short lesson in General Chemistry

2. explain the Kinetic Molecular Theory;
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
use the Kinetic Molecular Model to explain the properties
of liquids and solids.
identify the properties of liquids and solids; and

3. ACTIVITY 2:
What's the Matter?

4. Based on the pictures to be shown,
identify what state of matter is being
represented. Give a brief description
based on the arrangement of their
particles and give three examples for
each state.
DIRECTIONS:

8. STATES OF MATTER

9. SOLID
has definite shape and volume
has particles that are packed
closely together and usually
arranged in a regular pattern

10. cup shirt book eraser

11. LIQUID
has definite volume, but has no
fixed shape
has particles that can move and
are in close contact

12. maple syrup shampoo orange juice
olive oil

13. GAS
has no definite volume and
shape
has particles that are widely
separated

14. helium in a
balloon
steam from
a kettle
nitrogen in a
tank
argon in a
tank

15. What is Kinetic Molecular
Theory?

16. The kinetic molecular theory is based
on the idea that matter is composed of
tiny particles that are always in
motion. The theory helps explain
the observable properties and
behaviors of solids, liquids, and
gases.

17. It helps to explain why matter
exists in different phases (solid,
liquid, and gas) and how matter
can change from one phase to
another.

19. The state of a substance depends
on the balance between the
kinetic energy of the individual
particles (molecules or atoms) and
the intermolecular forces.

20. The kinetic energy keeps the
molecules apart and moving around,
and is a function of the
temperature of the substance.
The intermolecular forces are
attractive forces that try to draw
the particles together.

21. Postulates
of
Kinetic Molecular Theory

22. 1. Matter is made of particles
that are constantly in motion.
This energy in motion is called
kinetic energy.

23. 2. The amount of kinetic
energy in a substance is
related to its temperature.

24. 3. There is space between
particles. The amount of space
between particles is related to
the substance's state of matter.

25. 4. Phase changes happen
when the temperature of the
substance changes
sufficiently.

26. 5. There are attractive forces in
between particles or molecules
called intermolecular forces. The
strength of these forces increases as
particles get closer together

27. Kinetic Molecular Theory
in Relation to Liquids and Solids

29. The principal difference between
the condensed states (liquids and
solids) and the gaseous state
is the distance between
molecules.

30. In a liquid, the molecules are so close
together that there is very little
empty space between particles. Thus,
liquids are much more difficult to
compress than gases, and they are
also much denser under normal
conditions.

31. Molecules in a liquid are held together
by one or more types of attractive
forces. A liquid also has a definite
volume, because molecules in a liquid do
not break away from the attractive
forces. The molecules can, however,
move past one another freely.

32. In a solid, molecules are held rigidly in
position with virtually no freedom of
movement, so they only vibrate only about
fixed positions. There is even lesser empty
space between particles in a solid than in a
liquid because their particles are tightly
packed.

33. Thus, solids are almost
incompressible and possess definite
shape and volume. This is due to
the stronger intermolecular force of
attraction compared to liquids.