Design standards provide uniformity and consistency in engineering design. They establish procedures, dimensions, materials and other criteria to reduce variations and promote compatibility. There are several benefits to using standards in design including cost reduction through procurement savings and raw material standardization, quality improvement, production flexibility, and manufacturing responsiveness. Standards are developed by various organizations and cover different aspects of design such as performance, test methods, and codes of practice. Their use leads to lower costs, easier availability of parts, less design work, and mass production of standardized components.

1. STANDARDS IN DESIGN
Seminar topic
by
A. Sabiha khathun (16481D1501)
M. Tech (Machine Design)
Subject : product design
Dr . A.Jawahar babu (Professor & HOD)
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Gudlavalleru Engineering College

2. What are design standards
 Design to standard means to design items with generally accepted and
uniform procedures, dimensions or materials.
 Product standardization is a technique in engineering design that aim to
reduce the number of different parts within a product.

3. Main Purpose Of Standards
 It makes the best practice available to everyone to use there by benefits
in cost and time saving.
 It promotes compatibility and interchangeability.
 To establish mandatory norms for the design and production of
machines so as to reduce variations in types and grades and to achieve
quality characteristics from raw materials to finished products.

4. Generation of standards in design
 A standard is generally agreed upon set of procedures, criteria ,
dimensions, materials or parts.
 Engineering standards may describe the dimensions and sizes of small
parts like screws and bearings and to measure a property like fracture
strength.
 Standards tell the engineer how to do the design and are usually
regarded as recommendations.

5.  The term standards and specifications are sometimes used
interchangeably.
 Standards refer to generalized situations while specifications refer to
specialized situations.
 Along with standards, codes are followed in design.
 Codes tell the engineer what to do and when and what circumstances to
do it. Standards tell the engineer how to do it.

6. Design Standards fall in three
categories
 Performance
 Test methods
 Codes of practice
 There are published performance standards for many products such as
seat belts, lumber and auto crash safety.
 Test method standards are for measuring yield strength or thermal
conductivity .
 Codes of practice gives detailed design methods for repetitive technical
problems.

7.  Those test methods are developed by American Society for Testing and
Materials (ASTM) and underwriters laboratories(UL).
 Consider the design of boiler and pressure vessel code, these are
developed by American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) to
regulate machinery that has been adopted by all states.
 Many of the standards are developed by the American nuclear society
and the society of automotive engineers.

8. National and other standards
 Some standards are often prepared by individual companies for their
own proprietary use. The next level of standard preparation involves
groups of companies in the same industry.
 Industry standards of this type are usually submitted to the American
national standards institute(ANSI), for review approval and publication.
 Similarly, international organization for standards(ISO)
 Government specification standards, engineers working in defense must
have knowledge with Master Incident List (MIL) standards.

9. Standardization by Group Technology and CAD -CAM
 A formal way of recognizing similarities in design is through the use of group
technology (GT). It may also used to create standardization in part features.
 For example, the GT database may reveal the certain hole diameters are used
frequently in a certain range of parts
 An important aspect of standardization in cad cam is in interfacing and
communicating information between various computer devices and manufacturing
machines.
 Recently, national institute of standards has been developing and generating IGES
code for transferring geometric data between equipments and from different cad
systems.
 A computer-aided design has much to offer in design standardization.

10. In the area of machine design, the following
categorized items are standardized
 Rules of preparing drawings and use of symbols.
 Fits, tolerances for various parts from assembly considerations.
 Dimensions and preferred sizes for various machine components
namely rivets, bolts, nuts, keys, bearings and so on.

11. Benefits of standards in design
These occur in four stages:
 Cost reduction: reduction in part numbers ,large savings in
procurement costs, reduce costs through raw material standardization.
Reduction of inventory and floor space requirements.
 Quality improvement: product quality, stronger supplier relationships.
 Production flexibility: reliable delivery, flexible manufacturing.
 Manufacturing responsiveness: parts availability, financially stronger
suppliers.

12.  The use of standard components and materials leads to cost reduction in many
ways.
 It saves time when involved in original design work from spending time in
finding solutions to identical problems.
 Design based on standards provide a basis for better understanding between
buyer and seller of the product.
 Mass production of components at low cost.
 Easy availability of parts for replacement and maintenance .
 Less time and effort required to manufacture.
 Reduction in variations in size and grades of product.
 By standardizing on the more frequently used design features simplifications
and cost saving in tooling can be achieved.

13. Thank you