The document discusses network and data security. It notes that there is a hacker attack every 39 seconds and over 300,000 new malware are created daily, posing significant threats. It then defines network security and data protection, and discusses various technical and organizational strategies that can help improve security, such as firewalls, antivirus software, access control, encryption protocols like WPA2, and employee training. The document emphasizes adopting a holistic, next-generation approach to endpoint security to effectively combat modern cyber threats.
Join CTO and Nonprofit Cybersecurity expert Matthew Eshleman as he walks through the third annual Community IT Nonprofit Cybersecurity Incident Report.
This report looks at the different types of attacks that occur at small and mid-sized nonprofit organizations. Is your nonprofit prepared?
Matt also shares advice on security improvements that provide protection against the most common attacks. Learn the role of leadership in placing a value on cybersecurity preparedness for your nonprofit and the long term planning that should accompany your immediate assessment of your security risk.
Matt touches on vendor hacks from 2020 including Blackbaud and SolarWinds and discusses steps your nonprofit should take to understand your risk level.
Learn about real cyberattacks on nonprofit organizations and how they responded to these attempted hacks. Matt gives you the tools you need to protect your organization and staff from cybercrimes.
Many of these tips you can put in place quickly and train your staff on immediately.
Download the full report or view here: https://communityit.com/2021-nonprofit-cybersecurity-incident-download/
Trying to prioritize and roadmap effective cyber security investment—people and technology—without fully understanding the cyber threat landscape is like driving 70 MPH in the dark with the lights off while wearing sunglasses. Learn what trends and cyber threats CenturyLink sees globally and get ideas on how to shine a light on your corporation’s technical environment.
Rick Burger, Senior Solutions Architect, CenturyLink; Louie Hollmeyer, Moderator, ATC
Cyber Security Awareness introduction. Why is Cyber Security important? What do I have to do to protect me from Cyber attacks? How to create a IT Security Awareness Plan ?
Help your employees become cyber security experts! This slideshow will present: Threats overview, password safety, web protection, email protection, and preventive measures.
Join CTO and Nonprofit Cybersecurity expert Matthew Eshleman as he walks through the third annual Community IT Nonprofit Cybersecurity Incident Report.
This report looks at the different types of attacks that occur at small and mid-sized nonprofit organizations. Is your nonprofit prepared?
Matt also shares advice on security improvements that provide protection against the most common attacks. Learn the role of leadership in placing a value on cybersecurity preparedness for your nonprofit and the long term planning that should accompany your immediate assessment of your security risk.
Matt touches on vendor hacks from 2020 including Blackbaud and SolarWinds and discusses steps your nonprofit should take to understand your risk level.
Learn about real cyberattacks on nonprofit organizations and how they responded to these attempted hacks. Matt gives you the tools you need to protect your organization and staff from cybercrimes.
Many of these tips you can put in place quickly and train your staff on immediately.
Download the full report or view here: https://communityit.com/2021-nonprofit-cybersecurity-incident-download/
Trying to prioritize and roadmap effective cyber security investment—people and technology—without fully understanding the cyber threat landscape is like driving 70 MPH in the dark with the lights off while wearing sunglasses. Learn what trends and cyber threats CenturyLink sees globally and get ideas on how to shine a light on your corporation’s technical environment.
Rick Burger, Senior Solutions Architect, CenturyLink; Louie Hollmeyer, Moderator, ATC
Cyber Security Awareness introduction. Why is Cyber Security important? What do I have to do to protect me from Cyber attacks? How to create a IT Security Awareness Plan ?
Help your employees become cyber security experts! This slideshow will present: Threats overview, password safety, web protection, email protection, and preventive measures.
Cyber Security 101: Training, awareness, strategies for small to medium sized...Stephen Cobb
I developed "Cyber Security 101: Training, awareness, strategies for small to medium sized business" for the second annual Small Business Summit on Security, Privacy, and Trust, co-hosted by ADP in New Jersey, October 2013.
Cybersecurity training seminars, courses, cybersecurity lawsBryan Len
Cybersecurity risk is expanding, driven by worldwide availability and utilization of cloud administrations to store sensitive data and individual data.
Gone are the times of straightforward firewalls and hostile to infection programming being an organization's sole safety efforts. The ascent of digitalization and other further developed innovative designs has made a huge difference.
Why cybersecurity training ?
Cybercrime throws a wide net. No business, office, association or individual is resistant. As indicated by the 2020 Official Annual Cybercrime Report by Cybersecurity Ventures, cybercrime will cost the world in overabundance of $6 trillion every year by 2021 – up from $3 trillion out of 2015.
Associations have seen security ruptures develop by 67% in the previous five years alone.
What's more, presently it's not simply cybercriminals associations need to stress over. Cybersecurity breaks have different outcomes.
Government guidelines command associations have cybersecurity controls set up to secure delicate information or face significant fines.
Top 4 Cybersecurity laws include:
Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards (PCI DDS)
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
HIPAA
GLBA
Learn considerably more and get the significant training your organization, association or office needs to help secure resources and information. Tonex offers almost three dozen courses in Cybersecurity Foundation.
This incorporates front line courses like:
Automotive Cybersecurity Training
Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Training
Network Security Training
Software Security Training
ICS Cybersecurity Training
Request more information. Join online courses. Improve your organizations cybersecurity. Visit tonex.com for course and workshop detail.
