by rules of administrative procedure regarding public participation and documentation of decision making, and may be subject to judicial review. An impact assessment may propose measures to adjust impacts to acceptable levels or to investigate new technological solutions (Encyclopedia, 2015).
The Inception and Evolution of EIA and Environmental Clearance Process – Layi...IJERA Editor
EIA which stands for environmental impact assessment is a domain which encompasses almost all areas of
environmental engineering. EIA and environmental clearance (EC) are two things which MoEF, Govt. Of India
has mandated for many categories of project before their commissioning. Buildings with built up area of more
than 20000 metre square and townships with area more than 50 Ha or 150000 square metre of built up area
comes under it. A thorough report is made for the possible outcomes of the project (i.e..it‟s impact on
surrounding environment). If the impact is within the limits as specified by MoEF and SEAC, it is sent for
approval otherwise client is suggested to take corrective steps. Scope of the topic trespasses the boundaries of
green house gas emissions and global warming, water and energy crises, carbon emission and sequestration,
environmental pollution of various kind. It was EIA that brought in an element on environment in all projects. It
lead to eco friendly and sustainable construction techniques which paved way for the concept of green building.
Today EIA and environmental clearance are the only protectors of environment from the greeds of corporate
sector across globe. If applied with stringency it will usher us to an era where any advancement will be
apsolutely in tune with nature.This technical paper deals with the birth and growth of EIA in the world and in
India. It deals with the processes that are involved in carrying out EIA for a project and subsequently providing
it with environmental clearance. Also it emphasizes on how EIA led to a general awareness and paved way for
the concept of sustainable construction.
It was taken into account before irrevocable development decisions are made. This paper attempts to review the developed framework for use into mining project proponents in the preparation of Environmental Impact Evaluation reports to meet the requirements of the Mines, Minerals Act and other statutory and legislative instruments dealing with the environment. It describe the significance of the environmental impact assessment EIA and its report or guidelines, as well as the procedures in stages on how project proponent interfaces with the federal ministry of environment and other entities in project management. It considers the environmental management plan EMP as compensatory measures for EIA and Mentioned also was the ability to identify key environmental impacts against project cycle for mining. The criteria and categories of mining projects according to environmental impact levels were discussed. Amosu Cyril Olumuyiwa "Environmental Impact Evaluation of Mining" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38456.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/petroleum-engineering/38456/environmental-impact-evaluation-of-mining/amosu-cyril-olumuyiwa
Why is an environmental impact assessment important.pdfJagriti Agarwal
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process that analyzed the potential environmental impacts of a proposed project or development. Environmental Impact Assessment includes assessing the impacts on air quality, water quality, soil quality, biodiversity, human health, and cultural heritage, among other things.
HOW PROJECT IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT OF AN ORGANIZATION AND STAK...Abraham Ncunge
An Educational presentation on Enviromental Assessment
A short introduction over what is EIA, its objectives, its process advantages and challeges Kenya and the world.
Enviromental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a process which ensures that allenviromental mattersare taken into account in the early stages of the project that is at planning process.
All aspects of the project are taken into consideration e.g technical,economical and traditional aspects , impact on local people and biodiversity
EIA is an important tool to make sure the healthy of our environment. It helps us to sustain our environment healthy for long run as well as benifit for our human as much as possible
Environmental assessment is the assessment of the environmental consequences of a plan, policy, program, or actual projects prior to the decision to move forward with the proposed action.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
3. WHAT IS EIA ?
A decision making tool
To predict the effect of a proposed
activity/project on the environment
To compare various alternatives for a project
To identify best combination of economic,
environmental and social costs and benefits
3
4. HISTORY OF EIA IN INDIA
In India, EIAs of development projects were first started in 1977-78 when the
Department of Science and Technology took up environmental appraisal of
river valley projects.
In 1994 when EIA was made mandatory in India under the Environmental
Protection Act of 1986. Establishment of EIA Authority under the MOEFCC.
public consultation have been made compulsory component of EIA by an
amendment dated April 10, 1997.
In September, 2006 new EIA Notifications was drafted.
4
5. TYPES OF EIA
RAPID
Quick assessment for predicting adverse impact.
Data collection for only one seasons.
COMPREHENSIVE
Applicable for large project.
Data collection through a year.
5
7. 7
EIA required
scoping
Impact analysis
Mitigation and management
EIA report
Review
Decision makings
Not approved Approved
Redesign
Resubmit
Implementation
and follow up
Public involvement
Public involvement
STAGES OF EIA
8. SCREENING
Screening is the process of identifying whether an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is
necessary or not.
As per MOEFCC some A category projects – mining of minerals with area >100ha, River valley
project, Thermal power plant with capacity >500MW, Nuclear power plant, oil and gas
extraction.
