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Speech Act Theory
Speech act theory studies how language is used to perform actions through utterances. A speech act has three components: the locutionary act (the literal meaning of words), the illocutionary act (the intention or action performed), and the perlocutionary act (the effect on the listener). Searle identified five types of illocutionary acts: directives that try to make the listener do something, commissives that commit the speaker to future actions, representatives that state beliefs, declaratives that change situations, and expressives that convey emotions.
