Presented by Emily Ouma at the Stakeholders Meeting on Ugandan Pigs, Hoima, Uganda, 10-11 July 2017

1. Overview of ILRI’s smallholder pig value
chain efforts in Hoima district
Emily Ouma
Stakeholders Meeting on Ugandan Pigs, Hoima, Uganda, 10-11 July 2017

2. Background
• Smallholder pig value chains in Uganda identified as a high-
potential target to translate research into major interventions:
– Stimulate pro-poor transformation and generate benefits at
scale.
• High potentials for growth due to rising demand for pork
– Highest per capita consumption in Eastern Africa at 3.4Kg
– 4% increase in pig population from 2010 – 2014 (3.4 – 3.5 mn)

3. Background
• Smallholder pig value chain activities
– commenced in 2011
• Funding support
– EC-IFAD funded project: Catalysing
emerging smallholder pig value
chains (2011-2014): initiated
activities in 3 districts
– Irish Aid funded project: More Pork
by and for the poor: Catalysing
emerging pig value chains for food
security and poverty reduction (Apr
2014 – Mar 2017): expanded
activities into Hoima and Lira districts

4. Partnerships
• Public sector: MAAIF, local
governments of Kamuli, Masaka,
Mukono, Hoima & Lira, KCCA
• Research/education institutions:
NARO, NaLIRRI, Makerere
University (COVAB, CAES, CNS),
SLU, Iowa State University –
Uganda Program
• NGOs: VEDCO, SNV, Veterinaries
Without Borders
• Private sector: PPM, Union of Pig
Coops of Greater Masaka,
Wambizzi Coop., Devenish
Nutrition

5. Selection of target sites
 Using geographical targeting using GIS characterization (pig
density, poverty level and market access

6. Project sites in Hoima district

7. Value chain and diagnostic assessments
• Identify constraints and
opportunities in the value chain
→ entry points for interventions
• Methodology
→ Micro-level assessments
(value chain actor levels)

8. Inputs and
service providers
Pig farmers Post-production
nodes
• Questionnaire
surveys:
₋ Feed stockists
₋ Village
veterinarians
₋ Agrovet stockists
₋ Village boar
owners
• Focus group
discussions
• Individual
interviews
• Questionnaire
surveys:
₋ Live pig traders
₋ Butchers
₋ Pork retailers
• Consumer household
surveys
Value chain and diagnostic assessments

9. Description of pig production systems
0
20
40
60
80
100
Kiziranfumbi
Kitoba
Busiisi
Rural-rural Rural-urban Urban-urban
Proportionofhouseholds(%)
Farrow-finish Farrow-wean Farrow-wean+Farrow-finish

10. Marketing outlets for finishers
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Men Women Men Women Men Women
Kiziranfumbi Kitoba Busiisi
Rural-Rural Rural -Urban Urban-Urban
Proprotionofrespondents(%)
Fellow Farmers Butchers
Local traders Traders from other Town not Kampala
Traders from Kampala Cross border traders

11. Management: Housing typologies
Value chain
domain
Sub County n Tethering
(%)
Free
range
(%)
Housed -
(%)
Rural-Rural Kiziranfumbi 43 63 0 37
Rural-Urban Kitoba 47 72 0 28
Urban-Urban Busiisi 39 57 0 43

12. Changes in use of different pig breed types over
the past 10 years
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
currently 5years 10years currently 5years 10years currently 5years 10years
RR RU UU
local cross exotic

13. Drivers of breed change in Hoima district
• NGOs initiative for livelihood improvement
• Introduction of new/improved breeds of pigs
– higher litter size c.t local breeds
• Capacity building of farmers in appropriate pig
management practices
Rural-Rural
(Kiziranfumbi)
Rural-Urban
(Kitoba)
Urban-Urban
(Busiisi)
Heifer International NAADS Tugende Mumaiso
World Vision World Vision World Vision
NAADS HOCADEO HOCADEO
Tugende Mumaiso NAADS

