The document provides an introduction to machine design, outlining key requirements for machine elements such as strength, rigidity, and wear resistance. It discusses the mechanical engineering design process and various topics that will be covered in the machine design course, including design of elements against static and fluctuating loads, shaft keys and couplings, threaded joints, and mechanical springs. Standardization, aesthetics, and other considerations in machine design are also introduced.
1 a. Introduction design of machine elementDr.R. SELVAM
The document discusses machine design and standardization. It defines machine design as designing machine elements and arranging them optimally to perform useful work. It categorizes machine design into adaptive, development, and new design. Standardization is defined as obligatory norms for product characteristics like materials and dimensions to reduce variety. Standards include company, national, and international standards for materials, shapes, fits, tolerances, surface finish, and testing. Benefits of standardization include inventory control, interchangeability, improved quality, and safety.
DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENTS NOTES.PDF SHARESelvaBabu2
This document provides an overview of the course Design of Machine Elements. It discusses key considerations in machine design like the design process, classifications of designs, factors influencing design like material selection and stresses, and general design principles. The course covers topics like design of shafts and couplings, fasteners, springs, bearings and flywheels. It aims to impart knowledge of engineering mechanics, strength of materials and other topics to successfully design machine components.
This document provides an overview of machine design for a Machine Design I course. It discusses general considerations in machine design such as loads, material selection, and manufacturing. It also outlines the classification of machine designs, including adaptive, development, and new designs. The document then describes the general procedure for machine design, which includes recognizing needs, analyzing forces, selecting materials, designing elements, modifying designs, and creating detailed drawings. Finally, it provides a table mapping the course coverage to textbook chapters to support learning the design of different machine elements and systems.
The document discusses machine design and related topics. It begins by defining machine design as the creation and improvement of machines. It then discusses various types of machine designs, considerations in machine design like loads, motions, materials selection, and manufacturing processes. It also covers topics like general procedures in machine design, engineering materials and their properties, interchangeability, and important terms used in limit systems.
The document discusses various topics related to machine design including design philosophy, design of joints, gears, bearings and tribology. It also lists various textbooks and references related to machine design. The contents of the course include design of machine elements under static and variable loads, design of shafts, riveted, bolted and welded joints, power screws, belt drives, gears, journal bearings, ball and roller bearings.
This document provides an introduction to machine design. It defines machine design as using scientific principles, technical information, and imagination to describe a machine to perform specific functions with maximum economy and efficiency. The document then outlines the basic principles of mechanical design, including the design process and considerations for static and fatigue loads. It also discusses standards and material selection in machine design.
The document provides an introduction to machine design and the general considerations involved in designing machine components. It discusses the classification of machine designs, the general procedure for machine design, and considerations like the type of loads, material selection, motion of parts, and safety. It also summarizes the commonly used engineering materials and their important physical and mechanical properties that influence material selection for machine design.
1 a. Introduction design of machine elementDr.R. SELVAM
The document discusses machine design and standardization. It defines machine design as designing machine elements and arranging them optimally to perform useful work. It categorizes machine design into adaptive, development, and new design. Standardization is defined as obligatory norms for product characteristics like materials and dimensions to reduce variety. Standards include company, national, and international standards for materials, shapes, fits, tolerances, surface finish, and testing. Benefits of standardization include inventory control, interchangeability, improved quality, and safety.
DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENTS NOTES.PDF SHARESelvaBabu2
This document provides an overview of the course Design of Machine Elements. It discusses key considerations in machine design like the design process, classifications of designs, factors influencing design like material selection and stresses, and general design principles. The course covers topics like design of shafts and couplings, fasteners, springs, bearings and flywheels. It aims to impart knowledge of engineering mechanics, strength of materials and other topics to successfully design machine components.
This document provides an overview of machine design for a Machine Design I course. It discusses general considerations in machine design such as loads, material selection, and manufacturing. It also outlines the classification of machine designs, including adaptive, development, and new designs. The document then describes the general procedure for machine design, which includes recognizing needs, analyzing forces, selecting materials, designing elements, modifying designs, and creating detailed drawings. Finally, it provides a table mapping the course coverage to textbook chapters to support learning the design of different machine elements and systems.
The document discusses machine design and related topics. It begins by defining machine design as the creation and improvement of machines. It then discusses various types of machine designs, considerations in machine design like loads, motions, materials selection, and manufacturing processes. It also covers topics like general procedures in machine design, engineering materials and their properties, interchangeability, and important terms used in limit systems.
The document discusses various topics related to machine design including design philosophy, design of joints, gears, bearings and tribology. It also lists various textbooks and references related to machine design. The contents of the course include design of machine elements under static and variable loads, design of shafts, riveted, bolted and welded joints, power screws, belt drives, gears, journal bearings, ball and roller bearings.
This document provides an introduction to machine design. It defines machine design as using scientific principles, technical information, and imagination to describe a machine to perform specific functions with maximum economy and efficiency. The document then outlines the basic principles of mechanical design, including the design process and considerations for static and fatigue loads. It also discusses standards and material selection in machine design.
