The document summarizes key results from a study on dairy genetics in Senegal. The study identified and evaluated the productivity of different cattle breeds under varying management levels on 220 households over 2 years. Key findings include: (1) Yields varied significantly between indigenous Zebu and crossbreeds with higher Bos Taurus genetics under improved management; (2) Better breeds and management led to much higher profits; and (3) Capacity building of farmers improved knowledge of breeds, yields and management practices. The results can help identify the most suitable breeds and practices to improve livelihoods through more productive and profitable smallholder dairy enterprises in Senegal.
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Food Processing and Preservation Presentation.pptxdengejnr13
The presentation covers key areas on food processing and preservation highlighting the traditional methods and the current, modern methods applicable worldwide for both small and large scale.
2. The importance of dairy
Food security
milk = high-quality food which
supplies protein, energy &
essential micronutrients
consumption of even small
amounts of milk can significantly
increase nutritional security
Livelihoods
cattle keeping / dairy is an
important livelihood activity to
rural households in Senegal
3. Dairy in Senegal
Senegal is a net importer of dairy
products
The government is supporting dairy
production including through the use
of genetically improved animals
public AI campaign
local semen production center
– but no evidence base on the most
appropriate type of dairy animal
Imports relative to domestic
production, 2004
From: Atlas de l'élevage au Sénégal
4. Work package objectives
To identify and promote utilisation
of the most appropriate dairy
breed-types for more productive
and profitable dairy enterprises in
selected production systems in
Senegal
5. Key methodology: Longitudinal field survey on dairy
220+ households with ~3500
dairy animals in two sites,
monitored over 2 year period
Collect socio-economic data
(gendered) + animal-level data
All data in customised database
internet accessible
Breed of animals determined
using a DNA based approach
6. Key result – Dairy breeds defined
Herds comprised a variety of different cattle breed-types
Indigenous
Zebu
Indigenous
Zebu by
Bos Taurus
Indigenous
Zebu by
Guzerat
High Bos
Taurus
7. Key result – Management practices understood
Households applied different levels of management practices
8. Key result – Milk yields determined
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Indigenous
Zebu
Indigenous
Zebu
Indigenous
Zebu by
Guzerat
Indigenous
Zebu by
Guzerat
Indigenous
Zebu by Bos
Taurus
Indigenous
Zebu by Bos
Taurus
High Bos
Taurus
Poorer
management
Better
management
Poorer
management
Better
management
Poorer
management
Better
management
Better
management
Litersofmilk
Breed group and level of animal management
Lactation milk off-take per cow, in liters, for a 365 day lactation
Versus ~8000 liters in Finland
9. Key result – model & parameter estimates to determine
household profit of keeping different breeds
Revenue
• Milk: sold or consumed,
and suckled by calves
• Male animal sale: calves,
young, mature
• Female animal sale: young,
and cull for age cows
Costs
• Feed
• Milk suckled by calves
• Health-care
• Animal-housing
• Labour
• Female reproduction
• Water
• Marketing and transport
Profit per cow per annum
Cost:benefit per cow per annum
Model tailored to
developing country
dairy systems
> 40 parameters
estimated from the
collected data
10. Key result – Household income from keeping different
breeds determined
Herd size of 8 cows; non-transhumant; public AI
0
100 000
200 000
300 000
400 000
500 000
Indigenous
Zebu
Indigenous
Zebu
Indigenous
Zebu by
Guzerat
Indigenous
Zebu by
Guzerat
Indigenous
Zebu by Bos
Taurus
Indigenous
Zebu by Bos
Taurus
High Bos Taurus
Poorer
management
Better
management
Poorer
management
Better
management
Poorer
management
Better
management
Better
management
Profit(CFApercowperannum)
Breed group and level of animal management
8.0 fold difference!
