The document discusses communication for various purposes. It explains that communication allows people to understand each other and share information, opinions, and insights. There are different means of communication, such as writing, speaking, and watching. It also discusses the various specific purposes of communication, such as to inform, persuade, argue, and entertain. The chapter aims to help students understand these different communication purposes to enhance their skills. [/SUMMARY]

1. CHAPTER 5: COMMUNICATION FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES
Communication is the process of building shared meaning with other members of a particular community, be it
a group, society, or organization. It enables us to understand the information, opinion, and insight of others. There are
a number of means to communicate, it can be through writing, watching, or speaking among others. There are also
various specific purposes as to why we communicate with others – to inform, persuade, argue, and entertain. We need
to further understand these purposes so that we may be able to become better, more effective communicators.
Learning Outcomes:
After completion of this chapter, students shall have the opportunity to:
1. Determine the various purposes as to why we communicate;
2. Describe the different types of speeches and public speaking events;
3. Appreciate the value of communication purposes in order to further enhance communication skills; and,
4. Demonstrate learning through the activities provided in this chapter.
Portrait of a learner
I am Jeannie and I want to know the different
purposes as to why we Communicate. I also want
to learn how I can be better prepare for the
various types of speeches. Finally, I want to be
given the opportunity to implement my new
learning through various events.

2. Lesson 20: Speeches and Public Speaking
Have you ever experienced being volunteered by others to
speak in front of the class, of a crowd, of an audience? Were
you clueless of what to say, what to do, what to share? DO you
feel numb and stuporic to stage on stage? Are you afraid to do
public speaking? Well, worry no more. By being able to have
knowledge about the act to speak publicly, you can now better
address such concerns.
Public Speaking
Defines as face-to-face communication method, public speaking
uses speech as a medium to communicate to a group of
listeners known as the audience. It is a means for speakers to
deliver message they would want to convey. It can inform,
influence, and even entertain people. So, why would you do
public speaking.

3. Necessity. As a soon-to-be professional, you must accept the fact that you
will need to address a crowd at some point of your career. Before that day
comes, be sure that you are already up to the challenge.
Platforms. You need to have a platform where you can share your
technical knowhow in an impressive and interesting fashion. Pubic
speaking can be a very good venue for you to exhibit you expertise and skill
sets.
Value. The act of speaking in public increases your level of self-confidence
, self-esteem, and self-worth.
Skills. Your critical thinking and listening skills sharpen by making claims,
presenting evidences, and reason out logically. It also furthers your career
as you develop research techniques, organization, strategies, and creative
thinking.

4. Why do you fear public speaking? Here are some of
the reasons:
• Fear of being stared at
• Fear of failure
• Fear of rejection
• Fear of the unknown

5. Now, how do we address these fears? Here are some
techniques;
• Confront your fear. Since you are afraid to speak in public,
Convince yourself to do public speaking whenever there is a
chance. Through constant exposure to public speaking, you
tend to desensitize yourself, which leads you to
delivering speeches a second nature.
• Convert your fear. You need to realize that fear is actually
energy ready to be unleashed. Convert the negative energy
of being afraid to the positive of being excited. This energy
will help you become alert and dynamic.

6. • Never compromise. Accept topic that you are most familiar
with. Never compromise yourself to discussing things that
you are unsure of. Doing so will increase your fear of
committing mistakes and performing rather poorly.
• Constantly practice. Careful, cautious preparation and
rehearsal decreases your stage fright. Remember, “Proper
Practice makes Perfect Performance!” Hence, never fail to
practice your delivery of the speech properly so that you can
perform to perfection.
• Be spontaneous. Unless you are tasked to deliver a
memorized speech, never memorize what you will be
delivering to your audience. As one of the greatest public
speakers, Winston Churchill, would advice,” Be
spontaneous, trust yourself. Trust that you van say what you
want and mean to say.