The document provides an introduction to machine design and the general considerations involved in designing machine components. It discusses the classification of machine designs, the general procedure for machine design, and considerations like the type of loads, material selection, motion of parts, and safety. It also summarizes the commonly used engineering materials and their important physical and mechanical properties that influence material selection for machine design.
The document provides an introduction to machine design and the design process. It discusses definitions of design, classifications of machine design including adaptive, development and new design. General considerations in machine design are outlined such as type of load, motion of parts, selection of materials, form and size of parts, friction and lubrication, convenient and economical features, use of standard parts, safety, workshop facilities, cost, and assembly. Mechanical engineering design is defined as the design of mechanical systems, machines, products, structures, and instruments using mathematics, materials sciences, and engineering mechanics sciences.
The document outlines the stages of machine design including problem recognition and definition, synthesis and analysis, evaluation, and presentation. It discusses the building blocks of machines as mechanisms with moving parts and fixed structures. The document also describes the abilities needed for a good designer such as communication skills, understanding of sciences and processes, and the use of standards to enable interchangeability and replacements.
1) The document describes the design and development of a forging hammer machine. The machine is intended to replace manual hammering and increase efficiency in forging processes.
2) The forging hammer machine is designed to have a hammer that is powered by a motor and pedal system to perform automated hammering. The hammer will provide repetitive blows to shape metal between dies.
3) Testing of the forging hammer machine showed that it can reduce the time and effort required for hammering processes compared to manual hammering. The machine also allows for a more consistent and operator-independent hammering process.
The document discusses the contents of Unit 1 of the subject ME 8593-DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENTS. It includes an introduction to the design process and factors influencing machine design. It also discusses selection of materials based on mechanical properties, preferred numbers, fits and tolerances. Additionally, it covers direct, bending and torsional stress equations, impact and shock loading, calculation of principle stresses for various load combinations, eccentric loading, curved beams, crane hook and 'C' frame. The document also mentions factor of safety, theories of failure, design based on strength and stiffness, stress concentration and design for variable loading.
This document discusses machine design and the general procedures for machine design. It covers several key topics in machine design including types of loads and stresses, selection of materials, motion of parts, size and form of parts, use of standard parts, safety considerations, and cost of construction. The general procedure for machine design involves recognizing the need, selecting mechanisms, analyzing forces, selecting materials, designing elements to size and withstand stresses, modifying as needed, and creating detailed drawings for manufacturing. Overall the document provides an introduction and overview of important concepts in machine design.
A Review on Design of a Fixture for Rear Coverijsrd.com
In fixtures which are used for machining process, minimizing work piece deformation due to clamping and cutting forces is necessary due to which machining accuracy can be maintained. The different methodologies used for clamping operation in different application by various authors are discussed in this paper. Fixtures are required in different industries according to specific application. Rear Cover is important part in agriculture tractor. The fixture set up for Rear Cover is done manually, which leads to machining defects, poor quality, increase in rejection rate, more cycle time and more hectic to operator. So, there is need to develop system which can help in achieve quality, increase productivity, elimination of human error, reduction in cycle time.
This document provides an introduction to machine design and its various considerations. It defines machine design as the process of engineering design that involves designing machine elements and arranging them optimally to obtain useful work. Some key points covered include:
- Classification of machine design types including adaptive, development, and new design.
- Factors to consider in machine design such as material selection, forces on elements, size, shape, weight, manufacturing method, reliability, and cost.
- The general procedure of machine design including need identification, mechanism synthesis, force analysis, material selection, element design, modification, and drawing production.
- Considerations for manufacturability such as reducing part counts, modular design, and designing for
Mechanical design and taboos of mechanical designJasmineHL
The document discusses the process of mechanical design. It begins with planning, which involves investigating requirements and constraints. This is followed by scheme design, where multiple solutions are considered. Technical design then refines the best scheme, determining part dimensions and drawings. Finally, technical documents are prepared. Computer tools now aid in optimization, analysis, and virtual prototyping during mechanical design. The goal is to design reliable, high-quality machines through a scientific process.
This document provides an overview of machine design. It defines machine design as designing machine elements and arranging them to obtain useful work. It discusses different types of design such as adaptive, developmental, and new design. It outlines key factors to consider in machine design like materials, forces, size, manufacturability, reliability, and cost. The goal of machine design is to safely transmit forces while allowing the machine to perform its task.
This document outlines the syllabus for a course on Design of Machine Elements - I. It includes information on textbooks, reference books, modules, and topics to be covered. The course will cover the design process, analysis of forces on machine components, design for static strength, failure theories, stress concentration, and fundamentals of mechanical engineering design. It will consist of 3 hours of lectures and 2 hours of tutorials per week over 10 weeks. The first module will cover the introduction to design process, phases of design, engineering materials and properties, manufacturing processes, codes and standards, loading conditions, stresses, and design for static strength.