2.4 fold difference
11. Key result – Revenue in dairy
Main benefit is from milk–
milk (suckled by calves & offtake) account for 61% - 77% of revenue
0
250 000
500 000
750 000
1 000 000
1 250 000
Indigenous
Zebu
Indigenous
Zebu
Indigenous
Zebu by
Guzerat
Indigenous
Zebu by
Guzerat
Indigenous
Zebu by Bos
Taurus
Indigenous
Zebu by Bos
Taurus
High Bos
Taurus
Poorer
management
Better
management
Poorer
management
Better
management
Poorer
management
Better
management
Better
management
Revenue(CFApercowperannum)
Breed group and level of animal management
Animals
Milk suckled by
calves
Milk offtake
12. Key result – Costs in dairy
0
250 000
500 000
750 000
1 000 000
1 250 000
Indigenous
Zebu
Indigenous
Zebu
Indigenous
Zebu by
Guzerat
Indigenous
Zebu by
Guzerat
Indigenous
Zebu by Bos
Taurus
Indigenous
Zebu by Bos
Taurus
High Bos
Taurus
Poorer
management
Better
management
Poorer
management
Better
management
Poorer
management
Better
management
Better
management
Costs(CFApercowperannum)
Breed group and level of animal management
Marketing and
transport
Watering
Health-care
Housing
Labour
Feed
Milk suckled by
calves
Main cost is feed –
milk suckled by calves & feed account for 80% - 92% of total costs
13. Key result – Livelihoods can be improved through combining
good genetics with good animal management practices
Indigenous Zebu by Bos Taurus
crossbred animals under good management.
Adapted
Productive
Profitable
Investment
cost
(housing, feed)
Access issues
Farmer
capacity
14. Key result – IPGs
Methodological approach
& survey tools
Can be replicated
Model
Fills a tool gap
Database
Data available for use by
other researchers
15. Key result – Gender
Intra-household / gendered
information on:
Decision making
Labour
Payment of costs
Control of benefits
Gender Who Weekly
labour
hours
Main
activities
Male
Household adult 30 Herding /
animal care
/ milking
Hired adult 55
Household boy 21
Female
Household adult 7
Processing
& sale of
milk
Hired female 7
Household girl 2
Labour division
16. Key result – Gender
Level of
market
orientation
Control of income from the
sale of milk
%
Women
%
Men
%
Joint
Low 72% 27% 1%
Medium 45% 50% 5%
Control of income from the sale of milk can shift from
women to men as market orientation increases
Follow-on projects may need to address this e.g. by
gender transformative approaches
17. Key result – Prediction of cow body weight
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
0100300500
Live weight in kg
Estimatedwe
18. Key result – Aflatoxin in cattle feeds
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Aflatoxinlevel(ppb)
Purchased
concentrate
Groundnut
hay
Wheat
bran
Millet bran Rice bran Groundnut
cake
In collaboration
with WP5
Many samples above WHO limit of 5ppb –
but levels unlikely to affect animal
productivity or milk safety
19. Key result – Dairy germplasm policy and
value chain assessed
Supporting policy exists, but not always
well implemented
Dairy germplasm value chain growth
potential exists, should some limitation
be addressed
– Weak demand for private AI
– Low success of public AI
Various recommendations drawn –
for further discussion with stakeholders
Rare twin calves born to AI
20. Key result – Farmers capacity built
Farmers trained on measuring milk and use of recording sheets
21. Key result – Farmers capacity built
Training topic Number
sessions
Number
female
farmers
Number
male
farmers
1. Domestic biogas, with Heifer International
Senegal
9 146 366
2. Fodder preservation –
treatment of hay with urea
8 145 258
3. Fodder conservation –
grass collection & storage
4. Improving AI success rates
8 126 245
5. Milk yields of different cattle breeds; own
animal milk yields
6. Use of weigh bands
8 103 220
7. Household profit of keeping the different
cattle breed-types
Planed late April
23. Key result – Farmers capacity built
N° Vache Race Lait produit
par jour (L)
Lait produit
par an (L)
P1122 Métisse 5 1525
P1124 Métisse 5 1579
P0097 Race Locale 2 610
Farmers received
information on
milk yields of the
different breeds as
well as their own
animals
24. Key result – Researcher capacity built
10 higher degree students received
training through the project
4 PhD students
5 Masters
1 Thesis component DVM
8 students were African nationals!
25. Next steps
Dissemination & capacity
building:
Extension material developed and
delivered to farmers and other
stakeholders by a variety of means
Implementation phase:
access to cross-bred semen;
access to credit;
strengthened policy and value
chain governance;
public-private partnerships;
access to inputs and markets
Technology adoption