This document discusses the properties of matter. It defines matter as anything that takes up space and has mass. Matter is made up of tiny particles too small to see. The three states of matter - solids, liquids, and gases - are described. Solids have a definite shape and volume, with particles packed closely together. Liquids have a definite volume that takes the shape of their container, with particles spread out but still touching. Gases have no definite volume, spreading to fill their container, with particles spread far apart and moving freely. Methods for measuring the volume of solids, liquids, and irregular shapes are provided.

1. Chapter 2
The Properties of Matter
Section 1: Matter
pp. 38-43

2. Properties of all objects:
 They take up space
 They have mass
 Mass is how much there is of an
object. It is related to how much
something weighs, but mass and
weight are two different things.

3. Objects that take up space
and have mass are called
matter.
All matter is made up of
lots of tiny particles that
are too small to be seen by
the eye.

4. So, what are some
examples of matter?
 People
 Trees
 Computers
 Air
 Water
 Houses
 Cars
 Paper
 Pencils
 EVERYTHING

5. Physical Properties
 Physical properties refer to the
characteristics of an object that can
be seen without changing how that
object looks.
 Some examples of physical
properties are:
 Shape
 Volume
 Movement of particles
 Spacing of particles

6. Physical Properties
 When we describe matter, we use the
physical properties to talk about the
states of matter.
 For example, if I was describing a
solid I would say that ALL solids have
a definite shape and a definite
volume.
 Notice I didn’t say that they are hard. I didn’t
say that because not ALL solids are hard.
Think about your hair. Is it hard?

8. Solids
 Ways to describe solids:
 ALL solids have a definite shape
 ALL solids have a definite volume
 The particles in ALL solids are packed
closely together
 The particles in ALL solids vibrate in
place.

9. Finding Volume of a Solid
 There are two ways to find the
volume of a solid. You must
determine the type of the solid
before you can find the volume.
 The two types of solids are
rectangular solids and irregular
solids.

10. Volume of Rectangular Solids
 An example of a rectangular solid
would be a book. A book has a length,
width, and volume.
 To calculate the volume of a book, you
would first measure the length, width,
and height. Then, you multiply those
values together.
Length x Width x Height = Volume

11. Volume of an Irregular Solid
 To find the volume of an irregular solid,
you will need to use water displacement
with a graduated cylinder.
 Water displacement means that you
would put water in the graduated
cylinder. Then, drop the solid into the
cylinder. Then however much the water
rose would be the volume of the solid.
 Volume of irregular solid =
new water level – original water level.

12. Liquids
 Ways to describe liquids:
 ALL liquids have a definite volume
 ALL liquids take the shape of the
container they are placed in.
 The particles in liquids are relatively
spread out.
 The particles move apart from each
other and flow from place to place

14. Finding Volume of a Liquid
 To find the volume of a liquid, scientists
use a tool called a graduated cylinder.
 A graduated cylinder is similar to a
measuring cup in that it shows
measurements in increments on the
outside of the container.

15. Gases
 Ways to describe gases:
 ALL gases have no definite volume.
 ALL gases take the shape of their
container, filling all of the available
space.
 The particles in a gas are spread out
in the available space.
 The particles move easily through the
available space.