Cybersecurity training seminars, courses, cybersecurity laws
https://www.tonex.com/cybersecurity-training-seminars-cybersecurity-courses/
You are Doing IT Security Wrong - Understanding the Threat of Modern Cyber-at...Michael Noel
Organizations today are vastly unprepared for the threat of modern cyber-attacks. At the same time, the attackers are becoming more sophisticated and the amount of resources at their disposal is increasing. It has become a lucrative business to hack, disrupt, and steal intellectual property from organizations of all sizes and in all business sectors.
While the attackers are becoming more sophisticated, organizations have their IT security positioned for threats from the past century, with poor password management techniques, simple ACL based file permissions, and basic firewall and zone-based containment techniques. This makes it easier for attackers to obtain access to critical intellectual property and makes career-ruining disruptions all the more common.
This session focuses on understanding what is currently wrong with IT security practices and how your organization can change processes, techniques, and tools to provide for a significantly higher level of IT security without necessarily having to implement expensive tools or obtrusive processes.
• Understand the pitfalls of current IT Security practices, including myths around password change policies, allowing logins without providing multiple factors, and the proliferation of ‘always-on’ admin rights.
• Examine how simple changes in IT strategy can greatly improve your overall IT posture, including providing for up to a 99% improvement in the likelihood of a data credential theft.
• Determine which easy to deploy tools and features which you may already be licensed for can be used to tighten up IT security within an environment, including solutions such as Microsoft Defender for Identity, Azure Sentinel, Microsoft Cloud App Security, next-generation firewalls, and more.
2015 Cybercrime Trends – Things are Going to Get InterestingIBM Security
What a year 2014 has been for cybercriminals! It’s time to take a look back at 2014 and learn what’s in store for 2015. How much further will cybercriminals go? What new techniques will we see? What are the main threats we should be wary of in 2015?
From new malware families to PC grade mobile malware, from persistent PC Trojans to cloud based criminal services –cybercriminals have been keeping busy with new and advanced techniques.
In this session, IBM Security’s Senior Fraud Prevention Strategist, Etay Maor, will take you through the top stories that made waves in in 2014’s cybercrime threat environment and review at the upcoming cybercrime trends for 2015.
We will look some of the biggest (and baddest) in cybercrime innovation, showcasing specific attacks that highlight the ingenuity observed in 2014 and discuss what we can expect in terms of PC and mobile fraud in 2015.
In this presentation, you will learn about:
– Latest malware attacks and evasion techniques
– How organizations failed to prevent attacks in 2014
– Forecast of how recent attacks will affect attacks in 2015
View the full on-demand webcast: https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/recording/4171628843485100290
Information Security Awareness: at Work, at Home, and For Your Kids Nicholas Davis
This is the security awareness presentation which I will be giving to Quartz Health Solutions, on October 24, 2018. If focuses in on three areas: information security best practices for work, at home, and also contains some tips for kids. Topics include: PHI, ePHI, HIPAA, Identity Theft, Social Engineering, phishing, password management, malware, insider threats, social networks, and mobile devices.
Introduction to Cyber Security
Understanding the need for CYBERSECURITY
Major security problems
Virus.
Malware.
Trojan Horses
Password Cracking
Hacker.
Types of Hackers
Role of a White Hat Hacker
Feel free to edit or modify or use it
PPT Theme Source/Credit-Aliena · SlidesCarnival
This presentation was discussed in a Webinar with MetricStream in September 2016. It is applicable for small, medium and large businesses when considering information and cyber security risk.
Learn what cyber security means for your law firm, your employees, and your bottom line. This presentation will provide a snapshot of the IT Security threats facing law firms today, as well as the knowledge and tools you can use to prevent them.
HIPAA, Privacy, Security, and Good BusinessStephen Cobb
HIPAA's implications for privacy and security practices in American businesses, addressed in March of 2001 at the Employers' Summit on Health Care, by Stephen Cobb, CISSP. Uploaded in 2014 for the historical record.
Network security is a dynamic art, with dangers appearing as fast as black hats can exploit vulnerabilities. While there are basic “golden rules” which can make life difficult for the bad guys, it remains a challenge to keep networks secure. John Chambers, Executive Chairman of Cisco, famously said “there are two types of companies: those that have been hacked, and those who don’t know they have been hacked”. The question for most organizations isn’t if they’re going to be breached, but how quickly they can isolate and mitigate the threat. In this paper, we’ll examine best practices for effective cybersecurity – from both a proactive (access hardening) and reactive (threat isolation and mitigation) perspective. We’ll address how network automation can help minimize cyberattacks by closing vulnerability gaps and how it can improve incident response times in the event of a cyberthreat. Finally, we’ll lay a vision for continuous network security, to explore how machine-to-machine automation may deliver an auto-securing and self-healing network.
Go to www.esgjrconsultinginc.com
Toward Continuous Cybersecurity With Network AutomationKen Flott
Network security is a dynamic art, with dangers appearing as
fast as black hats can exploit vulnerabilities. While there are
basic “golden rules” which can make life difficult for the bad
guys, it remains a challenge to keep networks secure. John
Chambers, Executive Chairman of Cisco, famously said “there
are two types of companies: those that have been hacked, and
those who don’t know they have been hacked”. The question
for most organizations isn’t if they’re going to be breached, but
how quickly they can isolate and mitigate the threat.
In this paper, we’ll examine best practices for effective
cybersecurity – from both a proactive (access hardening)
and reactive (threat isolation and mitigation) perspective.
We’ll address how network automation can help minimize
cyberattacks by closing vulnerability gaps and how it can
improve incident response times in the event of a cyberthreat.
Finally, we’ll lay a vision for continuous network security, to
explore how machine-to-machine automation may deliver an
auto-securing and self-healing network.
