More about Matter...

1. The Properties of MatterThe Properties of Matter
What is matter?What is matter?

2. MatterMatter
Everything is made of MATTER!Everything is made of MATTER!
Matter is anything that has volume andMatter is anything that has volume and
mass.mass.
Volume is the amount of space an objectVolume is the amount of space an object
takes up, or occupies.takes up, or occupies.

3. Measuring the volume of liquidsMeasuring the volume of liquids
 Liquids have volume. We measure that volume with aLiquids have volume. We measure that volume with a
graduated cylinder.graduated cylinder.
 Notice the meniscus in the graduated cylinder.Notice the meniscus in the graduated cylinder.
 Always measure at the bottom of the meniscus!Always measure at the bottom of the meniscus!
 A liquid in any container has a meniscus.A liquid in any container has a meniscus.
 Liters (L) and mL (milliliters) are most often used toLiters (L) and mL (milliliters) are most often used to
express the volume of liquids.express the volume of liquids.

4. Solid VolumeSolid Volume
 The volume in a solid isThe volume in a solid is
always expressed inalways expressed in
cubic units.cubic units.
 Cubic means havingCubic means having
“three dimensions.”“three dimensions.”
 Cubic meters(mCubic meters(m33
) or cubic) or cubic
centimeters(cmcentimeters(cm33
) are) are
most often used tomost often used to
express the volume of aexpress the volume of a
solid.solid.
 The 3 in mThe 3 in m33
signifies thatsignifies that
three quantities werethree quantities were
used to get the finalused to get the final
result. (That is a derivedresult. (That is a derived
quantity!)quantity!)
 If each side in the cube belowIf each side in the cube below
is 2m, what is the volume ofis 2m, what is the volume of
the cube?the cube?
____________________

5. The Volume ofThe Volume of
Solids, Liquids, and GasesSolids, Liquids, and Gases
 1 mL = 1 cm1 mL = 1 cm33
REMEMBER THAT!REMEMBER THAT!
 That is why you can compare the volume inThat is why you can compare the volume in
liquids to solids.liquids to solids.
 How do you measure the volume of a gas?How do you measure the volume of a gas?
 You can’t see, so how do you measure it?You can’t see, so how do you measure it?
ex: balloonex: balloon
_____________________`_________________________`____

6. Matter and MassMatter and Mass
 What is mass?What is mass?
 Mass is the amount ofMass is the amount of
matter that something ismatter that something is
made of.made of.
 Even atoms have mass!Even atoms have mass!
 Looking at the picture…Looking at the picture…
 The mass stays constant inThe mass stays constant in
certain forms of matter suchcertain forms of matter such
as…__________________.as…__________________.
 The mass changes inThe mass changes in
certain forms of matter suchcertain forms of matter such
as…_________________.as…_________________.

7. What is the difference between massWhat is the difference between mass
and weight?and weight?
 This is an important concept to understand!This is an important concept to understand!
 Let’s start by understanding gravity.Let’s start by understanding gravity.
 Gravity is the force of attraction between objectsGravity is the force of attraction between objects
that is due to their masses.that is due to their masses.
 All matter experiences gravity!All matter experiences gravity!
 The amount of attraction between two objectsThe amount of attraction between two objects
depends on their weight.depends on their weight.
 There is attraction between all objects withThere is attraction between all objects with
mass, but since they are so small in reference tomass, but since they are so small in reference to
the earth, the attraction between them is alsothe earth, the attraction between them is also
small.small.

8. So, what about weight?So, what about weight?
 Weight is the measure of the gravitational force exertedWeight is the measure of the gravitational force exerted
on an object!on an object!
 Look at Spot and the rock…which one is attracted to theLook at Spot and the rock…which one is attracted to the
earth more through gravitational force?earth more through gravitational force?
________________________________
 Which one weighs more? ___________Which one weighs more? ___________
 So, this means the greater the gravitational force, theSo, this means the greater the gravitational force, the
greater the weight.greater the weight.
 Which weighsWhich weighs
more? ------->more? ------->

9. Measuring Weight and MassMeasuring Weight and Mass
The SI unit for mass is kilogram (kg).The SI unit for mass is kilogram (kg).
Sometimes we will use milligrams orSometimes we will use milligrams or
grams. (mg or g)grams. (mg or g)
The SI unit for weight (or gravitationalThe SI unit for weight (or gravitational
force) is NEWTONS.force) is NEWTONS.
A Newton is approximately equal to theA Newton is approximately equal to the
weight of a 100 gram mass on earth.weight of a 100 gram mass on earth.