This document discusses machine design fundamentals including classification of machine design, general procedures in machine design, and general considerations in machine design. It classifies machine design into adaptive design (minor modifications), development design (major modifications), and new design (completely new concepts). The general procedure in machine design includes recognition of need, synthesis, analysis of forces, material selection, design of elements, modification, detailed drawing, and production. General considerations in machine design cover load and stress analysis, kinematics, material selection, part size and form, friction, cost, safety, and assembly.
This project deals with the modeling of cooler tank parametric model as per the client requirement. Finding the best manufacturing process preparing mould base for the same, analyzing different manufacturing process by doing CNC program by changing milling parameters (feed, speed, cutters….).So that optimum parameters for manufacturing will be suggested which is useful to reduce the costs and efforts. Plastic flow analysis will be conducted to check the material flow and filling. So that reduction in the pre-machining cost will be done by rectifying the problem. FEM Based analysis will be conducted on mould structure to reduce weight of the mould. And thermal analysis will be conducted to suggest optimized cooling channel design. Modeling, mould base preparation, manufacturing, cnc programming will be done
This project deals with the modeling of cooler tank parametric model as per the client requirement. Finding the best manufacturing process preparing mould base for the same, analyzing different manufacturing process by doing CNC program by changing milling parameters (feed, speed, cutters….).So that optimum parameters for manufacturing will be suggested which is useful to reduce the costs and efforts. Plastic flow analysis will be conducted to check the material flow and filling. So that reduction in the pre-machining cost will be done by rectifying the problem. FEM Based analysis will be conducted on mould structure to reduce weight of the mould. And thermal analysis will be conducted to suggest optimized cooling channel design. Modeling, mould base preparation, manufacturing, cnc programming will be done
An Advanced Exploration on Fixture DesignIJERA Editor
Widely used in manufacturing, fixtures have a direct impact upon product manufacturing quality, productivity and cost, so much attention has already been paid to the research fixture design and many achievements in this field have been reported. In this paper, a literature survey of fixture design and automation over the past decade is proposed. First, an introduction is given on the fixture applications in industry. Then, significant works done in the design field, including their approaches, requirements and working principles are discussed. Finally, some prospective research trends are also discussed.
This document provides a syllabus for a Machine Design course. The syllabus covers the design of simple machine elements, shafts, keys, couplings, elements under fluctuating loads, power screws, threaded joints, welded joints, and mechanical springs. The course aims to teach students how to identify failure modes, design various machine elements to withstand stresses, and design elements subjected to different loading conditions. The syllabus is divided into 6 units that will cover these various machine design topics. Required textbooks are also listed.
This document describes the design and development of a vice cum bender machine. The machine is designed to both bend metal strips into various shapes using rollers, and also function as a vice to securely hold workpieces for other operations. It is intended to be a portable and low-cost machine that reduces the effort required for bending and holding operations compared to existing expensive and heavy equipment. The key components of the machine include a screw rod, slider, pedestal bearing, ball bearings, and supporting frame. Calculations are provided for the required bending and driving torques based on the intended materials and loads. The machine is designed to be manually operated through a handle to apply bending force via the screw rod and hold workpieces using the
Design and fabrication of multiple press tools for sheet metal operationIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and fabrication of a customized press tool for sheet metal operations to manufacture an electrical crimp connector. Key points:
- The press tool combines multiple operations (blanking, forming, finishing) into a single tool, reducing production time compared to traditional multi-step tools.
- The tool components like the die plate, punch holder, and stripper are designed using CAD software. Materials and dimensions are selected based on calculations of required forces.
- Static analysis using FEA software confirms the design is safe and stress values are below material yield strengths.
- Fabricating the customized tool and testing production of connectors in trials demonstrated a 3x increase in production over previous methods by combining operations
This document provides a summary of M. Kodeeswaran's qualifications and experience. It summarizes his 4+ years of experience in mechanical engineering design and product development. It details his experience designing ball valves, fittings, and other products at Pricol Technologies and previous employers. His skills include 3D modeling, drafting, project management, and software like Solidworks. He holds a B.E. in Mechanical Engineering and is seeking opportunities to contribute to mechanical engineering.
The document describes the design and development of a rotary fixture for a CNC turning center. The fixture is intended to machine a flow TEE body from a petroleum refinery. Operations include facing, turning, grooving, boring, and back facing. A four-quadrant computer aided mass balancing method is used to predict and balance any mass imbalance before manufacturing. Mass properties are calculated for each quadrant and summed to find the total imbalance. A counterweight is then added to balance the fixture about the two axes perpendicular to the rotation axis. The method allows imbalance to be addressed during the design phase to reduce material waste and improve productivity compared to traditional post-manufacturing balancing approaches.