Cyber Security 101: Training, awareness, strategies for small to medium sized...Stephen Cobb
I developed "Cyber Security 101: Training, awareness, strategies for small to medium sized business" for the second annual Small Business Summit on Security, Privacy, and Trust, co-hosted by ADP in New Jersey, October 2013.
Cybersecurity training seminars, courses, cybersecurity lawsBryan Len
Cybersecurity risk is expanding, driven by worldwide availability and utilization of cloud administrations to store sensitive data and individual data.
Gone are the times of straightforward firewalls and hostile to infection programming being an organization's sole safety efforts. The ascent of digitalization and other further developed innovative designs has made a huge difference.
Why cybersecurity training ?
Cybercrime throws a wide net. No business, office, association or individual is resistant. As indicated by the 2020 Official Annual Cybercrime Report by Cybersecurity Ventures, cybercrime will cost the world in overabundance of $6 trillion every year by 2021 – up from $3 trillion out of 2015.
Associations have seen security ruptures develop by 67% in the previous five years alone.
What's more, presently it's not simply cybercriminals associations need to stress over. Cybersecurity breaks have different outcomes.
Government guidelines command associations have cybersecurity controls set up to secure delicate information or face significant fines.
Top 4 Cybersecurity laws include:
Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards (PCI DDS)
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
HIPAA
GLBA
Learn considerably more and get the significant training your organization, association or office needs to help secure resources and information. Tonex offers almost three dozen courses in Cybersecurity Foundation.
This incorporates front line courses like:
Automotive Cybersecurity Training
Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Training
Network Security Training
Software Security Training
ICS Cybersecurity Training
Request more information. Join online courses. Improve your organizations cybersecurity. Visit tonex.com for course and workshop detail.
Cybersecurity training seminars, courses, cybersecurity laws
https://www.tonex.com/cybersecurity-training-seminars-cybersecurity-courses/
You are Doing IT Security Wrong - Understanding the Threat of Modern Cyber-at...Michael Noel
Organizations today are vastly unprepared for the threat of modern cyber-attacks. At the same time, the attackers are becoming more sophisticated and the amount of resources at their disposal is increasing. It has become a lucrative business to hack, disrupt, and steal intellectual property from organizations of all sizes and in all business sectors.
While the attackers are becoming more sophisticated, organizations have their IT security positioned for threats from the past century, with poor password management techniques, simple ACL based file permissions, and basic firewall and zone-based containment techniques. This makes it easier for attackers to obtain access to critical intellectual property and makes career-ruining disruptions all the more common.
This session focuses on understanding what is currently wrong with IT security practices and how your organization can change processes, techniques, and tools to provide for a significantly higher level of IT security without necessarily having to implement expensive tools or obtrusive processes.
• Understand the pitfalls of current IT Security practices, including myths around password change policies, allowing logins without providing multiple factors, and the proliferation of ‘always-on’ admin rights.
• Examine how simple changes in IT strategy can greatly improve your overall IT posture, including providing for up to a 99% improvement in the likelihood of a data credential theft.
• Determine which easy to deploy tools and features which you may already be licensed for can be used to tighten up IT security within an environment, including solutions such as Microsoft Defender for Identity, Azure Sentinel, Microsoft Cloud App Security, next-generation firewalls, and more.
2015 Cybercrime Trends – Things are Going to Get InterestingIBM Security
What a year 2014 has been for cybercriminals! It’s time to take a look back at 2014 and learn what’s in store for 2015. How much further will cybercriminals go? What new techniques will we see? What are the main threats we should be wary of in 2015?
From new malware families to PC grade mobile malware, from persistent PC Trojans to cloud based criminal services –cybercriminals have been keeping busy with new and advanced techniques.
In this session, IBM Security’s Senior Fraud Prevention Strategist, Etay Maor, will take you through the top stories that made waves in in 2014’s cybercrime threat environment and review at the upcoming cybercrime trends for 2015.
We will look some of the biggest (and baddest) in cybercrime innovation, showcasing specific attacks that highlight the ingenuity observed in 2014 and discuss what we can expect in terms of PC and mobile fraud in 2015.
In this presentation, you will learn about:
– Latest malware attacks and evasion techniques
– How organizations failed to prevent attacks in 2014
– Forecast of how recent attacks will affect attacks in 2015
View the full on-demand webcast: https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/recording/4171628843485100290
Information Security Awareness: at Work, at Home, and For Your Kids Nicholas Davis
This is the security awareness presentation which I will be giving to Quartz Health Solutions, on October 24, 2018. If focuses in on three areas: information security best practices for work, at home, and also contains some tips for kids. Topics include: PHI, ePHI, HIPAA, Identity Theft, Social Engineering, phishing, password management, malware, insider threats, social networks, and mobile devices.
Introduction to Cyber Security
Understanding the need for CYBERSECURITY
Major security problems
Virus.
Malware.
Trojan Horses
Password Cracking
Hacker.
Types of Hackers
Role of a White Hat Hacker
Feel free to edit or modify or use it
PPT Theme Source/Credit-Aliena · SlidesCarnival
This presentation was discussed in a Webinar with MetricStream in September 2016. It is applicable for small, medium and large businesses when considering information and cyber security risk.
Learn what cyber security means for your law firm, your employees, and your bottom line. This presentation will provide a snapshot of the IT Security threats facing law firms today, as well as the knowledge and tools you can use to prevent them.
