it explain about introduction, definition, purpose of applying cast, indcation, type of cast, procedure of application and removal of plaster and management.
This slide includes general principles of fracture management. This is just a basic idea. I have tried to include figures as well as videos. But unfortunately videos wont play here.
Casting Technique and Modification process of Hip Disarticulation.pptxRishiRajgude
Casting techniques for hip disarticulation prosthetics are crucial for ensuring a comfortable and functional fit for the prosthesis. Some common methods include:
Total Suspension Casting: This method involves suspending the patient to create a mold that accurately captures the shape of the body where the prosthesis will be attached1.
Forming Blocks: This technique uses blocks to form the shape of the prosthesis around the patient’s body, marking key anatomical points like the iliac crests and pubis2.
Anatomical Compression Contour Method: Developed by Bobby Latham, CP, and Alex Hedquist, CPO, this method focuses on creating a contour that fits the anatomy of the patient3.
Each of these techniques has its own advantages and is chosen based on the individual needs of the patient, the type of prosthesis being fitted, and the expertise of the prosthetist. For more detailed information, you can refer to this Presentation.
CARE OF CLIENTS WITH CAST AND SPLINTS
A cast is a rigid, temporary, immobilizing and protective external device made of layers of plasters or fiberglass material (synthetic material) moulded to the body parts that it encases.
PURPOSES: To immobilize, support and protect the fractured extremity.
To correct and prevent deformities
To stabilize weakened joints
To apply uniform compression to soft tissues of an amputated extremity.
To promote healing process
To prevent injury in case of osteomyelitis
To promote early mobilization.
SPLINTS
Application of an immobilizing devices to stabilize a broken bone or injured body part from moving and to protect it from further damage to body.
Cast and immobilization techniques in orthopaedics by Dr O.O. AfuyeAlade Olubunmi
Cast, similar in function to splints are used to immobilize broken bones. The principles of its application and cast care most be followed for effectiveness.
The BANDAGING for First Aid Provider and Health care PersonelSankappa Gulaganji
BANDAGING
Dr. Sankappa Gulaganji
Associate Professor
BLDEA’s Shri B M Patil Institute of Nursing Sciences, Vijayapur
Definition
A strip of material used mainly to support and immobilize a part of the body. Definition of a bandage. And used
To support - fractured bone
To immobilize – Dislocated shoulder/Jaw
To apply pressure – Stop bleeding & Improve venous blood flow.
To secure a dressing in place.
To retain splints in place.
TYPES OF BANDAGING
Crepe bandages: Crepe bandages, commonly made of cotton, are a woven, elasticated bandage. Crepe bandages are ideal to support the healing of sprains and strains, as they provide good compression to injured areas, as per the PRICE method, but as they’re elastic they don’t prevent joints or muscles from flexing. Washable & Reusable
Conforming bandages: Conforming bandages are very stretchy and, as their name suggests, conform closely to the body’s contours. These bandages are ideal for securing dressings in place, particularly on limbs. These bandages are lightweight, fray-resistant and breathable. These are usually made with synthetic materials.
PRICE Method
Cohesive bandages (adhesive): Cohesive bandages are designed to stick to themselves, but not to skin or hair. This makes cohesive bandages quick and easy to apply and remove, not requiring any tape or pins to hold them in place. These bandages can be used both for holding wound dressings in place and for supporting and providing compression to injured muscles or joints.
Open wove bandages(cotton/Gauze): Unlike other kinds of bandage, these bandages are non-elastic, and can be used to hold dressings in place without constricting or pressuring the wound. This does however make them unsuitable for PRICE therapy. Their loose weave allows good ventilation, helping the skin to breathe and avoiding infection.
Plaster of paris: These bandages are used for creating casts to provide rigid immobilisation of fractured or broken limbs. Impregnated with Plaster of Paris (calcined gypsum), once immersed in water, these bandages can be moulded to the limb. The bandages then set fast into a strong, solid cast. These bandages should only be applied by medical professionals.
Triangular bandage:
Method of Applying Bandages
Circular
Spiral
Reverse Spiral
Figure of Eight
Principles for Applying Bandages
Wash hands
Give victim comfortable position on bed or chair and support the body part to be bandaged.
Always stand in front of the part to be bandaged except when applying bandages to head, eye and ear.
Be sure the bandages is rolled firm.
Make sure the body part to be bandaged is clean and dry.
Assess skin before applying bandage for any break down.
Observe circulation by noting pulse, surface temperature, skin color and sensation of the body part to be wrapped.
Always start bandaging from inner to outer aspect and far to near end.
When bandaging a joint ensures flexibility of the joint.
Always start and end two circular turns.
Cover the area
Epistaxis and its surgical and nursing managementbhartisharma175
epitaxis- its types, causes, sign and symptoms, diagnostic evaluation, surgical management and nursing management and its complication.it consist of images that will help in easy understanding of the topic. language is also easy to understand.
Team work- purposes, characteristics, techniques and stages of team work.bhartisharma175
it explain about introduction, definition of team work, purposes, characteristics, responsibilities of team work, advantages and disadvantages of team work. techniques used in working together effectively, stages of team work, conclusion.
it explain about definition of supervisior, faculty and dual position. role of faculty and supervisior and characteristics of faculty and supervisior. different hospital who started concept of dual position. advantages and disadvantages of dual position.
fluid and electrolyte disturbance in human bodybhartisharma175
it explain about definition of fluid and electrolyte disturbance, causes and different types of fluid disturbance. diagnostic evaluation and their emergent management along with supportive management.
it explain about definition of sleep, normal sleep, sleep disturbance, causes of sleep disturbance, management therapy, nursing therapy and its effect om normal life.
poisoning, its types and emergent management.bhartisharma175
it explain about definition, causes, types of poison, severity , diagnostic evaluation, complication of poisoning, emergent management, supportive management and nursing management.
it consist introduction of DIC, definition, etiology and causes, pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation and its management. it consist of complication too. easy to understand with the help of pictures.
it consist definition, types of burn, its cause, scales to measure degree of burn, first aid management and supportive management along with rehabilitation therapy.
aptitude test and its types. it consist of detailed description about aptitude test and its types with perfect examples. easy to understand and apply in clinical area.
Tissues- types and functions, glands and membranes bhartisharma175
it consist of tissues their types, glands and membranes. it also consist of colorful images which will help the students to identify and differentiate the different types of tissues from one another. different types of glands and membranes are also explained with the help of images.
it consist of detailed description about joints, their number and location. we briefly explained about the types of joints with colorful images. easy to understand for students with the help of pictures. language is also simple.it will be helpful for the beginners.
Bones and its structure in detail with two different form of bone formationbhartisharma175
It consist of detail content about different types of bone cells, two different type of bone formation and structure of long bone. easy to understand for students. language is simple.
Skeleton system- bones and their number with detailed description.bhartisharma175
this ppt consist of skeleton system and its types. it consist of every individual bone and their number in adult human being. easy to understand for students as well as for teachers.
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MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Plaster cast and its type
1. Assist in
Application & Removal
of
Plaster Cast
MS. BHARTI SHARMA
NURSING TUTOTR
BECON JAMMU.
2. INTRODUCTION OF ASSIST IN
APPLICATION OF CAST/SLAB
• These procedures are being done to immobilize the
injured injured part in the conditions or problems
like soft tissue injury , fracture, weakened bone, etc.
• For this procedure cast/slab can be made from POP
or fiber glass can be used.
3. DEFINITION OF CAST & SLAB
• A plaster cast / fiber glass cast is a rigid
immobilizing device that is moulded to
countour of body to encase an injured part.
4. • A POP slab / fiber glass slab can be applied firstly for
temporary period while waiting for definitive
treatment or it could be definitive treatment in itself.
5. PURPOSE OF CAST / SLAB
FOR SLAB:
• Applied as first treatment to immobilize the bone or
joints.
• Acts as a splint, to apply pressure on bone.
• To correct further complications.
• To observe signs & symptoms after application
(minimum one week after making cast).
6. FOR CAST:
• Applied after slab, means (full observation of injured
part).
• To immobilize the body part in specific position.
• To apply uniform pressure on bone.
• To provide support / stability for weakened joints.
• To prevent micro-movements in joints, bone fracture.
7. INDICATIONS FOR CAST / SLAB
• Bone fracture / dislocation.
• Soft tissue injury.
• Bone weakness.
• Ligaments injury.
• Joint swelling due to disease.
• Nerve, tendon or vessel repair.
• Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) or clubfoot.
• Achilles / calcaneus tendon (its tear, rupture or
inflammation).