10. The major differences betweenThe major differences between
 MASSMASS
 A measure of the amountA measure of the amount
of matter in object.of matter in object.
 Always constant, noAlways constant, no
matter the location.matter the location.
 Measured with a balance.Measured with a balance.
 Expressed in kilograms,Expressed in kilograms,
grams, and milligrams.grams, and milligrams.
 WEIGHTWEIGHT
 A measure of theA measure of the
gravitational force on angravitational force on an
object.object.
 Varies depending onVaries depending on
where the object is inwhere the object is in
relation to the earth.relation to the earth.
Example: ____________Example: ____________
 Measured with a springMeasured with a spring
scale.scale.
 Expressed in Newtons.Expressed in Newtons.

11. Mass is a measure of InertiaMass is a measure of Inertia
 What in the world is inertia?What in the world is inertia?
 Ever try to move a car? Yeah, it is difficult!Ever try to move a car? Yeah, it is difficult!
 That is because of inertia!That is because of inertia!
 Inertia is the tendency of all object to resist a change inInertia is the tendency of all object to resist a change in
motion.motion.
 This will cause objects that are still to remain still, andThis will cause objects that are still to remain still, and
allow objects that are moving to continue moving.allow objects that are moving to continue moving.
 Mass is a measure of inertia because the greater theMass is a measure of inertia because the greater the
mass of an object…the more difficult it is to move.mass of an object…the more difficult it is to move.

12. Describing MatterDescribing Matter
• Knowing the characteristics or propertiesKnowing the characteristics or properties
of an object can help you identify theof an object can help you identify the
object.object.
• There are:There are:
• Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties
• Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties

13. Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties
 Things that describe the object are physicalThings that describe the object are physical
properties.properties.
 Physical properties can also be observed orPhysical properties can also be observed or
measured without changing the identity of themeasured without changing the identity of the
matter.matter.
 Examples of physical properties include: color,Examples of physical properties include: color,
odor, size, state, density, solubility, meltingodor, size, state, density, solubility, melting
point, etc…point, etc…

14. Spotlight on DensitySpotlight on Density
Density is a very helpful physical property.Density is a very helpful physical property.
Density = mass per unit of volume orDensity = mass per unit of volume or
Density = mass/volumeDensity = mass/volume
Density is an excellent help in identifyingDensity is an excellent help in identifying
substances because each substance hassubstances because each substance has
its own density.its own density.

15. If Density = mass/volumeIf Density = mass/volume
Then mass = volume x densityThen mass = volume x density
oror
m = v x dm = v x d
• AND volume = mass/densityAND volume = mass/density
oror
volume =volume = mm
VV

16. Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties
 Chemical properties describe a substance based on itsChemical properties describe a substance based on its
ability to change into a new substance with differentability to change into a new substance with different
properties.properties.
 Ex: wood burns to form ash and smokeEx: wood burns to form ash and smoke
 Chemical properties cannot be observed with yourChemical properties cannot be observed with your
senses.senses.
 Chemical properties aren’t as easy to observe asChemical properties aren’t as easy to observe as
physical properties.physical properties.
 Examples of chemical properties: flammability andExamples of chemical properties: flammability and
reactivityreactivity

17. Characteristic PropertiesCharacteristic Properties
 The properties that are most useful in identifyingThe properties that are most useful in identifying
a substance are its characteristic properties.a substance are its characteristic properties.
 Remember the difference between physical andRemember the difference between physical and
chemical properties.chemical properties.
 Physical properties can be observed! (with yourPhysical properties can be observed! (with your
eyes!) IDENTITY OF SUBSTANCE DOES NOTeyes!) IDENTITY OF SUBSTANCE DOES NOT
CHANGE!CHANGE!
 You can observe chemical properties only inYou can observe chemical properties only in
situations in which the identity of the substancesituations in which the identity of the substance
could change.could change.

18. Physical ChangesPhysical Changes
 A physical change is a change that affects one or moreA physical change is a change that affects one or more
physical properties of a substance.physical properties of a substance.
 Physical changes do not form new substances! EX: icePhysical changes do not form new substances! EX: ice
melting or sugar dissolvingmelting or sugar dissolving
 Physical changes are easy to undo.Physical changes are easy to undo.

19. Chemical ChangesChemical Changes
 A chemical change occurs when one or moreA chemical change occurs when one or more
substances are changed into entirely new substancessubstances are changed into entirely new substances
with different properties.with different properties.
 You can observe chemical properties only when aYou can observe chemical properties only when a
chemical change might occur!chemical change might occur!
 Examples of chem. changes:Examples of chem. changes:
baking a cakebaking a cake
rustingrusting

20. Clues to chemical changesClues to chemical changes
Color changeColor change
Fizzing or bubbling (gas production)Fizzing or bubbling (gas production)
HeatHeat
Production of light, sound, or odor.Production of light, sound, or odor.
Chemical changes are not usuallyChemical changes are not usually
reversible!reversible!