8
9. SCOPING
Consideration of issues and impacts for EIA can be defined as a scoping stage.
This stage is very wide and extensive because consultations, discussions,
experts opinions etc. are very important, useful and essential at this stage.
A process of interaction between governments agencies and project
proponent.
TOR are prepared here which include project description (i.e., type,
magnitude, location, alternative all are discussed.
9
Identify the
major issues
Establishing
priorities for
environmental
assessment
Developing a
strategy for
addressing
those issues
Evaluating the
significance
and issues
Distribute
information to
affected
interest
Assembling
relevant
information
Making a plan
for public
involvement
10. WHO CAN PARTICIPATE IN SCOPING STAGE
10
SCOPING
The proponent
The
competent
authority
The
administrative
body
Other
responsible
agencies EIA
practitioners
and experts
Key
stakeholder
The wider
community
11. BASELINE STUDY IN EIA
It means the collection of all relevant information on the current status of the
environment in terms of water, air, soil quality etc.
Collection of background information on the biophysical, social and economic
of proposed project area.
11
Impact of the project can change
over time so needs to be
measured over the lifetime of
the project, construction phase
to operations and even after
closure. Ex. Nuclear power
plants.
12. IMPACT PREDICTION
It involves forecasting the likely changes in the environment that will occur as
a result of the development.
Several techniques can be used in predicting the impacts.
Professional judgment with adequate reasoning and supporting data.
Experiments or tests.
Past experience.
Numerical calculations & mathematical models.
Physical or visual analysis.
Geographical information systems.
12
13. MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT
Mitigation process in EIA involves taking
necessary measures to reduce or remove
adverse environmental impacts.
13
COMPENSATION
MINIMISATION
Action during design ,
construction, operation to
eliminate impacts.
AVOIDANCE
Alternative site or technology to eliminate
impacts
14. MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT
Construction of Highways with roadside plantations to reduce noise pollution in
neighboring areas, limit the dust and increase the green cover which further
helps in maintaining the better air quality.
India’s First Animal Bridges In Delhi-Mumbai Expressway To Protect Animals From
Getting Hit
14
15. PUBLIC HEARING
15
Public hearing provides an opportunity to
the directly affected people to express
their concerns and brings transparency in
the environmental clearance system.
This provides a legal space for people of
an area to come face-to-face with the
project proponent and the government
and express their concerns.
16. Exemption from public hearing
Public Hearing is applicable for all Category ‘A’ and Category B1 projects,
except the following:-
modernization of irrigation projects.
all projects or activities located within industrial estates or parks
approved by the concerned authorities.
expansion of Roads and Highways which do not involve any further
acquisition of land.
All Building /Construction projects/Area Development projects and
Townships.
All projects or activities concerning national defense and security or
involving other strategic considerations as determined by the Central
Government.
16
17. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT(EIS)
Knowledge gap
Public involvement
List of references
Appendices including reference
documents, photographs and data
Terms of Reference
Consulting team composition
Notes from public consultation
sessions.
17
Executive summary
Policy, legal and administrative
framework
Description of proposed project
Significant environmental impacts
Identification and analysis of
alternatives
Mitigation plan
Monitoring program
An ideal content of EIS should have the following
18. REVIEW OF EIS
18
Assess the adequacy and quality of the report.
Consider public comments.
Determine if the information is sufficient for a
final decision to be made.
Identify any deficiencies that must be
addressed before the report can be submitted.
19. LICENSING
Licensing is the outcome
of the review process and
it is the final step.
19
EIS
Review
Permission
for project
with
changes in
activity
or/and
mitigation
Not
approved
Approved
20. CONCLUSION
An EIA process balances developmental and environmental aspects.
In absence of EIA process, many harm could be done to environment and
indigenous population. An EIA ensures right protection to society and
environment.
A proper implementation of EIA process, identifying impacts and following
suitable mitigation measures ensures sustainable growth and benefits to
community.
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21. REFERENCE
Published in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part-II, and Section 3, Sub-
section(ii)
MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, FOREST AND CLIMATE CHANGE.
Ogola (2007). Environmental Impact Assessment General Procedures. Lake
Naivasha: UNU-GTP and KenGen.
H. Naber. Environmental Impact Assessment. Washington, DC: World Bank,
2012.
J. Glasson, R. Therival and A. Chadwick. Introduction to Environmental
Impact Assessment. London: London UCL Press, 1994.
WB. (2006). Bangladesh: Country Environmental Analysis. Washington, DC:
World Bank.
Encyclopedia. (2015, August 9). Retrieved August 9, 2015, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_assessment
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