HIPAA, Privacy, Security, and Good BusinessStephen Cobb
HIPAA's implications for privacy and security practices in American businesses, addressed in March of 2001 at the Employers' Summit on Health Care, by Stephen Cobb, CISSP. Uploaded in 2014 for the historical record.
Network security is a dynamic art, with dangers appearing as fast as black hats can exploit vulnerabilities. While there are basic “golden rules” which can make life difficult for the bad guys, it remains a challenge to keep networks secure. John Chambers, Executive Chairman of Cisco, famously said “there are two types of companies: those that have been hacked, and those who don’t know they have been hacked”. The question for most organizations isn’t if they’re going to be breached, but how quickly they can isolate and mitigate the threat. In this paper, we’ll examine best practices for effective cybersecurity – from both a proactive (access hardening) and reactive (threat isolation and mitigation) perspective. We’ll address how network automation can help minimize cyberattacks by closing vulnerability gaps and how it can improve incident response times in the event of a cyberthreat. Finally, we’ll lay a vision for continuous network security, to explore how machine-to-machine automation may deliver an auto-securing and self-healing network.
Go to www.esgjrconsultinginc.com
Toward Continuous Cybersecurity With Network AutomationKen Flott
Network security is a dynamic art, with dangers appearing as
fast as black hats can exploit vulnerabilities. While there are
basic “golden rules” which can make life difficult for the bad
guys, it remains a challenge to keep networks secure. John
Chambers, Executive Chairman of Cisco, famously said “there
are two types of companies: those that have been hacked, and
those who don’t know they have been hacked”. The question
for most organizations isn’t if they’re going to be breached, but
how quickly they can isolate and mitigate the threat.
In this paper, we’ll examine best practices for effective
cybersecurity – from both a proactive (access hardening)
and reactive (threat isolation and mitigation) perspective.
We’ll address how network automation can help minimize
cyberattacks by closing vulnerability gaps and how it can
improve incident response times in the event of a cyberthreat.
Finally, we’ll lay a vision for continuous network security, to
explore how machine-to-machine automation may deliver an
auto-securing and self-healing network.
3.8 Ways to Establish Secure Protocols in a Digital Organization.pdfBelayet Hossain
How to establish secure protocols in a digital organization? In recent years, massive cybercrimes have targeted businesses all around the world. Organizations are constantly subjected to security breaches, including data leaks, broken authentication, database hacking, malware infestations, and denial of service attacks on their networks, web applications, and servers.
https://itphobia.com/8-ways-to-establish-secure-protocols-in-a-digital-organization/
Why do you need a network security checklist? Your business faces threats on many fronts, and the more users, devices, and applications you add, the more vulnerable your network becomes. Whether your business is small or large, consider your network security requirements. Then follow our five-step network security checklist to create a holistic security solution to prevent breaches and address issues quickly.
Top Cyber Security Interview Questions and Answers 2022.pdfCareerera
Cyber security positions have considerably taken the top list in the job market. Candidates vying for elite positions in the field of cyber security certainly need a clear-cut and detailed guide to channeling their preparation for smooth career growth, beginning with getting a job. We have curated the top cyber security interview questions that will help candidates focus on the key areas. We have classified the regularly asked cyber security interview questions here, in this article into different levels starting from basic general questions to advanced technical ones.
Before we move on to the top cyber security interview questions, it is critical to reflect on the vitality of cyber security in our modern times and how cyber security professionals are catering to the needs of securing a safe cyber ecosystem.
The times we live in is defined by the digital transition, in which the internet, electronic devices, and computers have become an integral part of our daily life. Institutions that serve our daily needs, such as banks and hospitals, now rely on internet-connected equipment to give the best possible service. A portion of their data, such as financial and personal information, has become vulnerable to illegal access, posing serious risks. Intruders utilize this information to carry out immoral and criminal goals.
Cyber-attacks have jeopardized the computer system and its arrangements, which has now become a global concern. To safeguard data from security breaches, a comprehensive cyber security policy is needed now more than ever. The rising frequency of cyber-attacks has compelled corporations and organizations working with national security and sensitive data to implement stringent security procedures and restrictions.
Computers, mobile devices, servers, data, electronic systems, networks, and other systems connected to the internet must be protected from harmful attacks. Cybersecurity, which is a combination of the words "cyber" and "security," provides this protection. 'Cyber' imbibes the vast-ranging technology with systems, networks, programs, and data in the aforementioned procedure. The phrase "security" refers to the process of protecting data, networks, applications, and systems. In a nutshell,
cyber security is a combination of principles and approaches that assist prevent unwanted access to data, networks, programs, and devices by meeting the security needs of technological resources (computer-based) and online databases.
Cybersecurity Interview Questions and Answers.pdfJazmine Brown
Cyber security professionals are in high demand, and those willing to learn new skills to enter the area will have plenty of opportunities. Our goal is to present you with the most comprehensive selection of cybersecurity interview questions available.
Security and Ethical Challenges Contributors Kim Wanders.docxedgar6wallace88877
Security and Ethical Challenges
Contributors: Kim Wandersee, Les Pang
Computer Security
Computer Security Goals
Computer security must be viewed in a holistic manner and provide an end-to-end protection
as data moves through its lifecycle. Data originates from a user or sensor, passes over a
network to reach a computing system that hosts software. This computer system has software
and processes the data and stores in in a storage device. That data is backed up on a device
and finally archived. The elements that handle the data need to be secure. Computer security
pertains to all the means to protect the confidentiality, integrity, availability, authenticity,
utility, and possession of data throughout its lifecycle.
Confidentiality: A security principle that
works to ensure that data is not disclosed to
unauthorized persons.
