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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
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3. Production Benefits
• Their low feed,
input, and labour
requirements
• providing financial
security to the
family
• Multiple (twins
triplets) offspring
(kids/lambs) are
typically born every
year
4. Health Benefits
• Sheep can produce 2/3 liters
of milk daily.
• Rich in Ca, Mg, P, K and Na.
• Rich in Vitamin A, C and
Folate.
• Children are commonly
reared on goat's milk due to
high digestibility
• liver disease, allergies or
ulcers, or others with
digestive problems
5. Environmental Benefits
• Droppings are
used as manure
for organic
farming
• Eat many
different plants
including plants
with relatively low
nutritional value
making them
easier to feed
12. HOUSING SITE SELECTION
• Drainage: The area should be slightly sloped for effective
drainage
• Wind direction: Animal houses should be partially or
totally protected from the direction of strong wind
• Climatic factors: Such as temperature and rainfall
• Environmental factors: Livestock housing should not be
placed within 10 meters of springs, rivers/streams or
other water bodies.
13. A minimum floor slope of 5% is recommended
The under-surface of the roof should remain cool and watertight
high roof encourages air movement
Iron sheet
Grass/bushes
Wood
14. • Feed trough, Feeding rack for forage/fodder: One meter (3 feet)
above the platform with a width of 30 cm and a depth of 15 cm
• Water troughs: 2-3 times per day
• Goats consume 3-7 liters/animal/day
• Sheep 3-5 liters/animal/day
15. HERD RATIOS: RAM-TO-EWE/
BUCK-TO-DOE
It is important as it can
affect the overall
reproductive efficiency
One ram/buck to 20–25
ewes/does
Three per 100 ewes/does
17. Puberty is generally defined as the point of sexual
development at which the animal becomes capable of
reproduction
Female goats and sheep reach puberty as early as 5 months
18. THE ESTRUS CYCLE
The estrus cycle, defined as the
number of days between two
consecutive periods of estrus (heat),
is on average 17 days in ewes and
21 days in does.
19. Ewes and Does:
Breathing continuously
Swollen – red colored vulva
Flagging of the tail
Frequent urination
Cervical mucus discharge
Restlessness
Mounting other animals
Normal duration will be 24 to
36 hours.
20. When to mate?
• Sheep/Goat should be mated 12 to 24 hrs after you have seen
her on heat.
• Heat signs in the afternoon, the goat/sheep should be mated
the next morning.
• Heat signs in the morning should be mated in the evening
21. GESTATION
• Gestation is the period from
fertilization to delivery of the foetus
• The gestation period is 5 months for
goats and 6 months for sheep
• Age
• Litter
• Size
• Nutrition
• Breeds
22. Preparation for kidding or
lambing
Rule 1: Ensure the female is put in a dry clean and quiet
place at the time of kidding or lambing
Rule 2: The kidding/lambing place should be under a
shelter (in the house) or shade. This is to protect the
kid/lamb from too much sun
Rule 3: The doe/ewe must have water as soon as she has
given birth so she can make sure she has enough to
balance the loss of water from giving birth and to have
enough milk to feed the newborn
25. LACTATING EWES AND DOES
Need to be fed sufficient
quantities of hay and
concentrate
Need to provide plenty of
clean, fresh drinking water
require double the amount of
water as non-lactating
animals
26. NEWBORN ANIMALS
Immediately after birth,
the umbilical cord should
be trimmed
Intake of colostrum, the
"first milk”, is crucial for
successful rearing of
lambs/kids
protect new-born
lambs/kids from cold, rain
and wind
Do not handle lambs/kids
too frequently
immediately after birth
27. KID/LAMB MORTALITY
Low birth weight
Low environmental
temperature at birth or
shortly
Litter type (single or
multiple)
Diseases and accident
Season of birth
Inadequate colostrum
consumption
28. MANAGING YOUNG GOATS AND SHEEP
• Tail docking
• it is normally done for ewe lambs
only
• A Burdizzo instrument is used to
crush the tail between the
vertebrate joints
• The tail is then cut off with a knife
• Reduced fly strike (wool maggots)
• Easier ewe mating/breeding
29. •Castration
• Castration is done to control
mating by preventing
inbreeding and inferior males
from Breeding
• For production of fattened
carcass
• Castrated early in life (in the
first 2 months) and kept for
meat
30. FEEDING OF SHEEP AND GOAT
Feed only clean, fresh
Dusty feeds and concentrates
should be wetted a little
Chop/Cut forages to prevent
waste
Always have fresh water for
sheep and goats to drink at any
time.
Provide a diverse diet of feeds
such as grasses and legumes,
tree leaves
feed sheep and goats at least 3
times a day and at the same
time every day
31. WHAT KIND OF FEED SHOULD THE
SHEEP AND GOAT BE GIVEN
Fodder Maize Napier
33. FEEDING SCHEDULE ( FEED PER DAY)
BODY
WEIGHT (Kg)
MILK (ml) CONCENTRATE
(gm)
GREEN FODDER
(Kg)AM PM
2 200 200 - -
3 300 300 - -
5 300 300 50 Ad Lib
7 350 350 150 “
10 150 150 350 “
20 350 1.5
30 350 2.5
40 400 4.0
50 500 5.0
Followed at NDRI, KARNAL
34. GOOD MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
AND DISEASE PREVENTION
Housing and feeding: protection
from wind and rain, cleaned and
Good Ventilation
Feed racks prevent
contamination
Drenching and spraying: Regular
treatment with effective anti-
parasitic drugs Spraying of
animals will reduce external
parasites
Hoof trimming: affect mobility,
diseases such as foot rot
37. VIRAL AND BACTERIAL DISEASES OF
SHEEP AND GOATS
Peste des Petites Ruminants (PPR)
Acute Diarrhea
Coughing
Blue tongue
Necrotic Lesions in
mouth and nose
Mortality
41. PARASITIC DISEASES OF SHEEP
AND GOATS
• Internal Parasitic
Infestations
– animal is thin
– animal eats less than
normal
– animal is weak, tires easily
and
– lags behind the flock
42. External parasitic
infestation
External parasites transmit
additional diseases to their
hosts
Causes tick-paralysis
cause loss of weight
associated with anaemia
43. SHEEP AND GOAT ECONOMICS OF
PRODUCTION
PARTICULES COST(Rs) PARTICULES COST(Rs)
Purchase Cost CASH FLOW
Total cost of 25 FEMALES 25 x 4,000 100000 Water,
electricity and
other misc
260 x 12 3120
Total cost of 1 MALES 1 x 5,000 5000 Fodder
cultivation
3 x 2500 7500
HOUSING @Rs.85/ sq.ft Supplementary
Feed @ Rs 10/
Kg
12 x
2887.5
34650
For 25 F @10 sq.ft 25 x 10 x 85 21250 MEDICAL 650 x 12 7800
For 1 M @20 sq.ft 1 x 20 x 85 1700 Grass cutter
50% Sub
27500
For 30 kids @ 4 sq.ft 30 x 4 x 85 11560 Feeding and
watering Tubs
10000
INITIAL INVESTMENT Rs.230000/-
2ND YEAR ONWORDS Rs.53000/-
44. SUBMITTED TO:
Dr. S T Bhairappanavar
Dr. R Jayaramaiah SUBMITTED BY:
Dr. Pramod G ROHITH D S
Dr. Naveen Kumar B T ALH4056
4th B.Sc. AG
DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY ACH
AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, KAREKERE
HASSAN-573225