14. Preferred breed types and constraints
• Both male and female farmer groups prefer cross breeds
• Main constraints to keeping preferred breeds:
– expensive to buy cross/exotic breed,
– lack of knowledge on management of cross breeds
– high costs of inputs like feeds, housing and treatment
involved in cross/exotic breed

15. • Feed availability
(quantity)
• Poor feed quality
• High cost of commercial
feeds
• Extreme seasonal
variations
• Knowledge gaps amongst
farmers to use local
resources
Constraints associated with pig feeds and feeding

16. • Better utilization of local feed
resources in pig feeding
• Integration of high quality
forages in pig diets
Intervention: what we aimed to do

17. What we did (I)
Documented current feeding
practices
 Household surveys
– In Mukono, Masaka, Kamuli,
Hoima and Lira
 Feed analysis
– Analyzed nutritive value of 43 local
feed ingredients
– Used knowledge to formulate and
test rations on-station and on-
farm

18. What we did (II)
Carried trials to test pig performance on
feed rations
 Feed rations based on local ingredients
• Three diets tested on-station at
Kamuzinda farm
 Sweetpotato silage trials
• Three sweetpotato silage based diets
tested on-station
• Best performing SPS diet validated on-
farm
• Determined the cost benefit for the
sweet potato silage based diet.

19. Key findings
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
60silage40MSM
80silage20msm
100silage
Maizesoy bean meal
Farmer practice
weight gained(kg)
carcass weight gained liveweight gained

20. What we did (III)
Capacity development
• Developed training materials
– A training manual (English & Luganda) and a
brochure on how to make silage
– Brochure on feeding pigs on supplemented
silage
– Extension brief on local formulated rations
• Trainings on sweetpotato silage
making and feed rations
– Extension staff of local governments (
Masaka& Kamuli), MUZARDI, NALIRRI
– Smallholder farmers (280 youth, 1,458
female and 402 male) trained
– Two silage open days held in Kamuli and
Masaka
– Two sweetpotato silage business centers
opened in Masaka and Kamuli
– Scaling out to Mukono and Hoima districts

21. Significance
• Potential of sweetpotato based silage to
alleviation of dry season feed shortages
smallholder farms
• Potential to improve use of local feed resources to
improve pig nutrition
• Business opportunities around small scale silage
making (Twekembe youth group already making
and selling silage)

22. What we did (IV)
 Forages
– Evaluated on-station (with BURZADI) and on-farm forages
that are suitable for feeding pigs (low fiber, high protein)

23. Forages established in farmer fields in Hoima
and in BUZARDI
Trifolum Decorum Trifolium tembese
Lablab purpureus Desmodium intortum
Desmodium uncinatum Vicia vilosa
Lupinus, angustifolius Stylosanthus hermata
Demathus vergatus

24. Are Hoima households food insecure?
41
67
52
72
33
21
13
7
1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Had worried that they would not have enough
to eat
Ate less preferred foods
Had limited variety
Did not eat what they wanted to eat
Had eaten a smaller meal
Had eaten fewer meals in a day
Had times when no food of any kind was
available in HH
Had gone to sleep at night hungry
Had gone a whole day & night without eating
anything

25. How frequently do households in Hoima
consuming animal-source foods in a month?
56
83
95
95
99
86
86
93
85
70
33
13
3
3
0
3
9
3
8
13
9
3
1
2
0
9
4
3
5
7
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
11
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Beef
Pork
Goat meat
Chicken
Other meat
Mukene
Dry/smoked fish
Fresh fish
Eggs
Milk
None Once 2-3 days 4-6 days Daily

26. Nutrition status of children in Hoima
12 9
14 11
3 4
0 1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Severe Moderate Severe Moderate Severe Moderate Severe Moderate

27. CGIAR Research Program on Livestock
livestock.cgiar.org
The CGIAR Research Program on Livestock aims to increase the productivity and profitability of livestock agri-food
systems in sustainable ways, making meat, milk and eggs more available and affordable across the developing world.
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