Integrity: A security principle that makes sure
that information and systems are not
modified maliciously or accidentally.
Availability: A security principle that assures
reliable and timely access to data and
resources by authorized individuals.
Authenticity: A security principle that the
data, transactions, communications or
documents are genuine, valid, and not
fraudulent.
Utility: A security principle that addresses
that the information is usable for its intended
purpose. .
Possession: A security principle that works to
ensure that data remains under the control of
the authorized individuals.
Figure 1. Parkerian Hexad (PH) security model.
The Parerian Hexad (PH) model expands on the Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA)
triad that has been the basic model of Information Security for over 20 years. This framework is
used to list all aspects of security at a basic level. It provides a complete security framework to
provide the means for information owners to protect their information from any adversaries
and vulnerabilities. It adds Authenticity, Utility, and Possession to CIA triad security model. It
addresses security aspects for data throughout its lifecycle.
The Center for Internet Security has identified 20 controls necessary to protect an organization
from known cyber-attack. The first 5 controls will provide effective defense against the most
common cyber-attacks, approximately 85% of attacks. The 5 controls are:
1. Inventory of Authorized and Devices
2. Inventory of Authorized and Unauthorized Software
3. Secure Configurations for Hardware and Software
4. Continuous Vulnerability Assessment and Remediation
5. Controlled User of Administrative Privileges
A full explanation of all 20 controls is available at the Center for Internet Security website.
Search for CIS controls.
Security Standards and Regulations
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Computer Security Division, provides
security standards in its Federal Information Processing Standards (.
Security and Ethical Challenges Contributors Kim Wanders.docxfathwaitewalter
Security and Ethical Challenges
Contributors: Kim Wandersee, Les Pang
Computer Security
Computer Security Goals
Computer security must be viewed in a holistic manner and provide an end-to-end protection
as data moves through its lifecycle. Data originates from a user or sensor, passes over a
network to reach a computing system that hosts software. This computer system has software
and processes the data and stores in in a storage device. That data is backed up on a device
and finally archived. The elements that handle the data need to be secure. Computer security
pertains to all the means to protect the confidentiality, integrity, availability, authenticity,
utility, and possession of data throughout its lifecycle.
Confidentiality: A security principle that
works to ensure that data is not disclosed to
unauthorized persons.
Integrity: A security principle that makes sure
that information and systems are not
modified maliciously or accidentally.
Availability: A security principle that assures
reliable and timely access to data and
resources by authorized individuals.
Authenticity: A security principle that the
data, transactions, communications or
documents are genuine, valid, and not
fraudulent.
Utility: A security principle that addresses
that the information is usable for its intended
purpose. .
Possession: A security principle that works to
ensure that data remains under the control of
the authorized individuals.
Figure 1. Parkerian Hexad (PH) security model.
The Parerian Hexad (PH) model expands on the Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA)
triad that has been the basic model of Information Security for over 20 years. This framework is
used to list all aspects of security at a basic level. It provides a complete security framework to
provide the means for information owners to protect their information from any adversaries
and vulnerabilities. It adds Authenticity, Utility, and Possession to CIA triad security model. It
addresses security aspects for data throughout its lifecycle.
The Center for Internet Security has identified 20 controls necessary to protect an organization
from known cyber-attack. The first 5 controls will provide effective defense against the most
common cyber-attacks, approximately 85% of attacks. The 5 controls are:
1. Inventory of Authorized and Devices
2. Inventory of Authorized and Unauthorized Software
3. Secure Configurations for Hardware and Software
4. Continuous Vulnerability Assessment and Remediation
5. Controlled User of Administrative Privileges
A full explanation of all 20 controls is available at the Center for Internet Security website.
Search for CIS controls.
Security Standards and Regulations
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Computer Security Division, provides
security standards in its Federal Information Processing Standards ( ...
Cyber Security: A Hands on review on what is cyber security and how to prevent your devices from hacking and data breach. In today's era almost all devices are connected to internet are available for hackers to breach into and do their work. The data breach can be very dangerous and sometimes even more that it can demolish a company or a person.
In this presentation we will discuss about the ways and short description on Cyber Securty and Techniques.
Courtney Pachucki, IT Specialist at MePush, wrote this amazing Internet hygiene presentation for users on the Web to stay safe and avoid being hacked, phished, or infected with malware. This is a basic set of guidelines to help you identify your risks on the web.
SECURITY TOOLS AND PRACTICES THAT ARE MINIMISING THE SURGE IN SUPPLY CHAIN AT...VOROR
While your organisation may have a series of cybersecurity protocols already in place, a supply chain attack requires you to prepare for data compromises that occur through the vulnerabilities in your vendor’s security protocols.
As vendors exist in a vast user network, a single compromised vendor results in multiple corporations suffering a data breach. This makes threats to the supply chain one of the most effective forms of cyberattacks because they access multiple targets from a single entry point. Website : https://voror.io
A sneak peek into the top 5 network security solutions.docxNeilStark1
Nowadays, when the use of computers has become quite common in our daily lives, the security of computer networks, whether for personal use or professional use, has become crucial.
A sneak peek into the top 5 network security solutions.pdfNeilStark1
Nowadays, when the use of computers has become quite common in our daily lives, the security of computer networks, whether for personal use or professional use, has become crucial.
Security is not an area newly arisen in the wake of the 9/11 tragedy. There have always been reasons to be concerned:
conflicting priorities, business environmental factors, information sensitivity, lack of controls on the Internet, ethical lapses,
criminal activity, carelessness, and higher levels of connectivity and vulnerability. It’s a tradeoff between limiting danger
versus affecting productivity: 100 percent security equals 0 percent productivity, but 0 percent security doesn’t equal 100
percent productivity.