The document provides an introduction to machine design and the design process. It discusses definitions of design, classifications of machine design including adaptive, development and new design. General considerations in machine design are outlined such as type of load, motion of parts, selection of materials, form and size of parts, friction and lubrication, convenient and economical features, use of standard parts, safety, workshop facilities, cost, and assembly. Mechanical engineering design is defined as the design of mechanical systems, machines, products, structures, and instruments using mathematics, materials sciences, and engineering mechanics sciences.
The document outlines the stages of machine design including problem recognition and definition, synthesis and analysis, evaluation, and presentation. It discusses the building blocks of machines as mechanisms with moving parts and fixed structures. The document also describes the abilities needed for a good designer such as communication skills, understanding of sciences and processes, and the use of standards to enable interchangeability and replacements.
1) The document describes the design and development of a forging hammer machine. The machine is intended to replace manual hammering and increase efficiency in forging processes.
2) The forging hammer machine is designed to have a hammer that is powered by a motor and pedal system to perform automated hammering. The hammer will provide repetitive blows to shape metal between dies.
3) Testing of the forging hammer machine showed that it can reduce the time and effort required for hammering processes compared to manual hammering. The machine also allows for a more consistent and operator-independent hammering process.
The document discusses the contents of Unit 1 of the subject ME 8593-DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENTS. It includes an introduction to the design process and factors influencing machine design. It also discusses selection of materials based on mechanical properties, preferred numbers, fits and tolerances. Additionally, it covers direct, bending and torsional stress equations, impact and shock loading, calculation of principle stresses for various load combinations, eccentric loading, curved beams, crane hook and 'C' frame. The document also mentions factor of safety, theories of failure, design based on strength and stiffness, stress concentration and design for variable loading.
This document discusses machine design and the general procedures for machine design. It covers several key topics in machine design including types of loads and stresses, selection of materials, motion of parts, size and form of parts, use of standard parts, safety considerations, and cost of construction. The general procedure for machine design involves recognizing the need, selecting mechanisms, analyzing forces, selecting materials, designing elements to size and withstand stresses, modifying as needed, and creating detailed drawings for manufacturing. Overall the document provides an introduction and overview of important concepts in machine design.
A Review on Design of a Fixture for Rear Coverijsrd.com
In fixtures which are used for machining process, minimizing work piece deformation due to clamping and cutting forces is necessary due to which machining accuracy can be maintained. The different methodologies used for clamping operation in different application by various authors are discussed in this paper. Fixtures are required in different industries according to specific application. Rear Cover is important part in agriculture tractor. The fixture set up for Rear Cover is done manually, which leads to machining defects, poor quality, increase in rejection rate, more cycle time and more hectic to operator. So, there is need to develop system which can help in achieve quality, increase productivity, elimination of human error, reduction in cycle time.
This document provides an introduction to machine design and its various considerations. It defines machine design as the process of engineering design that involves designing machine elements and arranging them optimally to obtain useful work. Some key points covered include:
- Classification of machine design types including adaptive, development, and new design.
- Factors to consider in machine design such as material selection, forces on elements, size, shape, weight, manufacturing method, reliability, and cost.
- The general procedure of machine design including need identification, mechanism synthesis, force analysis, material selection, element design, modification, and drawing production.
- Considerations for manufacturability such as reducing part counts, modular design, and designing for
Mechanical design and taboos of mechanical designJasmineHL
The document discusses the process of mechanical design. It begins with planning, which involves investigating requirements and constraints. This is followed by scheme design, where multiple solutions are considered. Technical design then refines the best scheme, determining part dimensions and drawings. Finally, technical documents are prepared. Computer tools now aid in optimization, analysis, and virtual prototyping during mechanical design. The goal is to design reliable, high-quality machines through a scientific process.
This document provides an overview of machine design. It defines machine design as designing machine elements and arranging them to obtain useful work. It discusses different types of design such as adaptive, developmental, and new design. It outlines key factors to consider in machine design like materials, forces, size, manufacturability, reliability, and cost. The goal of machine design is to safely transmit forces while allowing the machine to perform its task.
This document outlines the syllabus for a course on Design of Machine Elements - I. It includes information on textbooks, reference books, modules, and topics to be covered. The course will cover the design process, analysis of forces on machine components, design for static strength, failure theories, stress concentration, and fundamentals of mechanical engineering design. It will consist of 3 hours of lectures and 2 hours of tutorials per week over 10 weeks. The first module will cover the introduction to design process, phases of design, engineering materials and properties, manufacturing processes, codes and standards, loading conditions, stresses, and design for static strength.
This document discusses machine design fundamentals including classification of machine design, general procedures in machine design, and general considerations in machine design. It classifies machine design into adaptive design (minor modifications), development design (major modifications), and new design (completely new concepts). The general procedure in machine design includes recognition of need, synthesis, analysis of forces, material selection, design of elements, modification, detailed drawing, and production. General considerations in machine design cover load and stress analysis, kinematics, material selection, part size and form, friction, cost, safety, and assembly.
