This document provides an overview of public speaking techniques. It discusses the definition of public speaking and how it is used to inform, influence, or entertain an audience. Several tips are provided for effective public speaking, including knowing the audience, framing the presentation with a clear beginning, middle, and end, focusing on a key takeaway message, practicing delivery methods, and staying within time limits. Additionally, the document defines and describes different types of creative speech productions such as impromptu, extemporaneous, manuscript, memorized, argumentation, and debate styles.

1. PUBLIC
SPEAKING
SPEECH AND THEATRE ARTS
Kathlene Francesca G. Pamittan

2. PUBLIC SPEAKING
Public speaking is the process
and act of speaking or giving a
lecture to a group of people in a
structured, deliberate manner
intended to inform, influence, or
entertain a listening audience.

3. PUBLIC SPEAKING
Public speaking is commonly
understood as face-to-face
speaking between individuals
and an audience for the purpose
of communication. It is closely
allied to “presenting”, although
the latter is more often
associated with commercial
activity.

4. TECHNIQUES IN
PUBLIC SPEAKING

5. PRESENTATION FORMAT
It is important to know what is
expected of you so you can be
well prepared and not have to
scramble last minute to readjust
your talk due to unanticipated
logistics.

6. KNOW YOUR AUDIENCE
Get information about who will be
attending your presentation. Are all
participants experts at the topic or will
there be novices present? Is there a
mixed group of people representing
different backgrounds or is everyone on
the same page regarding technicalities?
Depending on the audience, you will
have to spend some time giving varying
degrees of background on the material
and explaining certain concepts.

7. FRAME YOUR STORY
Approach 1: Consider it as planning a
journey where the biggest decisions are
where to start and where to end. The
most engaging speakers do a superb job
of very quickly introducing the topic,
explaining why they care so deeply about
it, and convincing the audience members
that they should, too.

8. FRAME YOUR STORY
Approach 2: Have a narrative structure
that loosely follows a detective story. The
speaker starts out by presenting a
problem and then describes the search
for a solution.

9. TAKE AWAY MESSAGE
If someone who missed your talk were to
ask an audience member in the elevator
to sum it up, what would you like that
person to say? Focus on that message.
Start out with this summary statement in
mind and build your presentation around
it.

10. PLAN YOUR DELIVERY
There are three main ways to deliver a
speech. You can read it directly off a
script. You can develop a set of bullet
points that map out what you’re going to
say in each section rather than scripting
the whole thing word for word. Or you
can memorize your speech, which entails
rehearsing it to the point where you
internalize every word.

11. TIMING
Wrap up your talk on time. To
achieve this goal, ask someone
to give you time cues by
indicating when you have five
minutes left, two minutes and
when you have run out of time.
Once you get the last notice, you
should stop talking.

12. FLEXIBILITY
Organize your talk and know it
well enough to have the
flexibility to skip certain parts or
expand on others depending on
the circumstances. For example,
if you do add a last-minute
introduction, be flexible to skip a
part of the prepared content.

13. PRACTICE
This is helpful in seeing whether
you have made the talk too
narrowly focused or overly
technical. Such a practice session
does not have to involve the
entire talk, it can consist of
telling someone about your
presentation outline.

14. CREATIVE SPEECH
PRODUCTIONS

15. Impromptu Speaking: involves delivering
a message on the spur of the moment.
This is sometimes referred to as "off the
cuff" or "spur of the moment"
IMPROMPTU

16. Point – make your main point clearl in your
introduction.
Reason – state why you made your main
point. Include opinion, research, statistics,
and any other material that adds credibility.
Example – cite an example that supports
your point.
Point – make your point one last time. Aim
to link your conclusion back to your
introduction
IMPROMPTU

17. Extemporaneous Speaking: consist of
delivering a speech in a conversational
fashion using notes. This is the style most
speeches call for
EXTEMPORANEOUS

18. Manuscript Speaking: consists of reading
a fully scripted speech. It is useful when
a message needs to be delivered in
precise words.
MANUSCRIPT

19. Memorized speaking: consists of reciting a
scripted speech from memory.
Memorization allows the speaker to be
free of notes.
MEMORIZED

20. Argumentation: is a persuasive speech in
which the speaker attempts to persuade
his audience to alter their viewpoints on a
particular issue.
ARGUMENTATION

21. The goal of argumentative speeches is
not giving an audience a wake-up call,
but this type persuasive speech attempts
to persuade the audience to alter their
viewpoints on a controversial issue.
ARGUMENTATION

22. Raymond S. Ross clarifies the following definitions
present in an argumentative speech:
Claim: The whole reason for your arguing in the first
place. This is based on your opinion.
Grounds: This is purely based on research. Facts,
tables, statistical data, proof of evidence. If you have
no grounds to support your claims whatsoever, you will
be seen as an ignorant blabbermouth just stating
random things without proof.
ARGUMENTATION

23. Argumentative speeches can be based on the
following: a claim of fact, a claim of value, or a
claim of policy.
A claim of fact starts with an incident or a reality that
is based on evidence.
A claim of value is a belief that something is good or
bad, right or wrong.
A claim of policy is a claim that recommends the
course of action.
ARGUMENTATION

24. Debate: an organized argument or
contest of ideas in which the participants
discuss a topic from two opposing sides.
DEBATE

25. A formal debate involves two sides: one
supporting a resolution and one opposing
it.
DEBATE

26. A formal debate usually involves three
groups: one supporting a resolution
(affirmative team), one opposing the
resolution (opposing team), and those
who are judging the quality of the
evidence and arguments and the
performance in the debate.
DEBATE

27. Debate opens with the affirmative team
(the team that supports the resolution)
presenting their arguments, followed by a
member of the opposing team. This
pattern is repeated for the second
speaker in each team. Finally, each team
gets an opportunity for rebutting the
arguments of the opponent.
DEBATE

28. A typical sequence for debate, with
suggested timelines, is as follows:
• the first speaker on the affirmative team
presents arguments in support of the
resolution. (5 – 10 minutes)
• The first speaker on the opposing team
presents arguments opposing the
resolution. (5 – 10 minutes)
DEBATE

29. • The second speaker on the affirmative
team presents further arguments in
support of the resolution, identifies areas
of conflict, and answers questions that
may have been raised by the opposition
speaker. (5 – 10 minutes)
DEBATE

30. • The second speaker on the opposing
team presents further arguments against
the resolution, identifies further areas of
conflict, and answers questions that may
have been raised by the previous
affirmative speaker. (5 – 10 minutes)
DEBATE

31. • The rules may include a short recess for
teams to prepare their rebuttals. (5
minutes)
• The opposing team begins with the
rebuttal, attempting to defend the
opposing arguments and to defeat the
supporting arguments without adding any
new information. (3 – 5 minutes)
DEBATE

32. • First rebuttal of the affirmative team (3
– 5 minutes)
• Each team gets a second rebuttal for
closing statements with the affirmative
team having the last opportunity to
speak. (3 – 5 minutes each)
• There cannot be any interruptions.
Speakers must wait their turns. The
teacher may need to enforce the rules.
DEBATE

33. THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING