The document discusses different types and grades of sprains and strains. A sprain is a ligament injury caused by stretching or tearing from abnormal joint position. Ankle sprains are most common. Strains injure muscles or tendons. Back strains are most common. Grades range from minor fiber damage (Grade I) to complete rupture (Grade III). Treatment follows the PRICE protocol with rest, ice, compression and elevation. A three-stage recovery process focuses on PRICE, exercises and sports reintroduction. Recovery time depends on severity, from 3-6 weeks for mild to 8-12 months for severe injuries.

1. Presented by: Shalu Thariwal

2.  A sprain is a stretch or tear of a ligament (band of fibrous
tissue that connects two or more bones at a joint); stretched
too far from normal position
 Most common: - ankle sprain
 Grade I - structural damage only on microscopic level, with
slight local tenderness and without joint instability.
 Grade II - partial tear (rupture) of the ligament, visible
swelling and noticeable tenderness, but without joint
instability (or with mild instability).
 Grade III - a severe sprain: complete rupture of the ligament
with significant swelling and with instability of the joint

3.  A strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon (thick, tough fibrous
cord of tissue that connects a muscle to a bone)
 Most common: back strain
 Grade I (mild) strains affect only a limited number of fibers in
the muscle. There is no decrease in strength and there is full
active and passive range of motion. Pain and tenderness are often
delayed to the next day.
 Grade II (moderate) strains have nearly half of muscle fibers
torn. Acute and significant pain is accompanied by swelling and
a minor decrease in muscle strength.
 Grade III (severe) strains represent complete rupture of the
muscle. This means either the tendon is separated from the
muscle belly or the muscle belly is actually torn in 2 parts.
Severe swelling and pain and a complete loss of function are
characteristic for this type of strain.

6.  ACUTE INJURIES: caused by a sudden trauma such as
a fall, twist, or blow to the body. Examples of an acute
injury include sprains, strains, and contusions.
 OVERUSE INJURIES: Overuse injuries occur
gradually over time. when an athletic or other activity
is repeated so often, areas of the body do not have
enough time to heal between occurrences. Tendinitis
and bursitis are common soft-tissue overuse injuries.

7.  For a sprain: Pain, swelling, bruising, not being able to
move the joint.
 Strain: Pain, muscle spasm and weakness, swelling,
cramp, bruise, inability to use the muscle.

8. Protection
Rest
Ice- 20 min
Compression
Elevation
Stage 3: Return to sports
Stage 2: Exercise
Stage 1: PRICE protocol

9. Stage 1
• PRICE for 24 to 28 hrs
• to reduce swelling and pain
Stage 2
• Physical therapy/exercise
program
• Help to reduce swelling,
prevent stiffness and restore
normal, pain-free range of
motion
• Increase strength and
flexibility
• Return to full daily activities
Stage 3
• Return to sports
• Sports specific exercise
• Improve proprioception
• Prevention (stretch, warm up,
cool down, proper footwear)

10. Time needed for full recovery:
 Mild sprain/strain: three to six weeks
 Moderate sprain/strain: two to three months
 Severe sprain/strain: eight to 12 months