8. TYPES OF CAST /SLAB
1. Upper extremity:
1) Long arm cast:
(A/E cast)
It is applied to arm
from the hand to
about lower two
thirds of arm till the
level below arm pit,
leaving fingers &
thumb free.
9. 2) Short arm cast : (wrist
plaster)
It is just below the
elbow.
10. 3) Arm cylinder cast:
It covers upper and
lower arm & elbow,
but leave wrist & hand
free.
11. 2. Lower extremity :
1) Short leg cast :
(B/K cast)
it include the encasing
of foot, ankle and lower
leg ending below knee
12. 2) Long leg cast :
(A/K cast)
it includes the encasing
of foot and leg to the
hip.
13. 2) Leg cylindrical cast :
(used in knee injuries)
It is similar to long leg
cast but in some cases
it may end just above
the ankles.
14. 3. Hip Spica:
It include the
trunk of body
and one or more
legs. It is
extended till
navel (hollow
area) in trunk.
It is of three
types:
15. 4. Shoulder spica:
In this the trunk is
covered from shoulder
of the involved side
(other side is below
arm pit), to ileac crest
and involved limb is
covered till wrist or
hand.
16. 5. Finger or thumb
spica:
It includes long arm
cast and short arm cast
covering thumb or
fingers
17. 6. Body cast / plaster jacket:
(Rarely used)
(In spinal problem)
An encasement or covering for trunk, especially
thorax.
In this cast the anterior thorax and anterior
abdomen area is remained open.
18. 7. Minerva cast /
Minerva jacket:
(Rarely used)
It is applied to trunk
and head , with spaces
cut out for face and
ears.
It extends from
sternum and distal rib
border anteriorly &
across the distal rib
border posteriorly
19. 8. Bivalve cast:
A cast cutted into two
halves
When frequent
inspection is needed.
20. ARTICLES REQUIRED FOR
APPLICATION OF CAST
A TRAY CONTAINING RATIONALE QUANTITY
POP bandages / fiber glass
bandages
To make cast 1 or 2
Stockinet To cover skin before cast 1
Cotton roll (generally used) To cover the body part 1 or 2
Soft cotton roll
(medicated with glycerin)
To cover or to prevent allergy 1 or 2
Cotton bandage To dress the part 1
Scissor To cut the bandage 1
Short trimming knife To remove hairs before cast 1
Mackintosh To protect bed sheet 1 or 2
Plastic apron / gown To protect ourselves 1
Gloves To protect hands from POP 2
Bowel with lupe warm water To rinse the POP bandage 1
Fracture table To support extremity 1
Measuring tape To measure the part 1
25. PROCEDURE FOR APPLICATION OF
CAST
• Assess client’s health status (not be diabetic /
malnourished).
• Explain the procedure to client and start IV line as
advised.
• Immobilize the part by applying splint to affected
part and provide position on bed.
• Assess the affected part for rashes , breakdown and
bruising.
• Provide skin care before the cast / slab application (if
it is open/ compound fracture then prepare client for
surgery).
26. • Determine client’s pain status (provide analgesics 20-
30 minutes before as advised).
• Arrange the articles.
• Place the mackintosh.
• Prepare the client by removing splint & positioning
the body part on bed or fracture table as required.
• Wash hands and don gloves.
• Part preparation.
• Apply glycerin to prevent swelling , lactamine lotion
to prevent allergy, apply betadine gauze piece if any
wound , and cover or apply stockinet over the part to
be casted.
27. • Wrap the part to be casted by the cotton roll or by
using soft cotton (anti-allergic),
• In case of Slab, prepare the POP bandage by
measuring the size to be casted (measuring tape),
and then that measured POP bandage is then placed
again and again onto each layer (in S-shape manner)
of POP (15 layers minimum). then dip it into lupe
warm water.
• In case of cast, dip the rolled POP bandage into lupe
warm water.
• Then in both cases (cast or slab) wait till bubbles stop
coming out of bandage (it takes 15- 20 seconds).
28. • Take it out of the warm water and squeeze the POP
bandage gently (don’t apply more pressure).
• Rule of thumb for plaster application blocks a joint
above and below the fracture, to prevent
mobilization.
• Hold the part to be casted by application of force as
required onto opposite side.
• In case of slab apply measured POP bandage onto
affected part posteriorly , then wrap it around by
wet cotton bandages.
