The research process involves multiple steps, including formulating a research problem, reviewing relevant literature, formulating research questions and hypotheses, designing the research methodology, determining sampling methods, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings. It begins with identifying an interesting research problem and topic. The researcher then reviews existing literature to learn what is already known and not known about the topic to help narrow the research question. Next, the researcher develops a research design and sampling method to collect and analyze data to address the research question and test any hypotheses. Finally, the researcher prepares a report summarizing the full research process and findings.

1. Research
Process
Syeda Aqsa Gilani
M.Phil 1st
EN320221017

2. Content
What is Research Process?
Process of Research.
Summary

3. Research Process
 The research
process is the
process of multiple
steps in conducting
research work.

5. Research Process
The process includes various steps.
 1. Formulating a research
problem
 2. Review of Literature
 3. Formulate Research Question
 4. Formulating Hypothesis
 5. Research Design
 6. Determining Sample Design
 7. Data Collection & Analyzation
 8. Report / Thesis

6. 1. Formulating/
identifying a
Research
Problem:
 A good research always
starts with a good
problem.
 You identify a research
problem by first selecting
a general topic that’s
interesting to you and to
the interests of your
research advisor.
 Once identified, you’ll
need to narrow it.

7.  Find out what’s being asked or
what’s already been done in the
area by doing some exploratory
reading. Discuss the topic with your
advisor to gain additional insights,
explore novel approaches, and
begin to develop your research
question, purpose statement, and
hypothesis(es), if applicable.
2. Review the
Literature

8. 3. Formulate research questions
Next, based on the problem statement, you need
to write one or more research questions.
These target exactly what you want to find out.
They might focus on describing, comparing,
evaluating, or explaining the research problem.

9. 4. Formulating
Hypothesis
the next step is to formulate
your own hypothesis. A
hypothesis is a theoretical
statement in solving a logical
relationship between variables.
The role of hypothesis is to
guide the researcher by
delimiting the area of research
and to keep him/her on a right
track.

10. 5. Research design
The research design is the blueprint or
framework for fulfilling objectives and
answering research questions.
It is a master plan specifying the methods
and procedures for collecting, processing,
and analyzing the collected data.

11. 6. Determining sample design
Sampling is an
important and
separate step in
the research
process.
Sample
design refers to
the methods to
be followed in
selecting a
sample from the
population
These methods
are basically of
two types:
probability
sampling and
non-probability
sampling.

12. 7. Collecting & Analyzing a data
Collects data
that
potentially
relate to the
problem,
Arranges the
data into a
logical
organizational
structure,
Analyzes and
interprets
the data to
determine
their
meaning,
Determines if
the data
resolve the
research
problem or
not, and
Determines if
the data
support the
hypothesis or
not.

13. 8. Report / Thesis
 Finally, the researcher has to
prepare the report of what has
been done by him.
 Writing a report includes:
 1. the preliminary pages (title
page, date,
acknowledgement, table of
content)
 2. the main text (Introduction,
summary of findings, main
report, conclusion)
 3. the end matter (references,
Bibliography)

15. References
Kothari, C.R., Research Methodology,
Methods and Techniques, 2nd ed., New
Delhi: Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.,.