Similar to Network Security of Data Protection (20)
Here is some knowledge about Renewable Energy source, Wind Energy Plant, Biomass Energy Plant, Solar Energy Plant that will help to upgrade the knowledge
EEE 321( Power System Analysis and Principle of Power System and Power syste...UthsoNandy
Here is the knowledge of Power System Analysis and Principle of Power System that will help upgrade your knowledge upgrade yourself that will help to gather the knowledge and You can upgrade yourself by gathering the knowledge of Power system stability and control
EEE 453( Semiconductor Switch and Triggering Device) UthsoNandy
Here is the information about electronics devices( Semiconductor Switch and Triggering Device) and amplifiers and application that will help to upgrade yourself and your knowledge
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
2. 1. There is a Hacker Attack Every 39 Seconds. Security
Magazine
2. According to Mcafee, 300,000 New Malwares are
created everyday.
3. According to FBI report in 2019 Cybercriminals
earned about $3.5 Billion. bbc.com
4. 75 Records are stolen every second by Hackers.
Breach Level Index
5. 66% of Businesses attacked by hackers were not
confident of recovery. hostingtibunal.com
6. In 2019, 187.9Million ransomware attacks took place
worldwide. statista.com
7. According to selfkey.org about 16 Billion records
have been exposed through Data breaches
between 2019 and June 2020
8. According to data from Juniper Research,
the average cost of a data breach will exceed $150
million by 2020
2
WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?
3. DEFINITIONS
WHAT IS NETWORK SECURITY?
Network security consists of the policies and
practices adopted to prevent and monitor
unauthorized access, misuse, modification, or denial
of a computer network and network-accessible
resources.
Network security involves the authorization of
access to data in a network, which is controlled by
the network administrator. Users choose or are
assigned an ID and password or other
authenticating information that allows them access
to information and programs within their authority.
Network security covers a variety of computer
networks, both public and private, that are used in
everyday jobs: conducting transactions and
communications among businesses, government
agencies and individuals.
Networks can be private, such as within a company,
and others which might be open to public access.
Network security is involved in organizations,
enterprises, and other types of institutions
3
4. DEFINITIONS
WHAT IS DATA PROTECTION?
Data protection is the process of safeguarding
important information from corruption,
compromise or loss.
The importance of data protection increases
as the amount of data created and stored
continues to grow at unprecedented rates.
The context of data protection varies and the
methods and extent also vary for each; there
is data protection on the personal level,
business or public entities, and that of data so
highly classified that it should never fall into
the hands of others aside from its owners.
Consequently, a large part of a data protection
strategy is ensuring that data can be restored
quickly after any corruption or loss.
4
5. HOW CAN NETWORK SECURITY IMPROVE DATA SECURITY 5
CONVENTIONAL SOLUTIONS
Firewalls put up a barrier between your
trusted internal network and untrusted
outside networks, such as the Internet.
They use a set of defined rules to allow or
block traffic. A firewall can be hardware,
software, or both
Email gateways are the number one threat vector for a security
breach. Attackers use personal information and social engineering
tactics to build sophisticated phishing campaigns to deceive recipients
and send them to sites serving up malware. An email security
application blocks incoming attacks and controls outbound messages
to prevent the loss of sensitive data.
"Malware," short for "malicious software,"
includes viruses, worms, Trojans,
ransomware, and spyware. Sometimes
malware will infect a network but lie dormant
for days or even weeks. Good Anti-Malwares
not only scan for malware upon entry, but
also continuously track files afterward to find
anomalies, remove malware, and fix damage.
FIREWALLS EMAIL GATEWAYS
ANTI-VIRUS & ANIT-MALWARES
Cloud security is a broad set of technologies, policies, and
applications applied to defend online IP, services, applications,
and other imperative data. It helps you better manage your
security by shielding users against threats anywhere they
access the Internet and securing your data and applications in
the cloud.
CLOUD SECURITY
6. HOW CAN NETWORK SECURITY IMPROVE DATA SECURITY 6
CONVENTIONAL SOLUTIONS
Not every user should have access to your
network. To keep out potential attackers, you
need to recognize each user and each device.
Then you can enforce your security policies. You
can block noncompliant endpoint devices or give
them only limited access
Cybercriminals are increasingly targeting mobile devices and apps.
Within the next 3 years, 90 percent of IT organizations may
support corporate applications on personal mobile devices. Of
course, you need to control which devices can access your
network. You will also need to configure their connections to keep
network traffic private
A virtual private network encrypts the connection
from an endpoint to a network, often over the
Internet. Typically, a remote-access VPN uses
IPsec or Secure Sockets Layer to authenticate the
communication between device and network
ACCESS CONTROL MOBILE DEVICE SECURITY
VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK
Wireless networks are not as secure as wired ones. Without
stringent security measures, installing a wireless LAN can be
like putting Ethernet ports everywhere. To prevent an exploit
from taking hold, you need products specifically designed to
protect a wireless network
WIRELESS SECURITY
7. SECURITY FOCUS-1
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
Individuals make up every Organization. Therefore
their individual responses to security protocols will
collectively determine how secured or porous an
organizational network will be and consequently,
the security of Data.
Irrespective of the investment an organization make
in securing its Data, as long as employers and
employees do not recognize the need to
intentionally follow Security Protocols, it will be a
daunting task to win this Cyber War.