This project deals with the modeling of cooler tank parametric model as per the client requirement. Finding the best manufacturing process preparing mould base for the same, analyzing different manufacturing process by doing CNC program by changing milling parameters (feed, speed, cutters….).So that optimum parameters for manufacturing will be suggested which is useful to reduce the costs and efforts. Plastic flow analysis will be conducted to check the material flow and filling. So that reduction in the pre-machining cost will be done by rectifying the problem. FEM Based analysis will be conducted on mould structure to reduce weight of the mould. And thermal analysis will be conducted to suggest optimized cooling channel design. Modeling, mould base preparation, manufacturing, cnc programming will be done
This project deals with the modeling of cooler tank parametric model as per the client requirement. Finding the best manufacturing process preparing mould base for the same, analyzing different manufacturing process by doing CNC program by changing milling parameters (feed, speed, cutters….).So that optimum parameters for manufacturing will be suggested which is useful to reduce the costs and efforts. Plastic flow analysis will be conducted to check the material flow and filling. So that reduction in the pre-machining cost will be done by rectifying the problem. FEM Based analysis will be conducted on mould structure to reduce weight of the mould. And thermal analysis will be conducted to suggest optimized cooling channel design. Modeling, mould base preparation, manufacturing, cnc programming will be done
An Advanced Exploration on Fixture DesignIJERA Editor
Widely used in manufacturing, fixtures have a direct impact upon product manufacturing quality, productivity and cost, so much attention has already been paid to the research fixture design and many achievements in this field have been reported. In this paper, a literature survey of fixture design and automation over the past decade is proposed. First, an introduction is given on the fixture applications in industry. Then, significant works done in the design field, including their approaches, requirements and working principles are discussed. Finally, some prospective research trends are also discussed.
This document provides a syllabus for a Machine Design course. The syllabus covers the design of simple machine elements, shafts, keys, couplings, elements under fluctuating loads, power screws, threaded joints, welded joints, and mechanical springs. The course aims to teach students how to identify failure modes, design various machine elements to withstand stresses, and design elements subjected to different loading conditions. The syllabus is divided into 6 units that will cover these various machine design topics. Required textbooks are also listed.
This document describes the design and development of a vice cum bender machine. The machine is designed to both bend metal strips into various shapes using rollers, and also function as a vice to securely hold workpieces for other operations. It is intended to be a portable and low-cost machine that reduces the effort required for bending and holding operations compared to existing expensive and heavy equipment. The key components of the machine include a screw rod, slider, pedestal bearing, ball bearings, and supporting frame. Calculations are provided for the required bending and driving torques based on the intended materials and loads. The machine is designed to be manually operated through a handle to apply bending force via the screw rod and hold workpieces using the
Design and fabrication of multiple press tools for sheet metal operationIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and fabrication of a customized press tool for sheet metal operations to manufacture an electrical crimp connector. Key points:
- The press tool combines multiple operations (blanking, forming, finishing) into a single tool, reducing production time compared to traditional multi-step tools.
- The tool components like the die plate, punch holder, and stripper are designed using CAD software. Materials and dimensions are selected based on calculations of required forces.
- Static analysis using FEA software confirms the design is safe and stress values are below material yield strengths.
- Fabricating the customized tool and testing production of connectors in trials demonstrated a 3x increase in production over previous methods by combining operations
This document provides a summary of M. Kodeeswaran's qualifications and experience. It summarizes his 4+ years of experience in mechanical engineering design and product development. It details his experience designing ball valves, fittings, and other products at Pricol Technologies and previous employers. His skills include 3D modeling, drafting, project management, and software like Solidworks. He holds a B.E. in Mechanical Engineering and is seeking opportunities to contribute to mechanical engineering.
The document describes the design and development of a rotary fixture for a CNC turning center. The fixture is intended to machine a flow TEE body from a petroleum refinery. Operations include facing, turning, grooving, boring, and back facing. A four-quadrant computer aided mass balancing method is used to predict and balance any mass imbalance before manufacturing. Mass properties are calculated for each quadrant and summed to find the total imbalance. A counterweight is then added to balance the fixture about the two axes perpendicular to the rotation axis. The method allows imbalance to be addressed during the design phase to reduce material waste and improve productivity compared to traditional post-manufacturing balancing approaches.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
1. INTRODUCTION OF MACHINE
DESIGN-I
Prof. Jawed B. Shaikh
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Deogiri Institute of Engineering and Management studies Aurangabad.
4. BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF MACHINE ELEMENTS
“A machine consists of machine elements. Each part of a machine, which has motion with respect to some
other part, is called a machine element.
(i) Strength
(ii) Rigidity
(iii) Wear Resistance
(iv) Minimum Dimensions and Weight
(v) Manufacturability
(vi) Safety
(vii) Conformance to Standards
(viii) Reliability
(ix) Maintainability
(x) Minimum: Life-cycle Cost
5. COURSE CONTENTS:
Unit1: Mechanical Engineering Design Process [07 Hours]
Traditional design methods, general industrial design procedure, design considerations,
phases in design, creativity in design, use of standardization, preferred series,
introduction to ISO9000, use of design data book, aesthetic and ergonomic
considerations in design.