• In case of cast apply rolled dipped POP bandage onto
the affected part to be casted , if required then take
another POP bandage to complete the cast.
29. • If fiberglass cast /slab is applied then open the
packing and apply the rolled bandage over the part
to be casted by wrapping it as in POP cast and make
layers and apply in case of slab making.
• Continue apply the force on opposite side of affected
part by pulling it.
• Both ends of stockinet sleeve may be folded back
over the cast padding to give attractive ending to
cast.
• Wait till the time it hardens. (fiberglass takes less
time to fix).
(handle the damped plaster cast with only palm of
hand not the fingers)
30. • If the cast/slab/fiberglass become harden then tell
the assistants to leave the pressure on to cast area.
• Position the casted part by placing a pillow under it
to elevate the part.
• Remove gloves and replace articles.
• The cast /slab should not be to much hard that it can
decrease the blood supply to affected part. So ask
client to move his /her fingers to confirm the
sensation or control.
• Record application of cast and condition of skin &
circulation.
• Record the client’s ability to perform ADL’s.
31. COMPLICATION OF THE CAST/ SLAB
• Impaired blood flow
• Nerve damage
• Tissue necrosis and infection
• Cast syndrome (nausea, vomiting & abd. distension).
• Complications due to immobility including joint
stiffness, foot drop, decubitus ulcers, depression,
insomnia, etc..
• Medical complications including phlebothrombosis,
pulmonary Embolism, wound enfection, etc..
33. INTRODUCTION OF ASSIST IN
REMOVAL OF CAST/SLAB
• Removal of slab is being done after complete
observation of body part for any complication for
minimum 1 week after (1 month or 45 days after).
• Cast is being removed after the joining of the
fractured bone (confirming by X-ray exma.)
34. DEFINITION
• The removal of cast / slab is a procedure that is done
by qualified and experienced medical personnel
involving different methods of cast removal.
35. PURPOSE OF CAST/SLAB REMOVAL
• Slab is removed to apply cast for further treatment.
• Cast is removed when there is sign of full recovery or
completion of time duration as advised by Doctor.
• To prevent or treat any complication the cast is
removed.
36. ARTICLES REQUIRED FOR CAST/SLAB
REMOVAL
NAME OF ARTICLE RATIONALE QUANTITY
Mackintosh To prevent soiling of bed sheet 1
Clean gloves To protect our hands 1
Water in bucket To dissolve cast 1
Plaster cutter scissors To cut the plaster 1
Vibrator To cut plaster by vibrations 1
Dilator To dilate the cutted cast 1
Sand bags To hold body part 2-3
Handle blade To erode or cut the cast 1
43. PROCEDURE FOR CAST/SLAB
REMOVAL
• Assess the patient’s condition.
• Explain the procedure to patient.
• Provide the proper position to patient as required
(sitting or lateral), and place the sandbags as
required.
• Spread the mackintosh over the bed .
• Arrange all articles as needed.
• Don gloves and start the procedure.
• Place the casted part into the water bucket, this
helps in dissolving and softening the POP bandage.
44. • If you are using plaster cutter scissor to cut the POP
cast/slab or fiber glass cast/slab.
– In this one blade is placed inside the cast under the
padding wool and another blade over the cast,
– then start cutting the plaster slowly slowly , the handle
should be in parallel to the skin position.
– After each cut the blade should be realigned before next
cut is made.
– Never try to cut round corners.
– Always remove the blades and cut from opposite side end
of line.
45. • If you are using the vibrator to remove POP or
fiberglass cast/slab:
– first mark the area line by which you have to make cut ,
– then apply vibrator over the marked line and start it ,
– and change the placement of vibrator according to marked
lines.
– After the cut has been made then use dilator to dilate the
cast and easily remove it out.
• Remove the gloves, replace the articles.
• Remove the stockinet and examine the skin condition
(any trauma due to cast removal).
46. • Wash and dry the part , massage with oil or cream to
restore normal elasticity.
• If there is edema then apply crepe bandage as
advised.
50. REFERENCES
• Annamma Jacob, Rekha R, A textbook of Clinical
Nursing Procedures: The art of Nursing practice, 1st
Edition, Published by Jaypee Publication ,2007.
• http://www.boneandspine.com/removal-of-plaster-
• http://www.m.healthkids.org/en/parents/cast-
removal-
• http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ortho..//-