Therefore Network Administrators, Data Managers
and end user employees MUST engage in frequent
trainings, both in Data Security and Management
and to be individually responsible in looking out for
the Safety of the Organizations’ Data Base.
Remember, “HACKERS ARE HUNTERS WHO
OBSERVE THEIR PREYS DAILY BEHAVIOURS UNTIL
THEY FIND A WEAKNESS TO ATTACK”
7
8. SECURITY FOCUS-2
ETHICAL HACKING
Ethical Hacking is an authorized practice of
bypassing system security to identify potential
data breaches and threats in a network. .
Remember the Saying: “It takes a thief to Catch a
thief”?
Its time Organizations take serious, engaging the
services of Ethical Hackers. Ethical Hackers aim to
investigate the system or network for weak points
that malicious hackers can exploit or destroy.
They collect and analyse the information to
figure out ways to strengthen the security of the
system, network and applications. By doing
so, they can improve the security footprint so
that it can better withstand attacks or divert
them.
NOTE: Before engaging Ethical Hackers, the
Organization MUST go into a Non Disclosure
Agreement and any other Data Protection Policy
in order to safeguard their Data Privacy and
Integrity.
8
9. SECURITY FOCUS-3
BAN USE OF PIRATED SOFTWARE
Do you know that every Pirated Software Installed is
embedded with Malwares?.
Cybercriminals are increasingly using this medium
to infect computers, steal information, create
botnets and carry out other illegal activities. The
means through which people acquire pirated
software has changed over time, with downloads
from peer-to-peer networks such as BitTorrent
becoming increasingly popular. Therefore the
temptation to acquire them is high.
Organizations must therefore take the bold step in
getting rid of any sharp practices of using Pirated
Software for their businesses because it’s a case of
“Penny Wise Pound Foolish” The Cost of Data
breaches can in no way justify the Cost of Acquiring
counterfeit application programs.
One of the most effective way for users to stay safe is
to use genuine application programs, operating
system and anti-virus software, which are updated
and patched regularly.
9
10. SECURITY FOCUS-4
NEXT-GENERATION ALL-IN-ONE
ENDPOINT SOLUTIONS
A Next-Generation Anti-Virus, Endpoint Detection and Response and a 24/7
Managed Threat Hunting Service running on One Platform is the Future to
Combat Cyber Threats.
These Endpoint Solutions are built around behavioral-based proprietary
machine learning and Indicator-of-Attack (IOA) methodology, the
solution prevents attacks pre-execution and is particularly effective at
stopping new, polymorphic or obfuscated malware, which is often missed by
legacy Anti-Virus solutions.
These Endpoint Solutions are embedded with features that acts like a DVR
on the endpoint, recording activity to catch incidents that evaded
prevention measures. It ensures customers have comprehensive, real-time
visibility into everything that is happening on their endpoints from a security
perspective — eliminating the risk of “silent failure,” which allows intruders
to remain in your environment undetected.
Best of all, this technology can be fully deployed and operational in hours with
zero maintenance costs or end-user impact. Some of these Solutions takes up
just 40Mb disk storage and less than 3% CPU, with no rebooting or scanning
required
10
11. TECHNICAL ISSUES THAT CAN INTERFERE WITH
THE WIRELESS NETWORK’S PERFORMANCE.
I. It can be a problem if
several employees in
the building are using
wireless networks.
II. Wired networks can
also interfere with a
wireless signal. While
rare, the interference
can result in the loss
of communication
capabilities over the
wireless network.
Coverage
Interference
I. It can be slower if
the organization
has a large
wireless network.
II. To prevent this,
many companies
also use a wired
or fiber-optic
network as a
“backbone”.
I. It isn’t always as broad
as you might need,
especially if the building
has a reinforced steel
structure. This can
cause “black spots”.
II. These are areas where
a wireless signal is not
available
Transmission speeds
11
12. WEP was developed by the Wi-Fi
Alliance in the late 1990s. It was the
first encryption algorithm developed
for the 802.11 standard, and it had
one primary goal – to prevent
hackers from accessing any data that
was transmitted.
Unfortunately, by 2001,
cybersecurity experts had found
several flaws in the algorithm’s
security.
This led to cybersecurity experts
recommending that consumers and
organizations phase out WEP from
their devices.
In 2009, it became apparent that
WEP was not as effective as
developers had stated when the
massive cyberattack against TJ.
Maxx was launched. The data
breached comprised customers’
credit card accounts and cost the
retailer $9.75 million in legal
To authenticate users, WEP uses the
Rivest Cipher 4 (RC4). The original
model used a 40-bit encryption key,
though it has been upgraded to a
104-bit key that is manually entered
by the administrator. The key is used
with a 24-bit IV (Initialization
Vector) that helps to strengthen the
password/encryption.
The problem that often occurs is that
due to the IV’s small size,
administrators are likely to use the
same keys. This makes the
encryption easier to hack.
WEP might have been the original
algorithm for wireless networks, but
over time it has shown that it is
vulnerable to cyberattacks.
This is why other security protocols
have been developed since the issues
with WEP were discovered.
12
WIRED EQUIVALENT PRIVACY (WEP)
13. WI-FI PROTECTED ACCESS (WPA)
Once the flaws were discovered, and made public, in WEP the
process to create a new wireless protocol was started.
It takes time to write a replacement. To ensure that wireless
network users still had protection, the Wi-Fi Alliance released
WPA as a temporary replacement in 2003.
This gave the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers Inc. (IEEE) time to create a viable replacement for
WEP.
