A sprain involves the stretching or tearing of a ligament supporting a joint, while a strain is the stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon. Sprains and strains are commonly caused by overuse or a single injury event and most often affect athletes. Common sites are the ankle, knee, quadriceps, hamstrings, and Achilles tendon. Treatment focuses on the PRICE method - protection, rest, ice, compression, and elevation - along with exercises to regain range of motion and strength under medical supervision. More severe grade 3 injuries may require surgery followed by physical therapy. Prevention emphasizes warming up muscles before exercise or strenuous activity.

1. SPRAIN AND STRAIN

2. INTRODUCTION
• A sprain is the abnormal strectching or tearing of a
ligament that supports a joint.
• A strain is the abnormal strectching or tearing of a
muscle or tendon

3. PATHO-PHYSIOLOGY
• Sprains and strains can be caused by repetitive
activities or
• by a single over use injury

4. EPIDEMIOLOGY
• Sprains and strains mostly occurs in athletes
• Common site of sprain injury includes;
• Ankle: An ankle sprain presents when the mechanism
of injury is a rapid rolling or twisting of the ankle and
turning it inward (inversion) so that the some of the
foot starts to point upwards (supination
• Knee : knee sprain affects the collateral and cruciate
ligaments
• For strain: quadriceps, hamstrings, Achilles tendon,
biceps muscle or tendon

8. SYMPTOMS OF SPRAIN AND
STRAIN
• Pain
• Swelling
• Bruises
• Spasm.

9. DIAGNOSIS OF A SPRAIN OF STRAIN
• A diagnosis can be made after the health care
professional takes a history of injury and performs
a physical examination
• X-rays and CT scan may be required depending on
the severity of the condition to confirm your
diagnosis

10. CLASSIFICATION OF SPRAIN
• The grading system for sprain injury is similar to
that of strains
• Grade 1: sprain occurs when fibres of the ligaments
are stretched and not torn
• Grade 2: ligaments are partially torn
• Grade 3: ligaments are completely torn or ruptured

11. PHYSIOTHERAPY MANAGEMENT OF
SPRAIN AND STRAIN
• The PRICE method is always applied immediately the injury
occurs to aid gaster healing
• The P: Protection
• R: rest
• I: Ice
• C: compression
• E: elevation
• Teaching and monitoring range of motion and strengthening
exercises allow recovery from thier injury in a controlled
way.
• Ultrasound, EMS, STM and massage.

12. OTHER MANAGEMENT OF SPTAIN
AND STRAIN
• These includes drug therapy like Anti- inflammatory
medications eg. Ibuprofen and naproxen to
decrease pain and inflammation of the injury.
• Surgery

13. PROGNOSIS
• A muscle strain may resolve with PRICE in one to
two days and a sprain two to four weeks.
• However, when the injury is garde 3, it requires
surgery and takes up to months of Physical therapy
to enable a resolution of the injury.

14. PREVENTION
• Sprain and strain are caused by accidents.
• People do not plan on becoming injured
• But there are some practices that help prevent
injuries
• Muscles need to be warmed up before exercise and
work

15. CONCLUSION
• Muscle strain and ligamentous sprain can acute or
chronic
• But means of treatment remains the same