7. Extemporaneous Speech
This type of speech is a persuasive event that involves only a little time for
preparation, an outline of format of what is to be discussed, and no actual notes.
Competitive extemporaneous speech is a public speaking performance delivered
for five to seven minutes given a thirty minute preparation. With this in mind, you
must be very conscious with how you will be using your preparation in time so you
can better perform your speech. Here are some reminders:
1. Use the Introduction, Body, and Conclusion formula.
a. Introduction
I. Should get your audience’s attention
II. Should be linked to your audience’s interest.
III. Should state your topic
IV. Should provide response to the question

8. b. Body
I. Should be limited to three main points.
II. Should explain, support, and strengthen your claims.
III. Should contain a concrete example or evidence.
c. Conclusion
I. Should restate the question given you.
II. Should refer back to your attention getting statement.
III. Should repeat the items or points you have stated.
IV. Should end with a very strong, convincing, action-inducing statement.
2. Always write the body of your speech first, followed b your introduction, then your conclusion.
3. Focus on writing the outline of your speech. Use the power words and key words instead of
writing the entire speech.
4. Spend only a maximum of ten minutes writing, and 30 minutes rehearsing.
5. Practice with great emphasis and conviction.

9. Impromptu Speaking
Compared to extemporaneous speaking this type of speech is one that
provides no preparation time at all. To have a clearer picture, impromptu
speaking is highly comparable to the “Question and Answer” portion of beauty
pageants. SO, once you are given topic or the question, you are provided a
maximum of one minute to compose your speech and you are expected to
deliver your message that is organized, coherent, and entertaining for a
minimum of two to a maximum of five minutes. To deliver an effective
impromptu speech, consider this tactical formula:
1. Listen
a) Be attentive. Do not simply here the question or the topic. Listen to it with your
heart and mind.
b) Do not speak until the question or topic has been completely stated.
c) Make sure you are ready to speak before you even do so.
d) Focus on the topic or the question.

10. 2. Pause
a) Give your mind a chance to absorb the topic or question.
b) Gaze at your audience. Use eye-contact.
c) Give yourself time to think of your answer.
d) Pausing adds a little drama to your presentation
e) Smile. This exudes confidence.
f) Never use fillers
3. Deliver
a) Open your speech by repeating the topic or question
b) You can simply agree or disagree with that is to be discussed if applicable.
c) Stay focus and express only what is essential.
d) Remember the Intro-Body-Conclusion formula.
e) Limit the body of your discussion to three main points
f) Use mnemonics for better presentation of your body.
4. End
a) Never repeat your entire response
b) Summarize your main points by restating your mnemonics
c) Look at your audience for the last time
d) Smile.

11. Here are some strategies you may want to consider:
a) Express your opinion about the topic.
b) Provide a cause and effect discussion of the topic.
c) Discuss the past, present, and future in relation to the topic.
But regardless of how your speech goes:
a) Never apologize. Do not be sorry for what you have discussed, it is
your opinion anyway.
b) Never ramble. Speak in a pace that is relaxed never be repetitive.
c) Never invent. Sincerity and honesty are keys you should value as a
speaker.

12. Lesson 21:
Informative
Communication

13. Qualities of an Informative Speech
• Accurate
As an effective communicator, you must be able to
carefully and critically discern which among the tons of
information you would be sharing to your target audience.
Narrowing down and specifying your topic and purpose
creates a clearer and more accurate picture of your entire
informative speech.
• Clear
Maximum benefits from your every presentation can be
achieved by your audience if your express your thoughts in a
way that can be understood by your audience. Clarity is the
result of your ability to logically organize and choice words
that your audience will comprehend.

15. • Speeches About Processes
Process speech vivid descriptions and thorough detailing a
part from the actual process.
• Speeches About Events
Event can be defined as any occurrence that happens or has
happened. Event speeches describe the happening in full circle-time,
date, location, atmosphere, interjections and circumstances. It can be
a concert, birthday, wedding, graduation or even a break –up.
• Speeches About Concept
As an effective communicator, you should be able to find
concrete ideas within the abstractness, so that you can make your
speech very rational, relatable and relevant to your audience.

16. Goals of
Informative
Speech

17. 1. Provide an explanation to a specific subject
matter.
• As an communicator you should be able to learn how to convert
and best present the complex information and understanding you
have gained about the topic, through experience and scholarly
research, into easily relatable and communicable form for your
audience.
• As an responsible communicator you should always be ready to
be bombarded with questions.

18. 2. Assist the audience to store this knowledge for
later use.
• An equally important goal you have as an information
communicator is to ensure that your audience will remember what
you have share to them. To achieve this:
First: consider creating speech that appeals to your audience
emotionally.
Second: be organizing, repetitive and focus.

19. Third: maintain interest by showing your audience why they should
even care about the information you would be sharing without
compromising a tone that is neutral rather that persuasive.
Fourth: clearly identify the scope of your discussion
Last: make your speech relevant to your purpose and to your
audience.

20. Lesson 22:
PERSUASIVE
COMMUNICATION

21. WHAT IS PERSUASION?
•Persuasion is the ability to mold,
sway, convince, and influence the
audience to agree and take the
side the speaker presents.

22. WHAT IS INFLUENCE?
Influence is the alteration of
one’s state of mind.

23. Literature presents 4 characteristics of Persuasive
Communication as a source of influence:
• Persuasion as communicative device hopes to bring forth
preferred response from the audience.
• Persuasion is an individual’s conscious effort to influence and
change the mind set of the audience – attitudes, beliefs,
preferences, or behaviours through the message being
shared within the speech to be delivered.
• Persuasion is an activity the represents the very purpose of
the speaker and that is to influence the audience’s level of
acceptance of new learning or updates of present knowledge
through the contents of persuasive speech.
• Persuasion is the clear intent to influence the mental state of
the audience using communication with some degree of
freedom.

24. 5 Distinct Components:
• It is highly symbolic as process – The effect of influence does not
come overnight.
• It is an act to influence –To persuade is to influence, hence, should
come natural in order to be successful.
• It is ultimately a self-decision – People persuade themselves.
• It involves transmitting and sharing of message – The most important
function you must be mindful of when doing a persuasive speech is to be
able to transmit and share your message to your audience effectively.
• It requires free choice – Although the speech that you will present to
your audience is one that influences and ultimately persuade them, you
must also provide a leeway for members of your audience to think,
adjust, weigh, and be free to choose whether or not the will lean towards
your recommendations as a speaker or decide to take the opposite route.

25. EFFECTS OF
PERSUASION

26. • SHAPING – Persuasive speeches can mold the
disposition of your audience. You can do this by
connecting developments, characteristics, components,
factors and aspects of subject and topic to that of your
audience’s perception.
• REINFORCING – “If you can’t beat them, join them.”
• CHANGING – As an effective persuader, you must be
able to change the state of mind of your audience.
(Benefits and Disadvantages)

27. PROCESS OF
PERSUASION

28. • GET ATTENTION – As a speaker, the first thing that you would
need to do is to get the attention of your intended audience to
listen to whatever you would want to share.
• PROVIDE COMPREHENSION – Once you are certain that you
already have grabbed the attention of your audience, it is time
for you to get them into focusing to your speech and more
importantly, make them understand the arguments or point of
the message you are trying to import.
• TARGET ACCEPTANCE – You must target your audience’s
reasons for acceptance.
• AID RETENTION – Make sure your audience will be able to
retain the information long after your presentation.

29. PREPAIRING THE PERSUASIVE SPEECH
• Outline your speech
It should be part of your entire creation process. You can create awareness, stimulate
action, and aid in retaining the message
• Strategize your medium
By knowing your audience and putting yourself into their shoes, you can now assess
the medium that you would prioritize when delivering your speech
• Strategize your message
Working hand-in-hand with your medium, you also strategize your message
• Watch your language
Pertinent to your persuasive communication is the choice of language you will use. You
should fit the language with the audience that you have.

30. 5 INDEPENDENT OBJECTIVES:
• Stimulate
The first objective you would want to achieve is to be able to
stimulate your audience to think about your message and eventually
feel a sense of commitment to be in mutual agreement with
message
• Convince
Convince your audience to make specific choices and perform
specific actions
• Call
Not only you can influence the mind set of your audience
through persuasive communication, you can even call them to make
actions

31. • Increase Consideration
As a persuader, you can also increase their
willingness to consider the options you are providing them
by allowing them to be fully aware of your objectives, they
tend to be influenced, hence, consider your message
• Tolerate Perspectives
Make your audience tolerant of alternative
perspectives. They should fin within your persuasive
speech varieties of equally important key alternatives, so
that they may eventually be open to other perspectives.

32. Lesson 23:
ARGUMENTATIV
E

33. • Argumentative Communication is an assertive
utilizationof the language for reasons of advocacy,
security or discrediting points of views.
• It is the fundamental inspiration to perform contentions.
• It is a factious exchange of reasons based upon realities
and actualities and not emotions and feelings.

34. 6 Interrelated components for investigating
contentions:
• Claim
A statement of conclusion delivered by the speaker that needs to be accepted as true,
and demands a setting up of legitimacy.
Ex: If the speaker wants to convince an audience about being proud of his roots, the
claim would be, “I am a Filipino.”
• Ground
The reason to the claim. It can either be just a made-up story or a factual information
that is used to establish what the speaker claims to be true. Information, especially one that is
based solely on facts, gravitate the level of acceptance of the audience to the claim stated.
Ex: To strengthen the claim of the speaker that he is a Filipino, he will deliver his
supporting information, “ I was born in the City of Manila.”

35. • Warrant
A statement used to justify the claim by developing of
furthering the information given. This can be a minute statement,
an explanation, or an argument pursuing the claim. It can be on-
point, implied, or even tacit.
Ex: To warrant the claim of being a Filipino, given the ground
that he was born in Manila, he would state , “Anyone born in the
Philippines is a Filipino.”

36. Support
A statement made for the purpose of backing and ensuing
that the warrant given is communicated. This is presented more
particularly when the warrant seems to fail in convincing the
audience. Hence, this should be firm enough to withstand any
doubt the audience have of the warrant and claim.
Ex: To warrant the claim of being a true-blooded Filipino,
given the warrant that anyone born in the Philippines is a
Filipino, he would further, “Under the Malolos Constitution, by
virtue of jus soli as the princilple of citizenship, it is declared that
Filipinos included “all persons born on the Philippine territory.”

37. Qualifier
This is a statement containing strong expression
words that restricts the comprehensiveness of the claim.
Such expressions include, but are not limited to, “surely,”
“definitely,” “without doubt,” “most likely” and the like.
These expressions may either state the claim as correct or
incorrect, depending on the context of the qualifier
statement.
Ex: To qualify the claim of being a Filipino, he would
state, “With this being said, I am most certainly a Filipino.”

38. • Rebuttal
This is a counter argumentative statement that reveals the
perceived limitations of the claim. This is best delivered early in the
stage of the presentation but may also still be given at any point of
the discussion.
Ex: To rebuttal the claim of being a Filipino, he would
mention, “However, should I migrate to another country like the
United Kingdom for example, and choose to be naturalized British,
then I lose my being a Filipino.”

39. • To NOTE:
“Claim,” “Ground,” and “Warrant” are REQUISITE COMPONENTS
of Contention.
“Support,” “Qualifier,” and “Rebuttal” are SUPPLEMENT
COMPONENTS, hence, may not always be needed to prove the
claim.

40. TYPES OF ARGUMENTATIVE COMMUNICATION
• Scientific Argumentation- (Discussion Investigation) This type of
argument is one that investigates the normal events and happenings
that occur in the field of sociolinguistics.
• Mathematical Argumentation- Usually utilized to determine
contentions in Symbolic Logic, mathematical argumentation tries to
reveal numerical truth and arithmetical certainties that can result to
sensible facts.
• Logical Argumentation- Argumentation type of radical verbalization
of logical information found within the limits and boundaries of
society.
• Interpretive Argumentation- Common exercised as a dialogical
process where members either examine or determine translation
differences of information with varying degree of importance.