energy resource classification

3. 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
15th Century
Mid 19th
Century
Early 20th
Century
Late 20th
Century
Mid 21st
Century
Animal
Biomass
Coal
Oil
Natural Gas
Nuclear
Hydrogen

4. Heat
Kinetic
(movement)
Chemical
Electrical

5. Thermal or Heat Energy:
Used to raise the
temperature of objects in
industrial process
Grade Temperature Conversion to
Mech energy
High 500-10000C Easy
Med 150-5000C Moderate
Low 80-1500C Difficulty
Mechanical Energy:
1.Obtained due to motion
2.Used in Transport, Handling,
Processing...
3.Converted into Electrical Energy
Using Turbines

6. Chemical Energy:
1.Energy stored in a substance such
as Fuels, organic matter...
2.It can be converted into Electrical
Energy
3.It is Also converted to Thermal
Energy
Electrical Energy:
1.Flow of electron cause
electrical energy
2.Considered as a high grade
energy
3.Used in Transformation,
Agriculture, Processing...

8. ENERGY RESOURCES
USABILITY
PRIMARY
SECONDARY
TRANSACTION
COMMERCIAL
NON
COMMERCIAL
CYCLING TIME
RENEWABLE
NON
RENEWABLE
TRADITIONAL USE
CONVENTIONAL
NON
CONVENTIONAL
AVAILABILITY
ANIMATE
IN ANIMATE

9.  Based on Usability:
◦ Primary: These found in nature
and Used in the same form. So,
it is called as RAW ENERGY
Ex: Coal, Crude oil, fire wood...
◦ Secondary: The form of energy
which is finally supplied to the
consumer
Ex: Electricity, kerosene...
 Based on Transaction:
◦ Commercial: Secondary usable
forms like electricity, petrol,
LPG... Which contribute to
national economy.
◦ Non Commercial: Energy
derived from the nature like
wood, biomass...

10.  Based on Cycling Time:
 Non Renewable: Cycling time of >100
years
Ex. Fossil Fuels, Petroleum...
 Renewable: Cycling time is <100 years
Ex. Solar, wind, biomass...
 Based on Traditional Use:
 Conventional: coal, petroleum,
nuclear...
 Non Conventional: solar, biomass,
wind...

11.  Based on Availability:
◦ Animate: Derive from
Human or animals
◦ In animate: Electricity,
fossil fuels...
 Based on Physical State:
◦ Solid: wood, coal...
◦ Liquid: kerosene, petrol...
◦ Gas: natural Gas, LPG...

12. Comparison between Conventional
And Renewable Energy
SL.NO PARTICULARS CONVENSIONAL ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY
1 Nature Exhaustible Inexhaustible
2 Eco Friendly No Yes
3 Reliability High Low
4 Initial Cost Low High
5 Extraction Required Not Required
6 Storage Easy Difficult
7 Efficiency High Low
8 Decentralization Not possible Possible
9 Loss of Diversity Yes No
10 Examples Petroleum, LPG Solar, Wind Energy

13. Sun
Wind
Biomass (plants)
Water
Oil
Coal
Natural Gas
Nuclear

14. What is it?
• Solar
power
uses
energy
from the
Sun.
• Solar
panels
transfer
the Suns
energy to
heat
water.

15. Solar Energy
Sun
Electricity
Solar cells Mirrors
Water
Turbine
Steam
Evaporation
Concentration
Conversion
Level of insolation
(latitude & precipitation)

16. Advantages
• The energy from the Sun
is free.
• The sun is Ecofriendly.
• Long Life
• Renewable
Disadvantages
• Dilute form of energy
• Solar panels are
expensive.
• When it is cloudy or at
night there is not enough
light.

17. What is it?
• Wind turbines
are used to
generate
electricity from
the wind.
• The wind turns
the large blades
and the blades
turn a generator.