Even though WPA is considered an interim security
algorithm, it is an improvement over WEP. It has discrete
modes for personal and business use for improved security.
In personal mode, preshared keys are used to make it easier
to implement and manage the network among employees and
consumers.
Business or enterprise mode requires an administrator to
authenticate a device before it can access the network.
This allows larger companies to have more control over who
has access to the data.
WPA is based on the RC4 cipher like its predecessor WEP,
only it uses TKIP (temporal key integrity protocol) to boost
wireless security. This includes,
Using 256-bit keys to reduce keys being reused Generating a
unique key for a packet by key mixing per packet
Automatically broadcasting updated keys and usage Integrity
checks of the system IV size increased to 48 bits
Since WPA was designed to be compatible with WEP, IT
professionals found that they could easily update to the
interim security protocol for their wireless network. All they
needed was a simple firmware update. While switching
protocols was simple this also created potential security risks
since it was not as comprehensive as developers and users
hoped it would be.
13
14. WI-FI PROTECTED ACCESS 2 (WPA2)
The replacement for the interim WPA, the IEEE released
WPA2 in 2004. There are still some security
vulnerabilities with WPA2, but it is still considered one
of the most secure wireless network protocols available
for personal and business use.
While like WPA, it also offers users personal and
enterprise/business modes. WPA2 also has several
security improvements.
These include replacing TKIP and the RC4 cipher with
stronger authentication and encryption mechanisms –
CCMP (Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication
Code Protocol) and AES (Advanced Encryption
Standard).
If your device cannot support CCMP, the security
algorithm is still compatible with TKIP. This helps to
ensure that WPA2 is compatible with all devices and
wireless networks.
AES was originally developed by the United States
government to protect classified data from foreign and
domestic hackers. It uses three symmetric block ciphers
with each one encrypting and decrypting incoming and
outgoing data using 128, 192, and 256-bit keys.
This security protocol for wireless networks does use
CCMP prevents everyone except for authorized users to
receive data by using cipher block chaining. This helps
to ensure the integrity of the message.
WPA2 also allows for more seamless roaming from one
access point to another without having to reauthenticate
user access. This can improve productivity and client
relations. Data can be transferred seamlessly, without
having to take extra authentication steps.
After reviewing the three security protocols for wireless
networks, WPA2 is a welcome replacement for WEP and
the temporary algorithm WPA. Knowing which protocol
provides the best wireless security is helpful, but so is
knowing exactly how it works. If you know how threats
are being blocked, you’ll be better equipped at
recognizing any issues that might get through
14
15. HOW SECURITY PROTOCOLS FOR WI-FI WORK
When WPA2 was created to replace WEP and WAP, it was thought that this security protocol was
almost impossible for hackers to crack.
With its larger IV size to prevent key reuse and other improvements, companies and individuals
began to believe that their wireless networks were safe.
In 2017, this changed when a vulnerability in the protocol was discovered. Hackers could take
advantage of a system weakness by posing as an access point.
This would allow them to access the data and this breach is known as a Key Reinstallation
Attack (KRACK). This vulnerability did cause concern with wireless network uses, and patches
were created to prevent data from being stolen.
The only problem with this remedy is that not everyone may have gotten the patches installed in
time or even be aware that their wireless network might be at risk.
This particularly applies to public wi-fi hotspots and companies with older networks. To
understand how wireless security protocols can be vulnerable, it’s helpful to know how
encryption codes work.
15
16. UNDERSTANDING ENCRYPTION
WEP:
I. As previously mentioned, WEP has the weakest security since it uses radio waves to transmit messages.
II. This already makes it easy for hackers to steal the information as it travels.
III. It will still be encrypted when it reaches an unauthorized party, but WEP uses the same encryption key for all messages
making it easy for hackers to crack.
IV. There is software available that can crack WEP encryption in minutes.
WPA:
I. This interim security protocol uses TKIP (temporal key integrity protocol) for wireless protection.
II. It is an improvement over WEP since it resolved two problems associated with the old protocol. The key length is
increased and a unique 48-bit number is assigned to each message.
III. This makes it more difficult for hackers to break the encryption code.
IV. While TKIP did fix some of the security issues with WEP, it was still vulnerable since it was only created to be a
temporary patch.
WPA2:
I. The replacement for WEP and WPA, this security protocol is compatible with TKIP and the stronger AES encryption.
II. Older computer systems might not be compatible with AES, so TKIP can be back-ended for encryption.
III. The main security issue with TKIP is that any authorized computer can access messages. 16
18. 18
3. Findings and Conclusion
Need to develop a human induced sinkhole risk index (SRI).
Use of a WSN system to find a method more reliable, energy efficient, and time-saving.
Application of previous WSN method for underground pipeline monitoring for sinkhole monitoring,
detection, and prevention.
Pipeline property measuring sensors must replace soil property measuring sensors: water content, soil
bearing capacity, and pH.
Sewer pipelines need more concentration to prevent sinkhole.
A lot of water distribution system management methods actual field implementation is less than
consideration.
So to find out the real field implementation, water providing agencies, and research institutes must
collaborate to overcome this gap.
The findings from each analysis and literature review show that previous researchers have not
contributed considerably to overcome the issue of the sinkhole caused by the fault in the underground
water distribution system.
19. 19
Steps
Instructions
Concept/Main
Purpose[Abstract/Introduction]
Problem[technological
significance or any problem
solved→ look in the Introduction
part of this paper]
Solutions[Experiment/Methodology+
Discussion]
Discussion[Conclusion]
o C1;P2;L3;S4
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