Renewable Energy Sources Guide
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Renewable energy comes from natural resources like sunlight, wind, rain, tides and geothermal heat. Sources of renewable energy include solar, wind, biomass, hydro and geothermal. Solar energy can be harvested through solar heating and cooling or solar panels. Wind energy is captured through wind turbines. Biomass energy comes from burning biomass directly or converting it into biofuels. Geothermal energy taps into the natural heat of the earth for electricity and heating. Renewable energy has benefits like being renewable and producing less emissions than fossil fuels, though it also has challenges around availability and costs.
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Renewable Energy Sources Guide
- 2. Renewable Energy Renewable energy - any sustainable energy whichcomes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, tides, rain, geothermal energy.Some aspects of Renewable energy It exists perpetually and is abundant. Ready to be harnessed, inexhaustible. Renewable energy is any energy source that is naturally replenished, like that derived from solar, wind, geothermal or hydroelectric action. Energy produced from the refining of biomass is also often classified as renewable. Coal, oil or natural gas, on the other hand, are finite sources
- 3. Renewable Energy Sources Renewable Energy Sources solar energy Solar heating (passive and active), solar power plants, photovoltaic cells Biomass energy Direct: combustion of biomass Indirect: chemical conversion to biofuel Wind energy Hydro energy Geothermal energy Power plants, direct use, heat pumps Ocean energy Tidal; salinity-driven
- 29. Types of Solar Electric System Fig.2.Block diagram of a basic stand alone PV system
- 32. Geothermal Energy They work by piping hot steam from underground reservoirs directly into turbines from geothermal reservoirs, which power the generators to provide electricity. After powering the turbines, the steam condenses into water and is piped back into the earth via the injection well. Most power plants—whether fueled by coal, gas, nuclear power, or geothermal energy—have one feature in common: they convert heat to electricity. Heat from the Earth, or geothermal — Geo (Earth) + thermal (heat) — energy is accessed by drilling water or steam wells in a process similar to drilling for oil. Geothermal power plants have much in common with traditional power-generating stations. They use many of the same components, including turbines, generators, transformers, and other standard power generating equipment. While there are three types of geothermal power plants, this animation shows a generic plant.
- 33. Types Dry steam plants are the most common types of geothermal power plants, accounting for about half of the installed geothermal plants. They work by piping hot steam from underground reservoirs directly into turbines from geothermal reservoirs, which power the generators to provide electricity. After powering the turbines, the steam condenses into water and is piped back into the earth via the injection well.
- 34. Flash steam plants differ from dry steam because they pump hot water, rather than steam, directly to the surface. These flash steam plants pump hot water at a high pressure from below the earth into a “flash tank” on the surface. The flash tank is at a much lower temperature, causing the fluid to quickly “flash” into steam. The steam produced powers the turbines. The steam is cooled and condenses into water, where it is pumped back into the ground through the injection well.
- 35. In these binary cycle plants, the main difference is that the water or steam from below the earth never comes in direct contact with the turbines. Instead, water from geothermal reservoirs is pumped through a heat exchanger where it heats a second liquid—like isobutene (which boils at a lower temperature than water.) This second liquid is heated into steam, which powers the turbines that drives a generator. The hot water from the earth is recycled into the earth through the injection well, and the second liquid is recycled through the turbine and back into the heat exchanger where it can be used again.
- 36. Geothermal Energy Advantages Renewable Easy to exploit in some cases CO2 production less than with fossil fuels High net energy yield Disadvantages Not available everywhere H2S pollution Produces some water pollution (somewhat similar to mining)
- 37. Biomass Energy What is it? Biomass energy is the use of living and recently dead biological material as an energy source Ultimately dependent on the capture of solar energy and conversion to a chemical (carbohydrate) fuel Theoretically it is a carbon neutral and renewable source of energy How it works? Traditional: forest management, using wood as fuel Use of biodegradable waste Examples: manure, crop residue, sewage, municipal solid waste Recent interest in agricultural production of energy crops Should be high yield and low maintenance Examples: corn, sugarcane, switchgrass, hemp, willow, palm oil, rapeseed, and many others Does not have to be a food crop Recent interest in bioengineered (GM) plants as fuel sources Production of a liquid or gaseous biofuel Biogas due to the breakdown of biomass in the absence of O2 Includes capture of landfill methane Bioethanol from fermentation, often from corn. Cellulosic bioethanol is usually from a grass (switchgrass) Biodiesel from rapeseed and other sources
- 38. Biomass Energy Carbon neutral CO2 ultimately released in energy generation is recently captured and so ideally does not change total atmospheric levels Carbon leaks can result in a net increase in CO2 levels Sequestration in soil can result in a net decrease in CO2 levels
- 40. Biomass Energy Advantages Versatile Renewable No net CO2 emissions (ideally) Emits less SO2 and NOx than fossil fuels Disadvantages Low energy density/yield In some cases (eg, corn-derived bioethanol) may yield no net energy Land conversion Biodiversity loss Possible decrease in agricultural food productivity Usual problems associated with intensive agriculture Nutrient pollution Soil depletion Soil erosion Other water pollution problems