18. Wind Power
Air
Turbine
Electricity
Wind mills
Heat
Pressure differences
Fans
Sun
Wind
Major prevalent wind
systems
Site suitability

19. Disadvantages
• There are few safety
risks.
• Turbines can only be
put in windy areas.
• It is not always windy.
• Expensiveness
Advantages
• Long Life
• Renewable
• The energy is free.
• Eco friendly.

20. What is it?
• Flowing
water is
used to turn
a turbine
which
generates
electricity.

21. Disadvantages
• The dam is expensive to build.
• By building a dam, the nearby
area has to be flooded and
this could affect nearby
habitats.
• If it does not rain much we
may not have enough water
to turn the turbines.
Advantages
• The energy is free.
• Eco friendly.
• Used for versatile purpose
• Long Life
• Renewable

22. What is it?
• Biomass, is a
renewable
energy source
made of
biological
material from
living, or recently
living organisms.
• Energy is
released by
combustion
(burning).

23. Disadvantages
• Land intensive
• Inefficient (only 30%
efficiency).
• Releases harmful solid
carbon particles into
the atmosphere.
• Labour Intensive
Advantages
• The energy
is free.
• Long Life
• Renewable

24. What is it?
• Heat energy
stored in
earth crust.
• Derive by
Volcano, Hot
Springs...

25. Disadvantages
• Site specific.
• Low Grade Heat
• Continuous extraction not
possible
• Air And Land Pollution.
• Drilling leads to Noise
pollution
Advantages
• The energy is free.
• Long Life
• Cheep and reliable
• Independent of weather
• Renewable

26. What is it?
• Form of hydro
power, converts
to electrical
energy
• Generated by
gravitational
attraction b/w
earth and moon

27. Disadvantages
• Less efficient
• Only 2.5%
efficiency
• Initial cost is high
Advantages
• The energy is free.
• Low maintenance cost
• Long Life
• Renewable

28. What is it?
• Derive from old
biological life
• Formed by
Decomposition
and Chemical
action
• Ex. Coal, Oil,
Gas...

29. Disadvantages
• More initial cost
• Storage is limited
• Uneven Distribution
• Not Ecofriendly
• Not Renewable
Advantages
• High reliability
• High Efficiency
• Easy Storage
• Low maintenance Cost

30. Formation of oil
deposits:
1.Decay under
pressure of billions
of microscopic
plants in
sedimentary rocks.
2.“Oil window”;
7,000 to 15,000
feet.
3.Created over the
last 600 million
years.
Petroleum

31.  Use
◦ Transportation (70%):
 Accounts for more the 55% of the oil used (US-70%).
 Limited possibility at substitution.
◦ Other uses (30%):
 Lubricant.
 Plastics.
 Fertilizers.

32. ◦ Formation:
 Thermogenic: converted organic
material into natural gas due to
high pressure.
 Deeper window than oil.
 Biogenic: transformation by
microorganisms.
◦ Composition:
 Composed primarily of methane
and other light hydrocarbons.
 Mixture of 50 to 90% by volume
of methane, propane and
butane.

33.  Advantage :
◦ Mostly used for energy
generation.
◦ Considered the cleanest
fossil fuel to use.
◦ Gas turbine technology
enables to use natural gas to
produce electricity more
cheaply than using coal.
Limitation:
◦ The major problem is
transporting natural gas,
which requires pipelines.

34. What is it?
• Radiation is
released from
the nuclei of
metal atoms.
• The radiation
can be used to
generate
electricity.

35. Uranium Water
Turbine
Electricity
Steam
Fission
Reactor
Production and
storage
Large quantitiesSuitable site
Waste storage and
disposal

36. Disadvantages
• Harmful radioactive
waste is created.
• Uranium supplies
may only last for
another 50 years.
• Non-renewable
• Radiation may
cause cancer
Advantages
• High Efficiency
• Reliability
• Only a small
amount of fuel is
needed to create a
lot of energy.