Unit2: Design of Machine Elements against Static Loading [07 Hours]
Theories of Failure (Yield and Fracture Criteria): Maximum normal stress theory, Maximum shears
tress theory, Maximum distortion energy theory, comparison of various theories of failure, Direct
loading and combined loading, Joints subjected to static loading e.g. cotter (Bicycle pedal, piston rod in
crosshead in steam engine and piston rod with extension) and knuckle joint.
6. Unit3: Design of Machine Elements against fluctuating loading [07 Hours]
Stress concentration, stress concentration factor, fluctuating stresses, fatigue failure ,
endurance limit, notch sensitivity, approximate estimation of endurance limit, design for
finite life and ifinite life under reversed stresses, cumulative damage in fatigue, Soderberg
and Goodman diagrams, fatigue design under combined stresses.
Unit4: Design of shaft keys and coupling
Various design considerations in transmission shafts, splined shafts, spindle and axles
strength,
lateral and torsional rigidity, ASME code for designing transmission shaft.Types of Keys:
Classification and fitment in keyways, Design of various types of keys.
Couplings: Design consideration, design of rigid, muff and flange type couplings, and
design of
flexible couplings
7. .
Unit5: Design of Threaded Joints and Mechanical Springs [07 Hours]
Power Screws: Forms of threads used for power screw and the its applications, torque
analysis
for square threads, efficiency of screw, overall efficiency, self-locking in power screws,
stresses
in the power screw, design of screw and nut, differential and compound screw, re-
circulating ball
screw.
Welded Joints: Type of welded joints, stresses in butt and fillet welds, strength of welded
joints
subjected to bending moments.
Mechanical Springs: Stress deflection equation for helical spring, Wahl’s factor, style of
ends,
design of helical compression, shot peening
8. 1. V. B. Bhandari, “Design of Machine Elements”, Tata McGra Hill
Publications,New Delhi,2008.
2. R. L. Nortan, “Machine Design: An Integrated Approach”Pearson
Education Singapore,2001.
3. Machine Design –R. S. Khurmi
4.J. E. Shigley and C. Mischke, “Mechanical Engineering Design”, Tata
McGraw Hill
Publications,7thedition, 2004.
5. M. F.Spotts, “Design of Machine Elements”, Prentice Hall of India,
New Delhi.
**1.Design data book-R.B.Patil
9. WHAT IS DESIGN ?
• Design is to formulate a plan for a specified need or solve a specific problem
.It is a plan that results in creation of something having physical reality. It is
an innovative and a highly iterative process.
Idea Physical product
FUNCTION
AL
SAF
E
USABLE
RELIABL
E
MANUFACTURA
BLE
COMPETITIVE MARKETABL
E
10. • “Machine is defined as a the use of scientific principles
,technical information and imagination in the description
of a machine or mechanical system to perform specific
functions with maximum economy and efficiency”
• An apparatus using mechanical power and having several parts, each with a definite function
and together performing a particular task.
• Semi or fully automated device that magnifies human physical and/or mental
capabilities in performing one or more operations.
WHAT IS MACHINE?
11. • Machine is a combination of several machine elements
arranged to work together as a whole to accomplish specific
purpose.
• Machine Design involves designing the elements and
arranging them optimally to obtain some useful work.
• Machine design is the process of engineering design. A
machine is made up of mechanisms that work together to
satisfy the requirements of what the machine needs to
accomplish.
What is Machine Design?
12. Traditional Design Methods
1. Design by Craft Evolution
2. Design by Drawing
1. Design by Craft Evolution
a. There are no dimensions to the drawing
b. There is no any adequate justification to the drawings
c. The products are developed by trial and error method
d. Any modification in the product is costly, because the craftsman
has to experiment with the product itself. Moreover, only one
change at a time can be attempted and complete reorganization
of the product is difficult.
e. There is no symbolic medium to record the design information of
the product
f. No sudden changes in design
g. No mass production is possible
13. Traditional Design Methods
2. Design by Drawing
a. The dimensions of the product are specified in advance of its manufacture.
b. The complete manufacturing of the product can be subdivided into separate
pieces, which can be made by different people.
c. When the product is to be developed by trial and error, the process is carried
out on a drawing board instead of shop floor. The drawings of the product
are modified and developed prior to manufacture.
d. In this method, much of the intellectual activity is taken away from the shop
floor and assigned to design engineers.
14. Types of Machine Design
Types of design
Adaptive
Design Development
design
New
Design
15. 1) Adaptive Design:- The designer’s work is concerned with
adaptation of existing design. The designer only makes minor
alternation or modification in the existing designs of the product.
2) Development Design:- This type of design needs considerable
scientific training and design ability in order to modify the existing
design into a new idea by adopting a new material or different
method of manufacture. The designer starts from the existing
design, but final product may differ quite markedly from the
original product.
3) New Design:- This type of design needs lots
of research, technical
ability and creative thinking.
Types of Machine Design
16. Types of Design Based on method
Types of design
based on
method
Rational
Design Empirical
Design
Industrial
Design
17. 1) Rational Design:- Based on determining the stresses and
strains of components and thereby deciding their
dimensions. This type of design depends upon
mathematical formulae of principal of mechanics.
1) Empirical Design:- This type of design depends upon
empirical formulae based on the practice and past
experience .
1) Industrial Design:- This type of design depends upon the
production aspects to manufacture any machine
component in the industry. Based on industrial
Types of Design Based on method
18. ⮚What device or mechanism to be used-
⮚To decide the relative arrangement of the constituent elements.
⮚Material
⮚Forces on the elements
⮚Size
⮚Shape and space requirements
⮚Weight of the product
Factors to be considered in Machine
Design
19. ⮚The method of manufacturing the components and their
assembly.
⮚How will it operate.
⮚Reliability and safety aspects.
⮚Inspectibilty
⮚Maintenance
⮚Cost and aesthetics of the designed product.
Design
21. ⮚Standardization is defined as obligatory (or compulsory) norms, to
which various characteristics of a product should comply (or
agree) with standard.
⮚The characteristics include materials, dimensions and shape of the
component, method of testing and method of marking, packing
and storing of the product.
⮚A standard is defined as a set of specifications for parts, materials
or processes. The objective of, a standard is to reduce the variety
and limit the number of items to a reasonable level.
Standardization
22. • On the other hand, a code is defined as a set of specifications
for the analysis, design, manufacture, testing and erection of the
product. The purpose of a code is to achieve a specified level
of safety.
• There are three types of standards used in design :-
⮚ Company Standards: They are used in a particular
company or a group of sister concerns.
Standardization
23. ⮚National standards:
– India - BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards),
– Germany - DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung),
– USA - AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute) or SAE (Society of Automotive
Engineers),
– UK - BS (British Standards)
⮚International standards: These are prepared by the International
Standards Organization (ISO).
Standardization
24. ⮚ Standards for Materials, their chemical compositions, Mechanical
properties and Heat Treatment:
For example, Indian standard IS 210 specifies seven
grades of grey cast iron
designated as FG 150, FG 200, FG 220, FG 260, FG 300, FG 350 and FG 400. The
number indicates ultimate tensile strength in N/mm2.
⮚ Standards for Shapes and dimensions of commonly used Machine Elements:
The machine elements include bolts, screws and nuts, rivets, belts and chains, ball
and roller bearings, wire ropes, keys and splines, etc
For example, IS 2494 (Part 1) specifies dimensions and shape of the cross- section of
endless V-belts for power transmission.
The dimensions of the trapezoidal cross-section of the belt, viz. width, height and
included angle are specified in this standard
Standards are used in mechanical
engineering design
25. ⮚ Standards for Fits, Tolerances and Surface Finish of Component:
For example, selection of the type of fit for different applications is illustrated in IS
2709 on 'Guide for selection of fits'.
The tolerances or upper and lower limits for various sizes of holes and shafts are
specified in IS 919 on 'Recommendations for limits and fits for engineering'.
IS 10719 explains method for indicating surface texture on technical drawings.
⮚ Standards for Tes ting of Products:
These standards, sometimes called 'codes', give procedures to test the products
such as pressure vessel, boiler, crane and wire rope, where safety of the
operator is an important consideration.
For example, IS 807 is a code of practice for design, manufacture, erection and
testing of cranes and hoists.
Standards are used In mechanical
engineering design
26. ⮚ Reductions in types and dimensions of identical components (inventory
control).
⮚ Reduction in manufacturing facilities.
⮚ Easy to replace (Interchangeability).
No need to design or test the elements.
⮚ Improves quality and reliability.
⮚ Improves reputation of the company which manufactures standard
components.
⮚ Sometimes it ensures the safety.
⮚ It results in overall cost reduction.
Benefits of Standardization
27. ⮚ With the acceptance of standardization, there is a need to keep the
standard sizes or dimensions of any component or product in discrete steps.
⮚ The sizes should be spread over the wide range, at the same time these
should be spaced properly.
⮚ For example, if shaft diameters are to be standardized between 10 mm and
25 mm, then sizes should be like : 10 mm, 12.5 mm, 16 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm and
not like : 10 mm, 11 mm, 13 mm, 18 mm, 25 mm.
⮚ This led to the use of geometric series known as series of preferred
numbers
or preferred series.
⮚ Preferred series are series of numbers obtained by
geometric progression and rounded off.
Preferred
Numbers
28. • There are five basic series with step ratios of:
80
5 10 , 10 10 , 20 10 , 40 10 &
10
• These ratios are approximately equal to 1.58, 1.26, 1.12, 1.06 and 1.03.
• The five basic series of preferred numbers (knownas
preferred series) are designated as: R5, R10, R20, R40, and R80.
• The examples of preferred number series are:
standard shaft diameters, power rating of coupling, center
distances of standard gear boxes, etc.
Preferred
Numbers
29. • The difference in two successive terms has a fixed percentage.
• It provides small steps for small quantities and
large steps
for large quantities.
• The product rangeis covered with minimum
number of sizes without restricting the
choice of the customers.
Advantages Preferred
Numbers
30. • The difference in two successive terms has a fixed percentage.
• It provides small steps for small quantities and
large steps
for large quantities.
• The product rangeis covered with minimum
number of sizes without restricting the
choice of the customers.
Advantages Preferred
Numbers
32. • In a present days of buyer's market, with anumber of products available in
the market are having most of the parameters identical, the appearance of
product is often a major factor in attracting the customer.
• This is particularly true for consumer durables like: automobiles, domestic refrigerators,
television sets, etc.
• Aesthetics is defined as a set of principles of appreciation of beauty. It deals
with the appearance of the product.
• Appearance is an outward expression of quality of the product and is the first
communication of the product with the user.
• For any product, there exists a relationship between the functional requirement and
the appearance of a product.
Aesthetic
Considerations
33. • The aesthetic quality contributes to the performance of the product, though
the extent of contribution varies from the product to product.
• The following guidelines may be used in aesthetic design (design for
appearance):
• The appearance should contribute to the performance of the product.
For example, the aerodynamic shape of the car
will have a lesser air resistance, resulting in the lesser
fuel consumption.
• The appearance should reflect the function of the product.
For example, the aerodynamic shape of the car indicates the speed.
• The appearance should reflect the quality of the product.
Aesthetic
Considerations
34. • The appearance should not be at too much of extra cost unless it is a prime
requirement.
• The appearance should be suitable to the environment in which the product is
used.
• The growing importance of the aesthetic considerations in product design has
given rise to a separate disciple known as industrial design.
• The job of an industrial designer is to create new shapes and forms for the
product which are aesthetically appealing
– Form (Shape)
There are five basic forms of the products, namely, step, taper, shear, streamline and sculpture
Aesthetic
Considerations
35. ⮚ Step form:
The step form is a stepped structure having vertical accent
It is similar to the shape of a multistorey building.
⮚ Taper form
The taper form consists of tapered blocks or tapered cylinders.
⮚ Shear form
The shear form has a square outlook.
⮚ Streamline form
The streamline form has a streamlined shape having a smooth flow as seen in automobile and
aeroplane structures
⮚ Sculpture form
Aesthetic Considerations
37. • Colour
❑ Colour is one of the major contributors to the aesthetic appeal of the product.
❑ Many colours are linked with different moods and conditions.
❑ The selection of the colour should be compatible with the conventions.
❑ Morgan has suggested the colour code given in the following Table.
Aesthetic
Considerations
Colour Meaning
Red Danger, Hazard, Hot
Orange Possible Danger
Yellow Caution
Green Safety
Blue Caution-Cold
Grey Dull
38. • Material and Surface Finish
❑ The material and surface finish of the productcontribute
significantly to the appearance.
❑ The material like, stainless steel gives better appearance than the cast irons,
plain carbon steels or low alloy steels.
❑ The brass or bronze give richness to the appearance of the product.
❑ The products with better surface finish are always aesthetically pleasing.
❑ The surface coating processes like: spray painting, anodizing,
electroplating,
etc. greatly enhances the aesthetic appeal of the product.
Aesthetic Considerations
39. • Ergonomics is defined as the scientific study of the man-machine-working
environment relationship and the application of anatomical, physiological
and psychological principles to solve the problems arising from this
relationship
• The word ergonomic is formed from two Greek word: ergo means work and
nomic mean natural laws.
• The final objective of the ergonomics is to make the machine fit for user rather
than to make the user adapt himself or herself to the machine.
• It aims at decreasing the physical and mental stresses to the user.
• Psychology - Experimental psychologists who study people at work to provide
data on such things as: Human sensory capacities, psychomotor
performance, Human decision making, Human error rates, Selection tests and
procedures, Learning and training.
Ergonomic
Considerations
40. • Anthropometry - An applied branch of anthropology concerned with the
measurement of the physical features of people. Measures how tall we are,
how far we can reach, how wide our hips are, how our joints flex, and how
our bodies move.
• Applied Physiology - Concerns the vital processes such as cardiac function,
respiration, oxygen consumption, and electromyography activity, and the
responses of these vital processes to work, stress, and environmental
influences.
Ergonomic Considerations
42. Ergonomic Considerations
• This man-machine closed loop system in influenced by the working environmental
factors such as: lighting, noise, temperature, humidity, air circulation, etc.
• Ergonomic Considerations in Design of Displays
• Ergonomic Considerations in Design of Controls
• Working Environment.
• Lighting
• Noise
• Temperature
• Humidity and air circulation